26 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Guy Lichtman
7dea2f9ef1 runtime support for AUDIT_NEED_FREE_STRING_MEMALLOC_PLUGIN_VAR fix 2012-11-11 18:58:47 +02:00
mitans02
5864313741 fixed changing configuration cause crash with MySQL-5.1 2012-11-11 00:07:07 +09:00
mitans02
b9e947fd5f Fixed compile error with MySQL 5.1 2012-11-10 23:58:00 +09:00
unknown
3ad6a1775c new vars: offsets_by_version and validate_offsets_extended. By default we try to resolve offsets by version. Also, added extended validation of the offsets. 2012-11-04 13:49:59 +02:00
Guy Lichtman
887f096883 fix printout of record objs 2012-10-28 12:23:43 +02:00
Guy Lichtman
9c01f96cf5 Merge pull request #15 from mitans02/master
Fixed some compile errors
2012-10-28 02:50:58 -07:00
Satoshi MITANI
3ad7e5e2a2 Fixed some compile errors 2012-10-27 23:37:26 +09:00
Guy Lichtman
6542b9c5c2 issue #1, issue #11: Support for mysqld compiled with a newer version of gcc which doesn't expose __cxa_pure_virtual.
SELinux support: avoid retrictions regarding mprotect modes.
Additional offests upto 5.5.28 and 5.1.66.
2012-10-22 13:58:12 +02:00
Guy Lichtman
56aac9cc5d issue #12 . Support for '{}' as a means to specify logging of empty object set in audit_record_objs.
Fix for copying configuration strings where there is an update handler.
2012-10-09 14:30:25 +02:00
Guy Lichtman
dac2dfc2a3 Fix for bug found with vio. Where mysql 5.1 ndb cluster uses a different struct from mysql 5.1. 2012-10-04 10:18:18 +02:00
Guy Lichtman
e38bc05f0f Adding flush support for json log file. Closes #9. 2012-08-13 15:30:49 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
6dae35653a readme improvements 2012-08-01 21:37:49 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
23259986a0 More offsets for latest mysql versions upto 5.1.63 and 5.5.25.
Automatic calculation of offsets seen used in Ubuntu/Debian builds based upon found version offsets when checksum validation is disabled.
Remove usage of strdup for delay_cmds, record_objs and record_cmds and use PLUGIN_VAR_MEMALOC instead.
2012-08-01 21:34:33 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
59f5b82cc9 formating cleanup 2012-08-01 15:52:24 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
eddd9e65e2 check in hot patch remove to return immediatly if not needed 2012-08-01 15:51:45 +03:00
Joseph Mocker
23dd5f824c Changed audit_record_objs syntax to period separator, database.table (instead of colon). Added wildcarding for database or table, so you can specify *.table and database.* 2012-07-30 09:46:30 -07:00
Joseph Mocker
3595c3b6f4 Added an audit_checksum parameter used with audit_offsets as an additional verification that the offsets are for the expected executable. This could be useful in upgrade situations. 2012-07-28 07:28:10 -07:00
Joseph Mocker
68a25232ec Fixed issue where values were not being configured from my.cnf.
Changed audit_json_socket and audit_json_file to required a value of ON/OFF to match other boolean parameters.
2012-07-28 07:06:10 -07:00
Joseph Mocker
ed048a30bb added the ability to limit auditing output to specific commands and objects(tables/views) 2012-07-26 08:03:13 -07:00
Joseph Mocker
60f1b8e6d7 reindented source files 2012-07-26 07:45:39 -07:00
Guy Lichtman
eb3e38116c offset-extract 2012-04-11 16:17:50 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
88159229da added offset-extract. hot_patch cleanup. 2012-04-11 15:58:43 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
2109a1030d added offset-extract. hot_patch cleanup. 2012-04-11 15:56:24 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
6db2a9f158 compiling instructions cleanup 2012-04-10 12:51:44 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
144a8bf69b added download link to mysql source code 2012-04-10 12:46:16 +03:00
Guy Lichtman
d9955f7840 renamed README to support github markdown syntax 2012-04-10 12:28:02 +03:00
10 changed files with 2596 additions and 1749 deletions

