k3s/cluster/gce/util.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# A library of helper functions and constant for the local config.

# Use the config file specified in $KUBE_CONFIG_FILE, or default to
# config-default.sh.
KUBE_ROOT=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}")/../..
source "${KUBE_ROOT}/cluster/gce/${KUBE_CONFIG_FILE-"config-default.sh"}"
source "${KUBE_ROOT}/cluster/common.sh"

if [[ "${OS_DISTRIBUTION}" == "debian" || "${OS_DISTRIBUTION}" == "coreos" ]]; then
  source "${KUBE_ROOT}/cluster/gce/${OS_DISTRIBUTION}/helper.sh"
else
  echo "Cannot operate on cluster using os distro: ${OS_DISTRIBUTION}" >&2
  exit 1
fi

NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX="${INSTANCE_PREFIX}-minion"

ALLOCATE_NODE_CIDRS=true

KUBE_PROMPT_FOR_UPDATE=y
KUBE_SKIP_UPDATE=${KUBE_SKIP_UPDATE-"n"}

# Verify prereqs
function verify-prereqs {
  local cmd
  for cmd in gcloud gsutil; do
    if ! which "${cmd}" >/dev/null; then
      local resp
      if [[ "${KUBE_PROMPT_FOR_UPDATE}" == "y" ]]; then
        echo "Can't find ${cmd} in PATH.  Do you wish to install the Google Cloud SDK? [Y/n]"
        read resp
      else
        resp="y"
      fi
      if [[ "${resp}" != "n" && "${resp}" != "N" ]]; then
        curl https://sdk.cloud.google.com | bash
      fi
      if ! which "${cmd}" >/dev/null; then
        echo "Can't find ${cmd} in PATH, please fix and retry. The Google Cloud "
        echo "SDK can be downloaded from https://cloud.google.com/sdk/."
        exit 1
      fi
    fi
  done
  if [[ "${KUBE_SKIP_UPDATE}" == "y" ]]; then
    return
  fi
  # update and install components as needed
  if [[ "${KUBE_PROMPT_FOR_UPDATE}" != "y" ]]; then
    gcloud_prompt="-q"
  fi
  local sudo_prefix=""
  if [ ! -w $(dirname `which gcloud`) ]; then
    sudo_prefix="sudo"
  fi
  ${sudo_prefix} gcloud ${gcloud_prompt:-} components update preview || true
  ${sudo_prefix} gcloud ${gcloud_prompt:-} components update alpha || true
  ${sudo_prefix} gcloud ${gcloud_prompt:-} components update || true
}

# Create a temp dir that'll be deleted at the end of this bash session.
#
# Vars set:
#   KUBE_TEMP
function ensure-temp-dir {
  if [[ -z ${KUBE_TEMP-} ]]; then
    KUBE_TEMP=$(mktemp -d -t kubernetes.XXXXXX)
    trap 'rm -rf "${KUBE_TEMP}"' EXIT
  fi
}

# Verify and find the various tar files that we are going to use on the server.
#
# Vars set:
#   SERVER_BINARY_TAR
#   SALT_TAR
function find-release-tars {
  SERVER_BINARY_TAR="${KUBE_ROOT}/server/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
  if [[ ! -f "$SERVER_BINARY_TAR" ]]; then
    SERVER_BINARY_TAR="${KUBE_ROOT}/_output/release-tars/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
  fi
  if [[ ! -f "$SERVER_BINARY_TAR" ]]; then
    echo "!!! Cannot find kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
    exit 1
  fi

  SALT_TAR="${KUBE_ROOT}/server/kubernetes-salt.tar.gz"
  if [[ ! -f "$SALT_TAR" ]]; then
    SALT_TAR="${KUBE_ROOT}/_output/release-tars/kubernetes-salt.tar.gz"
  fi
  if [[ ! -f "$SALT_TAR" ]]; then
    echo "!!! Cannot find kubernetes-salt.tar.gz"
    exit 1
  fi
}