View File

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ MySQL AUDIT Plugin
MySQL AUDIT Plugin is a MySQL plugin from McAfee providing audit capabilities for MySQL,
designed with an emphasis on security and audit requirements. The plugin may be used
as a stand alone audit solution or configured to feed data to external monitoring tools.
as a standalone audit solution or configured to feed data to external monitoring tools.
Installation and Configuration
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ Please check out our wiki on github for detailed installation and configuration
https://github.com/mcafee/mysql-audit/wiki
Reporting Bugs
Issues
------------------------------
Please report bugs to: https://github.com/mcafee/mysql-audit/issues
Found a bug? Got a feature request or question?
Please describe the problem verbosely. Try to see if it reproduces and
Please feel free to report to: https://github.com/mcafee/mysql-audit/issues
If reporting a bug, please describe the problem verbosely. Try to see if it reproduces and
include a detailed description on how to reproduce.
Make sure to include your MySQL Server version and Audit Plugin version.

View File

@@ -1,63 +1,66 @@
Compiling instructions:
make sure you have installed the following packages:
autoconf
automake
gcc-c++
To compile you will need to obtain the MySQL source code.
==== MySQL 5.1 ======
Extract the MySQL source code in the root directory. For example:
unzip zip-sources/mysql-5.1.40.zip
Then run the following command:
cd mysql-5.1.40
CXX=gcc ./configure
cd include
make
Then goto top dir and run:
chmod +x bootstrap.sh
./bootstrap.sh
This will create configure script. Then run:
CXX='gcc -static-libgcc' CC='gcc -static-libgcc' ./configure --with-mysql=mysql-5.1.40
==== MySQL 5.5 ======
Extract MySQL 5.5 source code
go to mysql-src dir and run:
cd mysql-5.5.8
cmake .
make
back to working dir and run:
CXX='gcc -static-libgcc' CC='gcc -static-libgcc' ./configure --with-mysql=mysql-5.5.8 --with-mysql-libservices=mysql-5.5.8/libservices/libmysqlservices.a
make
==== Compiling with make =====
Go to top source dir and run:
make
Plugin will be compiled at:
src/.libs/libaudit_plugin.so
Some documentation about configure command for mysql:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/source-configuration-options.html
Compiling instructions
=======================
Make sure you have installed the following packages:
autoconf
automake
gcc-c++
To compile you will need to obtain the MySQL source code. MySQL source code is available at:
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
==== MySQL 5.1 ======
Extract the MySQL source code in the root directory. For example:
unzip zip-sources/mysql-5.1.40.zip
Then run the following command:
cd mysql-5.1.40
CXX=gcc ./configure
cd include
make
Then goto top dir and run:
chmod +x bootstrap.sh
./bootstrap.sh
This will create configure script. Then run:
CXX='gcc -static-libgcc' CC='gcc -static-libgcc' ./configure --with-mysql=mysql-5.1.40
==== MySQL 5.5 ======
Extract MySQL 5.5 source code
go to mysql-src dir and run:
cd mysql-5.5.8
cmake .
make
back to working dir and run:
CXX='gcc -static-libgcc' CC='gcc -static-libgcc' ./configure --with-mysql=mysql-5.5.8 --with-mysql-libservices=mysql-5.5.8/libservices/libmysqlservices.a
make
==== Compiling with make =====
Go to top source dir and run:
make
Plugin will be compiled at:
src/.libs/libaudit_plugin.so
Some documentation about configure command for mysql:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/source-configuration-options.html