# Use the gcloud defaults to find the project.  If it is already set in the
# environment then go with that.
#
# Vars set:
#   PROJECT
#   PROJECT_REPORTED
function detect-project () {
  if [[ -z "${PROJECT-}" ]]; then
    PROJECT=$(gcloud config list project | tail -n 1 | cut -f 3 -d ' ')
  fi

  if [[ -z "${PROJECT-}" ]]; then
    echo "Could not detect Google Cloud Platform project.  Set the default project using " >&2
    echo "'gcloud config set project <PROJECT>'" >&2
    exit 1
  fi
  if [[ -z "${PROJECT_REPORTED-}" ]]; then
    echo "Project: ${PROJECT}" >&2
    echo "Zone: ${ZONE}" >&2
    PROJECT_REPORTED=true
  fi
}

function sha1sum-file() {
  if which shasum >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    shasum -a1 "$1" | awk '{ print $1 }'
  else
    sha1sum "$1" | awk '{ print $1 }'
  fi
}

function already-staged() {
  local -r file=$1
  local -r newsum=$2

  [[ -e "${file}.sha1" ]] || return 1

  local oldsum
  oldsum=$(cat "${file}.sha1")

  [[ "${oldsum}" == "${newsum}" ]]
}

# Copy a release tar, if we don't already think it's staged in GCS
function copy-if-not-staged() {
  local -r staging_path=$1
  local -r gs_url=$2
  local -r tar=$3
  local -r hash=$4

  if already-staged "${tar}" "${hash}"; then
    echo "+++ $(basename ${tar}) already staged ('rm ${tar}.sha1' to force)"
  else
    echo "${server_hash}" > "${tar}.sha1"
    gsutil -m -q -h "Cache-Control:private, max-age=0" cp "${tar}" "${tar}.sha1" "${staging_path}"
    gsutil -m acl ch -g all:R "${gs_url}" "${gs_url}.sha1" >/dev/null 2>&1
  fi
}

# Take the local tar files and upload them to Google Storage.  They will then be
# downloaded by the master as part of the start up script for the master.
#
# Assumed vars:
#   PROJECT
#   SERVER_BINARY_TAR
#   SALT_TAR
# Vars set:
#   SERVER_BINARY_TAR_URL
#   SALT_TAR_URL
function upload-server-tars() {
  SERVER_BINARY_TAR_URL=
  SALT_TAR_URL=

  local project_hash
  if which md5 > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    project_hash=$(md5 -q -s "$PROJECT")
  else
    project_hash=$(echo -n "$PROJECT" | md5sum | awk '{ print $1 }')
  fi

  # This requires 1 million projects before the probability of collision is 50%
  # that's probably good enough for now :P
  project_hash=${project_hash:0:10}

  local -r staging_bucket="gs://kubernetes-staging-${project_hash}"

  # Ensure the bucket is created
  if ! gsutil ls "$staging_bucket" > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then
    echo "Creating $staging_bucket"
    gsutil mb "${staging_bucket}"
  fi

  local -r staging_path="${staging_bucket}/devel"

  local server_hash
  local salt_hash
  server_hash=$(sha1sum-file "${SERVER_BINARY_TAR}")
  salt_hash=$(sha1sum-file "${SALT_TAR}")

  echo "+++ Staging server tars to Google Storage: ${staging_path}"
  local server_binary_gs_url="${staging_path}/${SERVER_BINARY_TAR##*/}"
  local salt_gs_url="${staging_path}/${SALT_TAR##*/}"
  copy-if-not-staged "${staging_path}" "${server_binary_gs_url}" "${SERVER_BINARY_TAR}" "${server_hash}"
  copy-if-not-staged "${staging_path}" "${salt_gs_url}" "${SALT_TAR}" "${salt_hash}"

  # Convert from gs:// URL to an https:// URL
  SERVER_BINARY_TAR_URL="${server_binary_gs_url/gs:\/\//https://storage.googleapis.com/}"
  SALT_TAR_URL="${salt_gs_url/gs:\/\//https://storage.googleapis.com/}"
}

# Detect minions created in the minion group
#
# Assumed vars:
#   NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX
# Vars set:
#   MINION_NAMES
function detect-minion-names {
  detect-project
  MINION_NAMES=($(gcloud preview --project "${PROJECT}" instance-groups \
    --zone "${ZONE}" instances --group "${NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX}-group" list \
    | cut -d'/' -f11))
  echo "MINION_NAMES=${MINION_NAMES[*]}"
}

# Waits until the number of running nodes in the instance group is equal to NUM_NODES
#
# Assumed vars:
#   NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX
#   NUM_MINIONS
function wait-for-minions-to-run {
  detect-project
  local running_minions=0
  while [[ "${NUM_MINIONS}" != "${running_minions}" ]]; do
    echo -e -n "${color_yellow}Waiting for minions to run. "
    echo -e "${running_minions} out of ${NUM_MINIONS} running. Retrying.${color_norm}"
    sleep 5
    running_minions=$((gcloud preview --project "${PROJECT}" instance-groups \
      --zone "${ZONE}" instances --group "${NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX}-group" list \
      --running || true) | wc -l | xargs)
  done
}

# Detect the information about the minions
#
# Assumed vars:
#   ZONE
# Vars set:
#   MINION_NAMES
#   KUBE_MINION_IP_ADDRESSES (array)
function detect-minions () {
  detect-project
  detect-minion-names
  KUBE_MINION_IP_ADDRESSES=()
  for (( i=0; i<${#MINION_NAMES[@]}; i++)); do
    local minion_ip=$(gcloud compute instances describe --project "${PROJECT}" --zone "${ZONE}" \
      "${MINION_NAMES[$i]}" --fields networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP \
      --format=text | awk '{ print $2 }')
    if [[ -z "${minion_ip-}" ]] ; then
      echo "Did not find ${MINION_NAMES[$i]}" >&2
    else
      echo "Found ${MINION_NAMES[$i]} at ${minion_ip}"
      KUBE_MINION_IP_ADDRESSES+=("${minion_ip}")
    fi
  done
  if [[ -z "${KUBE_MINION_IP_ADDRESSES-}" ]]; then
    echo "Could not detect Kubernetes minion nodes.  Make sure you've launched a cluster with 'kube-up.sh'" >&2
    exit 1
  fi
}

# Detect the IP for the master
#
# Assumed vars:
#   MASTER_NAME
#   ZONE
# Vars set:
#   KUBE_MASTER
#   KUBE_MASTER_IP
function detect-master () {
  detect-project
  KUBE_MASTER=${MASTER_NAME}
  if [[ -z "${KUBE_MASTER_IP-}" ]]; then
    KUBE_MASTER_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe --project "${PROJECT}" --zone "${ZONE}" \
      "${MASTER_NAME}" --fields networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP \
      --format=text | awk '{ print $2 }')
  fi
  if [[ -z "${KUBE_MASTER_IP-}" ]]; then
    echo "Could not detect Kubernetes master node.  Make sure you've launched a cluster with 'kube-up.sh'" >&2
    exit 1
  fi
  echo "Using master: $KUBE_MASTER (external IP: $KUBE_MASTER_IP)"
}

# Ensure that we have a password created for validating to the master.  Will
# read from kubeconfig for the current context if available.
#
# Assumed vars
#   KUBE_ROOT
#
# Vars set:
#   KUBE_USER
#   KUBE_PASSWORD
function get-password {
  get-kubeconfig-basicauth
  if [[ -z "${KUBE_USER}" || -z "${KUBE_PASSWORD}" ]]; then
    KUBE_USER=admin
    KUBE_PASSWORD=$(python -c 'import string,random; print "".join(random.SystemRandom().choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) for _ in range(16))')
  fi
}

# Ensure that we have a bearer token created for validating to the master.
# Will read from kubeconfig for the current context if available.
#
# Assumed vars
#   KUBE_ROOT
#
# Vars set:
#   KUBE_BEARER_TOKEN
function get-bearer-token() {
  get-kubeconfig-bearertoken
  if [[ -z "${KUBE_BEARER_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
    KUBE_BEARER_TOKEN=$(dd if=/dev/urandom bs=128 count=1 2>/dev/null | base64 | tr -d "=+/" | dd bs=32 count=1 2>/dev/null)
  fi
}

# Wait for background jobs to finish. Exit with
# an error status if any of the jobs failed.
function wait-for-jobs {
  local fail=0
  local job
  for job in $(jobs -p); do
    wait "${job}" || fail=$((fail + 1))
  done
  if (( fail != 0 )); then
    echo -e "${color_red}${fail} commands failed.  Exiting.${color_norm}" >&2
    # Ignore failures for now.
    # exit 2
  fi
}