37
include/audit_handler.h Normal file → Executable file
View File

@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ typedef size_t OFFSET;
#define MAX_COM_STATUS_VARS_RECORDS 512
#define MAX_OBJECT_CHAR_NUMBERS 130
#define MAX_NUM_OBJECT_ELEM 256
/**
* The struct usd to hold offsets. We should have one per version.
*/
@@ -141,24 +144,6 @@ public:
{
return *(LEX**) (((unsigned char *) thd) + Audit_formatter::thd_offsets.lex);
}
//will return a pointer to the query and set len with the length of the query
static inline const char * thd_query(THD * thd, size_t * len)
{
#if MYSQL_VERSION_ID >= 50505
MYSQL_LEX_STRING * str = thd_query_string(thd);
if(str)
{
*len = str->length;
return str->str;
}
*len = 0;
return NULL;
#else
*len = thd->query_length;
return thd->query;
#endif
}
};
@@ -210,8 +195,8 @@ public:
static const size_t MAX_AUDIT_HANDLERS_NUM = 4;
static const size_t BSON_FILE_HANDLER = 1;
static const size_t BSON_SOCKET_HANDLER = 3;
static const size_t JSON_FILE_HANDLER = 1;
static const size_t JSON_SOCKET_HANDLER = 3;
static Audit_handler * m_audit_handler_list[];
@@ -274,6 +259,11 @@ public:
}
void set_enable(bool val);
/**
* will close and start the handler
*/
void flush();
/**
* Will get relevant shared lock and call internal method of handler
@@ -424,13 +414,14 @@ protected:
*/
virtual void handler_log_audit(ThdSesData *pThdData);
//Vio we write to
Vio * m_vio;
//define as void* so we don't access members directly
void * m_vio;
void close_vio()
{
if (m_vio)
{
vio_close(m_vio);
vio_delete(m_vio);
vio_close((Vio*)m_vio);
vio_delete((Vio*)m_vio);
}
m_vio = NULL;
}

588
include/hot_patch.h Normal file → Executable file
View File

@@ -11,74 +11,532 @@
#include "mysql_inc.h"
#define DATATYPE_ADDRESS unsigned long
/*
#define JMP_OPCODE 0xE9
#define OPCODE_LENGTH 1
#define ADDRESS_LENGTH (sizeof(DATATYPE_ADDRESS))
#define MIN_REQUIRED_FOR_DETOUR (OPCODE_LENGTH + ADDRESS_LENGTH)
//the lenght of code we copy from target function to trampoline function (must be larger from MIN_REQUIRED_FOR_DETOUR=5).
//Using 6 as this is what is used in other sample code I've seen
#define TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH 6
*/
#define GETPAGESIZE() sysconf (_SC_PAGE_SIZE)
#define TRAMPOLINE_NOP_DEF {asm("nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t"\
"nop\n\t");\
}
unsigned int jump_size();
int hot_patch_function(void* targetFunction, void* newFunction, void * trampolineFunction, unsigned int *trampolinesize, bool log_info, const char * log_prefix);
int hot_patch_function(void* targetFunction, void* newFunction, void * trampolineFunction, unsigned int *trampolinesize, bool log_info);
void remove_hot_patch_function (void* targetFunction, void * trampolineFunction, unsigned int trampolinesize, bool log_info, const char * log_prefix);
void remove_hot_patch_function (void* targetFunction, void * trampolineFunction, unsigned int trampolinesize, bool log_info);
//8KB NOP + 16
//can be used to define a block of memory to use for trampolines
#define TRAMPOLINE_NOP_DEF {asm(\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
"nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\t"\
);\
}
#endif /* HOT_PATCH_H_ */

13
include/mysql_inc.h Normal file → Executable file
View File

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@
#define MYSQL_DYNAMIC_PLUGIN
#define MYSQL_SERVER 1
//Fix for VIO. We don't want to using method mapping as then a change in the struct will cause the offsets compiled with to
//be wrong. As is the case with ndb which uses a version of Vio with support for ipv6 similar to 5.5 but different from 5.1
#define DONT_MAP_VIO
#include <my_config.h>
#include <mysql_version.h>
//version 5.5.x doesn't contain mysql_priv.h . We need to add the includes provided by it.
@@ -44,6 +48,15 @@
#include <my_dir.h>
#include <my_sys.h>
//5.5 use my_free with a single param. 5.1 use with 2 params
//based on: http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~mysql/myodbc/5.1/view/head:/util/stringutil.h
#ifndef x_free
# if MYSQL_VERSION_ID >= 50500
# define x_free(A) { void *tmp= (A); if (tmp) my_free((char *) tmp); }
# else
# define x_free(A) { void *tmp= (A); if (tmp) my_free((char *) tmp,MYF(0)); }
# endif
#endif
#endif //MYSQL_INCL_H