# Robustly try to create a firewall rule.
# $1: The name of firewall rule.
# $2: IP ranges.
# $3: Target tags for this firewall rule.
function create-firewall-rule {
  detect-project
  local attempt=0
  while true; do
    if ! gcloud compute firewall-rules create "$1" \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --network "${NETWORK}" \
      --source-ranges "$2" \
      --target-tags "$3" \
      --allow tcp udp icmp esp ah sctp; then
        if (( attempt > 5 )); then
          echo -e "${color_red}Failed to create firewall rule $1 ${color_norm}"
          exit 2
        fi
        echo -e "${color_yellow}Attempt $(($attempt+1)) failed to create firewall rule $1. Retrying.${color_norm}"
        attempt=$(($attempt+1))
    else
        break
    fi
  done
}

# Robustly try to create an instance template.
# $1: The name of the instance template.
# $2: The scopes flag.
# $3: The minion start script metadata from file.
# $4: The kube-env metadata.
function create-node-template {
  detect-project

  # First, ensure the template doesn't exist.
  # TODO(mbforbes): To make this really robust, we need to parse the output and
  #                 add retries. Just relying on a non-zero exit code doesn't
  #                 distinguish an ephemeral failed call from a "not-exists".
  if gcloud compute instance-templates describe "$1"; then
    echo "Instance template ${1} already exists; continuing." >&2
    return
  fi

  local attempt=0
  while true; do
    if ! gcloud compute instance-templates create "$1" \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --machine-type "${MINION_SIZE}" \
      --boot-disk-type "${MINION_DISK_TYPE}" \
      --boot-disk-size "${MINION_DISK_SIZE}" \
      --image-project="${MINION_IMAGE_PROJECT}" \
      --image "${MINION_IMAGE}" \
      --tags "${MINION_TAG}" \
      --network "${NETWORK}" \
      $2 \
      --can-ip-forward \
      --metadata-from-file "$3" "$4"; then
        if (( attempt > 5 )); then
          echo -e "${color_red}Failed to create instance template $1 ${color_norm}" >&2
          exit 2
        fi
        echo -e "${color_yellow}Attempt $(($attempt+1)) failed to create instance template $1. Retrying.${color_norm}" >&2
        attempt=$(($attempt+1))
    else
        break
    fi
  done
}

# Robustly try to add metadata on an instance.
# $1: The name of the instace.
# $2...$n: The metadata key=value pairs to add.
function add-instance-metadata {
  local -r instance=$1
  shift 1
  local -r kvs=( "$@" )
  detect-project
  local attempt=0
  while true; do
    if ! gcloud compute instances add-metadata "${instance}" \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --zone "${ZONE}" \
      --metadata "${kvs[@]}"; then
        if (( attempt > 5 )); then
          echo -e "${color_red}Failed to add instance metadata in ${instance} ${color_norm}"
          exit 2
        fi
        echo -e "${color_yellow}Attempt $(($attempt+1)) failed to add metadata in ${instance}. Retrying.${color_norm}"
        attempt=$(($attempt+1))
    else
        break
    fi
  done
}

# Robustly try to add metadata on an instance, from a file.
# $1: The name of the instance.
# $2...$n: The metadata key=file pairs to add.
function add-instance-metadata-from-file {
  local -r instance=$1
  shift 1
  local -r kvs=( "$@" )
  detect-project
  local attempt=0
  while true; do
    echo "${kvs[@]}"
    if ! gcloud compute instances add-metadata "${instance}" \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --zone "${ZONE}" \
      --metadata-from-file "${kvs[@]}"; then
        if (( attempt > 5 )); then
          echo -e "${color_red}Failed to add instance metadata in ${instance} ${color_norm}"
          exit 2
        fi
        echo -e "${color_yellow}Attempt $(($attempt+1)) failed to add metadata in ${instance}. Retrying.${color_norm}"
        attempt=$(($attempt+1))
    else
        break
    fi
  done
}

# Quote something appropriate for a yaml string.
#
# TODO(zmerlynn): Note that this function doesn't so much "quote" as
# "strip out quotes", and we really should be using a YAML library for
# this, but PyYAML isn't shipped by default, and *rant rant rant ... SIGH*
function yaml-quote {
  echo "'$(echo "${@}" | sed -e "s/'/''/g")'"
}

function write-master-env {
  build-kube-env true "${KUBE_TEMP}/master-kube-env.yaml"
}

function write-node-env {
  build-kube-env false "${KUBE_TEMP}/node-kube-env.yaml"
}