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
#!/bin/sh
if [ $# = 0 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 <mysqld executable> [optional mysqld symbols]"
echo "Will extract offsets from mysqld. Requires gdb, md5sum and mysqld symbols."
exit 1
fi
#extract the version of mysqld
FULL_MYVER=`$1 --version | grep -P -o 'Ver\s+[\w\.-]+'| awk '{print $2}'`
#extract the md5 digest
MYMD5=`md5sum -b $1 | awk -v Field=1 '{print $1}'`
MYVER="$FULL_MYVER"
echo $FULL_MYVER | grep 'log' > /dev/null
if [ $? = 0 ]; then
MYVER=`echo "$MYVER" | grep -P -o '.+(?=-log)'`
fi
echo "set logging on" > offsets.gdb
echo 'printf "{\"'$MYVER'\",\"'$MYMD5'\", %d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %d}", ((size_t)&((THD *)log_slow_statement)->query_id) - (size_t)log_slow_statement, ((size_t)&((THD *)log_slow_statement)->thread_id) - (size_t)log_slow_statement, ((size_t)&((THD *)log_slow_statement)->main_security_ctx) - (size_t)log_slow_statement, ((size_t)&((THD *)log_slow_statement)->command) - (size_t)log_slow_statement, ((size_t)&((THD *)log_slow_statement)->lex) - (size_t)log_slow_statement, (size_t)&((LEX*)log_slow_statement)->comment - (size_t) log_slow_statement' >> offsets.gdb
SYMPARAM=""
if [ -n "$2" ]; then
SYMPARAM="-s $2 -e"
fi
gdb -n -q -batch -x offsets.gdb $SYMPARAM $1 > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? != 0 ]; then
echo "GDB failed!!!" > /dev/stderr
exit 2
fi
OFFSETS=`cat gdb.txt`
echo "//offsets for: $1 ($FULL_MYVER)"
echo "$OFFSETS,"
#clean up
rm gdb.txt
rm offsets.gdb

2
src/MySQLPlugin.map Normal file → Executable file
View File

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
_mysql_plugin_interface_version_;
_mysql_sizeof_struct_st_plugin_;
audit_plugin_so_init;
thd_alloc_service;
thd_alloc_service;
local: *;
};

1025
src/audit_handler.cc Normal file → Executable file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

1990
src/audit_plugin.cc Normal file → Executable file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