# Create certificate pairs for the cluster.
# $1: The public IP for the master.
#
# These are used for static cert distribution (e.g. static clustering) at
# cluster creation time. This will be obsoleted once we implement dynamic
# clustering.
#
# The following certificate pairs are created:
#
#  - ca (the cluster's certificate authority)
#  - server
#  - kubelet
#  - kubecfg (for kubectl)
#
# TODO(roberthbailey): Replace easyrsa with a simple Go program to generate
# the certs that we need.
#
# Assumed vars
#   KUBE_TEMP
#
# Vars set:
#   CERT_DIR
#   CA_CERT_BASE64
#   MASTER_CERT_BASE64
#   MASTER_KEY_BASE64
#   KUBELET_CERT_BASE64
#   KUBELET_KEY_BASE64
#   KUBECFG_CERT_BASE64
#   KUBECFG_KEY_BASE64
function create-certs {
  local cert_ip
  cert_ip="${1}"

  # Note: This was heavily cribbed from make-ca-cert.sh
  (cd "${KUBE_TEMP}"
    curl -L -O https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/easy-rsa/easy-rsa.tar.gz > /dev/null 2>&1
    tar xzf easy-rsa.tar.gz > /dev/null 2>&1
    cd easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3
    ./easyrsa init-pki > /dev/null 2>&1
    ./easyrsa --batch "--req-cn=${cert_ip}@$(date +%s)" build-ca nopass > /dev/null 2>&1
    ./easyrsa --subject-alt-name=IP:"${cert_ip}" build-server-full "${MASTER_NAME}" nopass > /dev/null 2>&1
    ./easyrsa build-client-full kubelet nopass > /dev/null 2>&1
    ./easyrsa build-client-full kubecfg nopass > /dev/null 2>&1) || {
    # If there was an error in the subshell, just die.
    # TODO(roberthbailey): add better error handling here
    echo "=== Failed to generate certificates: Aborting ==="
    exit 2
  }
  CERT_DIR="${KUBE_TEMP}/easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3"
  CA_CERT_BASE64=$(cat "${CERT_DIR}/pki/ca.crt" | base64 | tr -d '\r\n')
  MASTER_CERT_BASE64=$(cat "${CERT_DIR}/pki/issued/${MASTER_NAME}.crt" | base64 | tr -d '\r\n')
  MASTER_KEY_BASE64=$(cat "${CERT_DIR}/pki/private/${MASTER_NAME}.key" | base64 | tr -d '\r\n')
  KUBELET_CERT_BASE64=$(cat "${CERT_DIR}/pki/issued/kubelet.crt" | base64 | tr -d '\r\n')
  KUBELET_KEY_BASE64=$(cat "${CERT_DIR}/pki/private/kubelet.key" | base64 | tr -d '\r\n')
  KUBECFG_CERT_BASE64=$(cat "${CERT_DIR}/pki/issued/kubecfg.crt" | base64 | tr -d '\r\n')
  KUBECFG_KEY_BASE64=$(cat "${CERT_DIR}/pki/private/kubecfg.key" | base64 | tr -d '\r\n')
}

# Instantiate a kubernetes cluster
#
# Assumed vars
#   KUBE_ROOT
#   <Various vars set in config file>
function kube-up {
  ensure-temp-dir
  detect-project

  get-password
  get-bearer-token

  # Make sure we have the tar files staged on Google Storage
  find-release-tars
  upload-server-tars

  if ! gcloud compute networks --project "${PROJECT}" describe "${NETWORK}" &>/dev/null; then
    echo "Creating new network: ${NETWORK}"
    # The network needs to be created synchronously or we have a race. The
    # firewalls can be added concurrent with instance creation.
    gcloud compute networks create --project "${PROJECT}" "${NETWORK}" --range "10.240.0.0/16"
  fi

  if ! gcloud compute firewall-rules --project "${PROJECT}" describe "${NETWORK}-default-internal" &>/dev/null; then
    gcloud compute firewall-rules create "${NETWORK}-default-internal" \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --network "${NETWORK}" \
      --source-ranges "10.0.0.0/8" \
      --allow "tcp:1-65535" "udp:1-65535" "icmp" &
  fi

  if ! gcloud compute firewall-rules describe --project "${PROJECT}" "${NETWORK}-default-ssh" &>/dev/null; then
    gcloud compute firewall-rules create "${NETWORK}-default-ssh" \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --network "${NETWORK}" \
      --source-ranges "0.0.0.0/0" \
      --allow "tcp:22" &
  fi

  echo "Starting master and configuring firewalls"
  gcloud compute firewall-rules create "${MASTER_NAME}-https" \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --network "${NETWORK}" \
    --target-tags "${MASTER_TAG}" \
    --allow tcp:443 &

  # We have to make sure the disk is created before creating the master VM, so
  # run this in the foreground.
  gcloud compute disks create "${MASTER_NAME}-pd" \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --zone "${ZONE}" \
    --type "${MASTER_DISK_TYPE}" \
    --size "${MASTER_DISK_SIZE}"

  # Generate a bearer token for this cluster. We push this separately
  # from the other cluster variables so that the client (this
  # computer) can forget it later. This should disappear with
  # https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/issues/3168
  KUBELET_TOKEN=$(dd if=/dev/urandom bs=128 count=1 2>/dev/null | base64 | tr -d "=+/" | dd bs=32 count=1 2>/dev/null)
  KUBE_PROXY_TOKEN=$(dd if=/dev/urandom bs=128 count=1 2>/dev/null | base64 | tr -d "=+/" | dd bs=32 count=1 2>/dev/null)

  # Reserve the master's IP so that it can later be transferred to another VM
  # without disrupting the kubelets. IPs are associated with regions, not zones,
  # so extract the region name, which is the same as the zone but with the final
  # dash and characters trailing the dash removed.
  local REGION=${ZONE%-*}
  MASTER_RESERVED_IP=$(gcloud compute addresses create "${MASTER_NAME}-ip" \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --region "${REGION}" -q --format yaml | awk '/^address:/ { print $2 }')

  create-certs "${MASTER_RESERVED_IP}"

  create-master-instance "${MASTER_RESERVED_IP}" &

  # Create a single firewall rule for all minions.
  create-firewall-rule "${MINION_TAG}-all" "${CLUSTER_IP_RANGE}" "${MINION_TAG}" &

  # Report logging choice (if any).
  if [[ "${ENABLE_NODE_LOGGING-}" == "true" ]]; then
    echo "+++ Logging using Fluentd to ${LOGGING_DESTINATION:-unknown}"
  fi

  # Wait for last batch of jobs
  wait-for-jobs

  echo "Creating minions."

  # TODO(mbforbes): Refactor setting scope flags.
  local -a scope_flags=()
  if (( "${#MINION_SCOPES[@]}" > 0 )); then
    scope_flags=("--scopes" "${MINION_SCOPES[@]}")
  else
    scope_flags=("--no-scopes")
  fi

  write-node-env
  create-node-instance-template

  gcloud preview managed-instance-groups --zone "${ZONE}" \
      create "${NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX}-group" \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --base-instance-name "${NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX}" \
      --size "${NUM_MINIONS}" \
      --template "${NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX}-template" || true;
  # TODO: this should be true when the above create managed-instance-group
  # command returns, but currently it returns before the instances come up due
  # to gcloud's deficiency.
  wait-for-minions-to-run
  detect-minion-names
  detect-master

  echo "Waiting for cluster initialization."
  echo
  echo "  This will continually check to see if the API for kubernetes is reachable."
  echo "  This might loop forever if there was some uncaught error during start"
  echo "  up."
  echo

  until curl --cacert "${CERT_DIR}/pki/ca.crt" \
          -H "Authorization: Bearer ${KUBE_BEARER_TOKEN}" \
          --max-time 5 --fail --output /dev/null --silent \
          "https://${KUBE_MASTER_IP}/api/v1beta3/pods"; do
      printf "."
      sleep 2
  done

  echo "Kubernetes cluster created."

  export KUBE_CERT="${CERT_DIR}/pki/issued/kubecfg.crt"
  export KUBE_KEY="${CERT_DIR}/pki/private/kubecfg.key"
  export CA_CERT="${CERT_DIR}/pki/ca.crt"
  export CONTEXT="${PROJECT}_${INSTANCE_PREFIX}"
  (
   umask 077
   create-kubeconfig
  )

  echo
  echo -e "${color_green}Kubernetes cluster is running.  The master is running at:"
  echo
  echo -e "${color_yellow}  https://${KUBE_MASTER_IP}"
  echo
  echo -e "${color_green}The user name and password to use is located in ${KUBECONFIG}.${color_norm}"
  echo