504
src/hot_patch.cc Normal file → Executable file
View File

@@ -1,268 +1,236 @@
#include "hot_patch.h"
#include "udis86.h"
#define UINT unsigned int
#define DWORD uint32_t
#define BYTE unsigned char
#ifdef __x86_64__
#define ULONG_PTR uint64_t
#else
#define ULONG_PTR uint32_t
#endif
#define unprotect(addr,len) (mprotect(addr,len,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC))
#define protect(addr,len) (mprotect(addr,len,PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC))
#define GETPAGESIZE() sysconf (_SC_PAGE_SIZE)
#define unprotect(addr,len) (mprotect(addr,len,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC))
#define protect(addr,len) (mprotect(addr,len,PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC))
#define GETPAGESIZE() sysconf (_SC_PAGE_SIZE)
static const unsigned long PAGE_SIZE = GETPAGESIZE() ;
//macro to log via sql_print_information only if cond test is enabled
#define cond_info_print(cond_test, ...) do{if(cond_test) sql_print_information(__VA_ARGS__);}while(0)
/*
* Get the page address of a given pointer
*/
static DATATYPE_ADDRESS get_page_address(void * pointer)
{
DATATYPE_ADDRESS pageMask = ( ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1) ) ;
DATATYPE_ADDRESS longp = (unsigned long) pointer;
return (longp & pageMask);
}
//
// This function retrieves the necessary size for the jump
//
static UINT GetJumpSize(ULONG_PTR PosA, ULONG_PTR PosB)
{
#ifndef __x86_64__
return 5;
#else
return 14;
#endif
}
//
// This function writes unconditional jumps
// both for x86 and x64
//
static void WriteJump(void *pAddress, ULONG_PTR JumpTo)
{
DWORD dwOldProtect = 0;
DATATYPE_ADDRESS AddressPage = get_page_address(pAddress);
unprotect((void*)AddressPage, PAGE_SIZE);
BYTE *pCur = (BYTE *) pAddress;
#ifndef __x86_64__
BYTE * pbJmpSrc = pCur + 5;
*pCur++ = 0xE9; // jmp +imm32
*((ULONG_PTR *)pCur) = JumpTo - (ULONG_PTR)pbJmpSrc;
/* old jump indirect requires 10 bytes (TOO big)
*pCur = 0xff; // jmp [addr]
*(++pCur) = 0x25;
pCur++;
*((DWORD *) pCur) = (DWORD)(((ULONG_PTR) pCur) + sizeof (DWORD));
pCur += sizeof (DWORD);
*((ULONG_PTR *)pCur) = JumpTo;
*/
#else
*pCur = 0xff; // jmp [rip+addr]
*(++pCur) = 0x25;
*((DWORD *) ++pCur) = 0; // addr = 0
pCur += sizeof (DWORD);
*((ULONG_PTR *)pCur) = JumpTo;
#endif
//}
DWORD dwBuf = 0; // nessary othewrise the function fails
protect((void*)AddressPage, PAGE_SIZE);
}
//
// Hooks a function
//
static bool HookFunction(ULONG_PTR targetFunction, ULONG_PTR newFunction, ULONG_PTR trampolineFunction, unsigned int *trampolinesize)
{
#define MAX_INSTRUCTIONS 100
uint8_t raw[MAX_INSTRUCTIONS];
unsigned int uCurrentSize =0;
#ifndef __x86_64__
#define ASM_MODE 32
#else
#define ASM_MODE 64
#endif
memcpy (raw,(void*)targetFunction,MAX_INSTRUCTIONS);
ud_t ud_obj;
ud_init(&ud_obj);
ud_set_input_buffer(&ud_obj, raw, MAX_INSTRUCTIONS);
ud_set_mode(&ud_obj, ASM_MODE);
ud_set_syntax(&ud_obj, UD_SYN_INTEL);
DWORD InstrSize = 0;
DATATYPE_ADDRESS trampolineFunctionPage = get_page_address((void*)trampolineFunction);
unprotect((void*)trampolineFunctionPage, PAGE_SIZE);
while (ud_disassemble(&ud_obj) && (strncmp (ud_insn_asm(&ud_obj),"invalid",7)!=0))
{
if (InstrSize >= GetJumpSize(targetFunction, newFunction))
break;
BYTE *pCurInstr = (BYTE *) (InstrSize + (ULONG_PTR) targetFunction);
memcpy((BYTE*)trampolineFunction + uCurrentSize,
(void *) pCurInstr, ud_insn_len (&ud_obj));
uCurrentSize += ud_insn_len (&ud_obj);
InstrSize += ud_insn_len (&ud_obj);
}
protect((void*)trampolineFunctionPage, PAGE_SIZE);
WriteJump( (BYTE*)trampolineFunction + uCurrentSize, targetFunction + InstrSize);
WriteJump((void *) targetFunction, newFunction);
*trampolinesize = uCurrentSize;
return true;
}
//
// Unhooks a function
//
static void UnhookFunction(ULONG_PTR Function,ULONG_PTR trampolineFunction , unsigned int trampolinesize)
{
DATATYPE_ADDRESS FunctionPage = get_page_address((void*)Function);
unprotect((void*)FunctionPage, PAGE_SIZE);
memcpy((void *) Function, (void*)trampolineFunction,trampolinesize);
protect((void*)FunctionPage, PAGE_SIZE);
}
/**
* Hot patch a function.
*
* We are basically taking the code of the target function and putting at the start a jump to our new function.
* Additionally we generate a trampoline function which the target function can call inorder to call the original function.
*
* trampolineFunction will be modified to contain the original code + jump code