}

# Delete a kubernetes cluster. This is called from test-teardown.
#
# Assumed vars:
#   MASTER_NAME
#   NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX
#   ZONE
# This function tears down cluster resources 10 at a time to avoid issuing too many
# API calls and exceeding API quota. It is important to bring down the instances before bringing
# down the firewall rules and routes.
function kube-down {
  detect-project

  echo "Bringing down cluster"
  set +e  # Do not stop on error

  # The gcloud APIs don't return machine parsable error codes/retry information. Therefore the best we can
  # do is parse the output and special case particular responses we are interested in.
  deleteCmdOutput=$(gcloud preview managed-instance-groups --zone "${ZONE}" delete \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --quiet \
    "${NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX}-group")
  if [[ "$deleteCmdOutput" != ""  ]]; then
    # Managed instance group deletion is done asyncronously, we must wait for it to complete, or subsequent steps fail
    deleteCmdOperationId=$(echo $deleteCmdOutput | grep "Operation:" | sed "s/.*Operation:[[:space:]]*\([^[:space:]]*\).*/\1/g")
    if [[ "$deleteCmdOperationId" != ""  ]]; then
      deleteCmdStatus="PENDING"
      while [[ "$deleteCmdStatus" != "DONE" ]]
      do
        sleep 5
        deleteCmdOperationOutput=$(gcloud preview managed-instance-groups --zone "${ZONE}" get-operation $deleteCmdOperationId)
        deleteCmdStatus=$(echo $deleteCmdOperationOutput | grep -i "status:" | sed "s/.*status:[[:space:]]*\([^[:space:]]*\).*/\1/g")
        echo "Waiting for MIG deletion to complete. Current status: " $deleteCmdStatus
      done
    fi
  fi

  gcloud compute instance-templates delete \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --quiet \
    "${NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX}-template"

  # First delete the master (if it exists).
  gcloud compute instances delete \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --quiet \
    --delete-disks all \
    --zone "${ZONE}" \
    "${MASTER_NAME}"

  # Delete the master pd (possibly leaked by kube-up if master create failed)
  gcloud compute disks delete \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --quiet \
    --zone "${ZONE}" \
    "${MASTER_NAME}"-pd

  # Find out what minions are running.
  local -a minions
  minions=( $(gcloud compute instances list \
                --project "${PROJECT}" --zone "${ZONE}" \
                --regexp "${NODE_INSTANCE_PREFIX}-.+" \
                | awk 'NR >= 2 { print $1 }') )
  # If any minions are running, delete them in batches.
  while (( "${#minions[@]}" > 0 )); do
    echo Deleting nodes "${minions[*]::10}"
    gcloud compute instances delete \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --quiet \
      --delete-disks boot \
      --zone "${ZONE}" \
      "${minions[@]::10}"
    minions=( "${minions[@]:10}" )
  done

  # Delete firewall rule for the master.
  gcloud compute firewall-rules delete  \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --quiet \
    "${MASTER_NAME}-https"

  # Delete firewall rule for minions.
  gcloud compute firewall-rules delete  \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --quiet \
    "${MINION_TAG}-all"

  # Delete routes.
  local -a routes
  # Clean up all routes w/ names like "<cluster-name>-<node-GUID>"
  # e.g. "kubernetes-12345678-90ab-cdef-1234-567890abcdef"
  routes=( $(gcloud compute routes list --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --regexp "${INSTANCE_PREFIX}-.{8}-.{4}-.{4}-.{4}-.{12}" | awk 'NR >= 2 { print $1 }') )
  routes+=("${MASTER_NAME}")
  while (( "${#routes[@]}" > 0 )); do
    echo Deleting routes "${routes[*]::10}"
    gcloud compute routes delete \
      --project "${PROJECT}" \
      --quiet \
      "${routes[@]::10}"
    routes=( "${routes[@]:10}" )
  done

  # Delete the master's reserved IP
  local REGION=${ZONE%-*}
  gcloud compute addresses delete \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --region "${REGION}" \
    --quiet \
    "${MASTER_NAME}-ip"

  export CONTEXT="${PROJECT}_${INSTANCE_PREFIX}"
  clear-kubeconfig
  set -e
}

# Update a kubernetes cluster with latest source
function kube-push {
  #TODO(dawnchen): figure out how to upgrade coreos node
  if [[ "${OS_DISTRIBUTION}" != "debian" ]]; then
    echo "Updating a kubernetes cluster with ${OS_DISTRIBUTION} is not supported yet." >&2
    return
  fi