*
* @param targetFunction the function to hot patch
* @param newFunction the new function to be called instead of the targetFunction
* @param trampolineFunction a function which will contain a jump back to the targetFunction. Function need to have
* enough space of TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH + MIN_REQUIRED_FOR_DETOUR. Recommended to use a static function
* which contains a bunch of nops. Use macro: TRAMPOLINE_NOP_DEF
* @param log_file if not null will log about progress of installing the plugin
* @Return 0 on success otherwise failure
* @See MS Detours paper: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/68568/huntusenixnt99.pdf for some background info.
*/
int hot_patch_function (void* targetFunction, void* newFunction, void * trampolineFunction, unsigned int *trampolinesize, bool info_print, const char * log_prefix)
{
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s hot patching function: 0x%x", log_prefix, targetFunction);
DATATYPE_ADDRESS trampolinePage = get_page_address(trampolineFunction);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s trampolineFunction: 0x%x trampolinePage: 0x%x",log_prefix, trampolineFunction, trampolinePage);
if (HookFunction((ULONG_PTR) targetFunction, (ULONG_PTR) newFunction,
(ULONG_PTR) trampolineFunction, trampolinesize))
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
/* OLD unused code
int res = unprotect((void *)trampolinePage,PAGE_SIZE);
if(res != 0)
{
sql_print_error("%s error un protecting trampoline page: 0x%x errno: %s. Aborting.",log_prefix, trampolinePage, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
//copy original code we are going to write over
memcpy( trampolineFunction, targetFunction, TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH) ;
//copy the jmp back to original code
memset( (void *)((DATATYPE_ADDRESS)trampolineFunction + TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH), JMP_OPCODE, OPCODE_LENGTH ) ;
//calculate where we want to jump back. The jump is relative.
//We are jumping from: trampolineFunction + TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH + MIN_REQUIRED_FOR_DETOUR
//to: targetFunction + TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH
//the diff is: targetFunction + TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH - (trampolineFunction + TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH + MIN_REQUIRED_FOR_DETOUR)
//TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH can be removed from both sides to get:
DATATYPE_ADDRESS jumpBackAddress = (DATATYPE_ADDRESS)targetFunction - ((DATATYPE_ADDRESS)trampolineFunction + MIN_REQUIRED_FOR_DETOUR);
//copy the location to the trampolineFunction
memcpy( (void *)((DATATYPE_ADDRESS) trampolineFunction + TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH + OPCODE_LENGTH), &jumpBackAddress, ADDRESS_LENGTH) ;
//protect the page
protect((void *)trampolinePage,PAGE_SIZE);
//now modify the code of the target function
DATATYPE_ADDRESS targetPage = get_page_address(targetFunction);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s targetPage: 0x%x targetFunction: 0x%x",log_prefix, targetPage, targetFunction);
res = unprotect((void *)targetPage,PAGE_SIZE);
if(res == 0)
{
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s unprotect res: %d",log_prefix, res);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s setting jump code: 0x%x length: %d at: 0x%x", log_prefix, JMP_OPCODE, OPCODE_LENGTH, targetFunction);
memset(targetFunction, JMP_OPCODE, OPCODE_LENGTH) ;
//calculate where we want to jump to. Jump is relative (see above jump calcluation)
DATATYPE_ADDRESS jumpAddress = (DATATYPE_ADDRESS)newFunction - ((DATATYPE_ADDRESS)targetFunction + MIN_REQUIRED_FOR_DETOUR);
DATATYPE_ADDRESS targetFuncJumpAddress = (DATATYPE_ADDRESS)targetFunction + OPCODE_LENGTH;
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s setting jump address: 0x%x length: %d at: 0x%x", log_prefix, jumpAddress, ADDRESS_LENGTH, targetFuncJumpAddress);
memcpy((void *)targetFuncJumpAddress, &jumpAddress, ADDRESS_LENGTH) ;
res = protect((void *)targetPage,PAGE_SIZE);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s protect res: %d",log_prefix, res);
}
else
{
sql_print_error("%s error un protecting target function page: 0x%x errno: %s. Aborted.", log_prefix, targetPage, strerror(errno));
return -2;
}
return 0;
*/
}
/**
* Restore a function back to its orginal state. Based uppon a trampoline function which
* contains a copy of the original code.
*
* @param targetFunction the function to fix back
* @param trampolineFunction a function which contains a jump back to the targetFunction.
* @param log_file if not null will log about progress of installing the plugin
*/
void remove_hot_patch_function (void* targetFunction, void * trampolineFunction, unsigned int trampolinesize, bool info_print, const char * log_prefix)
{
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s removing hot patching function: 0x%x",log_prefix, targetFunction);
DATATYPE_ADDRESS targetPage = get_page_address(targetFunction);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s targetPage: 0x%x targetFunction: 0x%x",log_prefix, targetPage, targetFunction);
UnhookFunction ((ULONG_PTR) targetFunction, (ULONG_PTR)trampolineFunction,trampolinesize);
return;
/** OLD unused code
int res = unprotect((void *)targetPage,PAGE_SIZE);
if(res == 0)
{
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s unprotect res: %d", log_prefix, res);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s copying org code from trampoline function: 0x%x length: %d to: 0x%x", log_prefix, trampolineFunction, TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH, targetFunction);
memcpy(targetFunction, trampolineFunction, TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH) ;
res = protect((void *)targetPage,PAGE_SIZE);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s protect res: %d",log_prefix, res);
}
else
{
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s ERROR un protecting page: 0x%x errno: %d", log_prefix, targetPage, errno);
}
*/
}
#include "hot_patch.h"
#include "udis86.h"
#define UINT unsigned int
#define DWORD uint32_t
#define BYTE unsigned char
#ifdef __x86_64__
#define ULONG_PTR uint64_t
#else
#define ULONG_PTR uint32_t
#endif
static const char * log_prefix = "Audit Plugin:";
#define protect(addr,len) (mprotect(addr,len,PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC))
static const unsigned long PAGE_SIZE = GETPAGESIZE() ;
//will try to unprotect with PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC. If fails (might happen under SELinux)
//will use PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE
static int unprotect(void *addr, size_t len)
{
static bool use_exec_prot = true;
int res;
if(use_exec_prot)
{
res = mprotect(addr,len,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC);
if(0 != res)
{
sql_print_information(
"%s unable to unprotect. Page: 0x%lx, Size: %d, errno: %d. Using NO EXEC mode.",
log_prefix, (unsigned long)addr, len, errno);
use_exec_prot = false;
}
else //all is good
{
return res;
}
}
res = mprotect(addr,len,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE);
if(res != 0) //log the failure
{
sql_print_error(
"%s unable to unprotect. Page: 0x%lx, Size: %d, errno: %d. Error.",
log_prefix, (unsigned long)addr, len, errno);
}
return res;
}
//macro to log via sql_print_information only if cond test is enabled
#define cond_info_print(cond_test, ...) do{if(cond_test) sql_print_information(__VA_ARGS__);}while(0)
/*
* Get the page address of a given pointer
*/
static DATATYPE_ADDRESS get_page_address(void * pointer)
{
DATATYPE_ADDRESS pageMask = ( ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1) ) ;
DATATYPE_ADDRESS longp = (unsigned long) pointer;
return (longp & pageMask);
}
//
// This function retrieves the necessary size for the jump
//
unsigned int jump_size()
{
#ifndef __x86_64__
return 5;
#else
return 14;
#endif
}
//
// This function writes unconditional jumps
// both for x86 and x64
//
static void WriteJump(void *pAddress, ULONG_PTR JumpTo)
{
DWORD dwOldProtect = 0;
DATATYPE_ADDRESS AddressPage = get_page_address(pAddress);
unprotect((void*)AddressPage, PAGE_SIZE);
BYTE *pCur = (BYTE *) pAddress;
#ifndef __x86_64__
BYTE * pbJmpSrc = pCur + 5;
*pCur++ = 0xE9; // jmp +imm32
*((ULONG_PTR *)pCur) = JumpTo - (ULONG_PTR)pbJmpSrc;
#else
*pCur = 0xff; // jmp [rip+addr]
*(++pCur) = 0x25;
*((DWORD *) ++pCur) = 0; // addr = 0
pCur += sizeof (DWORD);
*((ULONG_PTR *)pCur) = JumpTo;
#endif
//}
DWORD dwBuf = 0; // nessary othewrise the function fails
protect((void*)AddressPage, PAGE_SIZE);
}
//
// Hooks a function
//
static bool HookFunction(ULONG_PTR targetFunction, ULONG_PTR newFunction, ULONG_PTR trampolineFunction,
unsigned int *trampolinesize)
{
#define MAX_INSTRUCTIONS 100
uint8_t raw[MAX_INSTRUCTIONS];
unsigned int uCurrentSize =0;
#ifndef __x86_64__
#define ASM_MODE 32
#else
#define ASM_MODE 64
#endif
memcpy (raw,(void*)targetFunction,MAX_INSTRUCTIONS);
ud_t ud_obj;
ud_init(&ud_obj);
ud_set_input_buffer(&ud_obj, raw, MAX_INSTRUCTIONS);
ud_set_mode(&ud_obj, ASM_MODE);
ud_set_syntax(&ud_obj, UD_SYN_INTEL);
DWORD InstrSize = 0;
DATATYPE_ADDRESS trampolineFunctionPage = get_page_address((void*)trampolineFunction);
if(unprotect((void*)trampolineFunctionPage, PAGE_SIZE) != 0)
{
sql_print_error(
"%s unable to unprotect trampoline function page: 0x%lx. Aborting.",
log_prefix, trampolineFunctionPage);
return false;
}
while (ud_disassemble(&ud_obj) && (strncmp (ud_insn_asm(&ud_obj),"invalid",7)!=0))
{
if (InstrSize >= jump_size())
break;
BYTE *pCurInstr = (BYTE *) (InstrSize + (ULONG_PTR) targetFunction);
memcpy((BYTE*)trampolineFunction + uCurrentSize,
(void *) pCurInstr, ud_insn_len (&ud_obj));
uCurrentSize += ud_insn_len (&ud_obj);
InstrSize += ud_insn_len (&ud_obj);
}
protect((void*)trampolineFunctionPage, PAGE_SIZE);
WriteJump( (BYTE*)trampolineFunction + uCurrentSize, targetFunction + InstrSize);
WriteJump((void *) targetFunction, newFunction);
*trampolinesize = uCurrentSize;
return true;
}
//
// Unhooks a function
//
static void UnhookFunction(ULONG_PTR Function,ULONG_PTR trampolineFunction , unsigned int trampolinesize)
{
DATATYPE_ADDRESS FunctionPage = get_page_address((void*)Function);
if(unprotect((void*)FunctionPage, PAGE_SIZE) != 0)
{
sql_print_error(
"%s Unhook not able to unprotect function page: 0x%lx. Aborting.",
log_prefix, FunctionPage);
return;
}
memcpy((void *) Function, (void*)trampolineFunction,trampolinesize);
protect((void*)FunctionPage, PAGE_SIZE);
}
/**
* Hot patch a function.
*
* We are basically taking the code of the target function and putting at the start a jump to our new function.
* Additionally we generate a trampoline function which the target function can call inorder to call the original function.
*
* trampolineFunction will be modified to contain the original code + jump code
*
* @param targetFunction the function to hot patch
* @param newFunction the new function to be called instead of the targetFunction
* @param trampolineFunction a function which will contain a jump back to the targetFunction. Function need to have
* enough space of TRAMPOLINE_COPY_LENGTH + MIN_REQUIRED_FOR_DETOUR. Recommended to use a static function
* which contains a bunch of nops.
* @param info_print if true will print info as progressing
* @Return 0 on success otherwise failure
* @See MS Detours paper: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/68568/huntusenixnt99.pdf for some background info.
*/
int hot_patch_function (void* targetFunction, void* newFunction, void * trampolineFunction, unsigned int *trampolinesize, bool info_print)
{
DATATYPE_ADDRESS trampolinePage = get_page_address(trampolineFunction);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s hot patching function: 0x%lx, trampolineFunction: 0x%lx trampolinePage: 0x%lx",log_prefix, (unsigned long)targetFunction, (unsigned long)trampolineFunction, (unsigned long)trampolinePage);
if (HookFunction((ULONG_PTR) targetFunction, (ULONG_PTR) newFunction,
(ULONG_PTR) trampolineFunction, trampolinesize))
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
}
/**
* Restore a function back to its orginal state. Based uppon a trampoline function which
* contains a copy of the original code.
*
* @param targetFunction the function to fix back
* @param trampolineFunction a function which contains a jump back to the targetFunction.
* @param log_file if not null will log about progress of installing the plugin
*/
void remove_hot_patch_function (void* targetFunction, void * trampolineFunction, unsigned int trampolinesize, bool info_print)
{
if(trampolinesize == 0)
{
//nothing todo. As hot patch was not set.
return;
}
DATATYPE_ADDRESS targetPage = get_page_address(targetFunction);
cond_info_print(info_print, "%s removing hot patching function: 0x%lx targetPage: 0x%lx trampolineFunction: 0x%lx",log_prefix, (unsigned long)targetFunction, (unsigned long)targetPage, (unsigned long)trampolineFunction);
UnhookFunction ((ULONG_PTR) targetFunction, (ULONG_PTR)trampolineFunction,trampolinesize);
return;
}