  OUTPUT=${KUBE_ROOT}/_output/logs
  mkdir -p ${OUTPUT}

  ensure-temp-dir
  detect-project
  detect-master
  detect-minion-names
  get-password
  get-bearer-token

  # Make sure we have the tar files staged on Google Storage
  find-release-tars
  upload-server-tars

  echo "Updating master metadata ..."
  write-master-env
  add-instance-metadata-from-file "${KUBE_MASTER}" "kube-env=${KUBE_TEMP}/master-kube-env.yaml" "startup-script=${KUBE_ROOT}/cluster/gce/configure-vm.sh"

  echo "Pushing to master (log at ${OUTPUT}/kube-push-${KUBE_MASTER}.log) ..."
  cat ${KUBE_ROOT}/cluster/gce/configure-vm.sh | gcloud compute ssh --ssh-flag="-o LogLevel=quiet" --project "${PROJECT}" --zone "${ZONE}" "${KUBE_MASTER}" --command "sudo bash -s -- --push" &> ${OUTPUT}/kube-push-"${KUBE_MASTER}".log

  kube-update-nodes push

  # TODO(zmerlynn): Re-create instance-template with the new
  # node-kube-env. This isn't important until the node-ip-range issue
  # is solved (because that's blocking automatic dynamic nodes from
  # working). The node-kube-env has to be composed with the KUBELET_TOKEN
  # and KUBE_PROXY_TOKEN.  Ideally we would have
  # https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/issues/3168
  # implemented before then, though, so avoiding this mess until then.

  echo
  echo "Kubernetes cluster is running.  The master is running at:"
  echo
  echo "  https://${KUBE_MASTER_IP}"
  echo
  echo "The user name and password to use is located in ~/.kube/config"
  echo
}

# Push or upgrade nodes.
#
# TODO: This really needs to trampoline somehow to the configure-vm.sh
# from the .tar.gz that we're actually pushing onto the node, because
# that configuration shifts over versions. Right now, we're blasting
# the configure-vm from our version instead.
#
# Assumed vars:
#  KUBE_ROOT
#  MINION_NAMES
#  KUBE_TEMP
#  PROJECT
#  ZONE
function kube-update-nodes() {
  action=${1}

  OUTPUT=${KUBE_ROOT}/_output/logs
  mkdir -p ${OUTPUT}

  echo "Updating node metadata... "
  write-node-env
  for (( i=0; i<${#MINION_NAMES[@]}; i++)); do
    add-instance-metadata-from-file "${MINION_NAMES[$i]}" "kube-env=${KUBE_TEMP}/node-kube-env.yaml" "startup-script=${KUBE_ROOT}/cluster/gce/configure-vm.sh" &
  done
  wait-for-jobs
  echo "Done"

  for (( i=0; i<${#MINION_NAMES[@]}; i++)); do
    echo "Starting ${action} on node (log at ${OUTPUT}/kube-${action}-${MINION_NAMES[$i]}.log) ..."
    cat ${KUBE_ROOT}/cluster/gce/configure-vm.sh | gcloud compute ssh --ssh-flag="-o LogLevel=quiet" --project "${PROJECT}" --zone "${ZONE}" "${MINION_NAMES[$i]}" --command "sudo bash -s -- --push" &> ${OUTPUT}/kube-${action}-"${MINION_NAMES[$i]}".log &
  done

  echo -n "Waiting..."
  wait-for-jobs
  echo "Done"
}

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Cluster specific test helpers used from hack/e2e-test.sh

# Execute prior to running tests to build a release if required for env.
#
# Assumed Vars:
#   KUBE_ROOT
function test-build-release {
  # Make a release
  "${KUBE_ROOT}/build/release.sh"
}

# Execute prior to running tests to initialize required structure. This is
# called from hack/e2e.go only when running -up (it is run after kube-up).
#
# Assumed vars:
#   Variables from config.sh
function test-setup {
  # Detect the project into $PROJECT if it isn't set
  detect-project

  # Open up port 80 & 8080 so common containers on minions can be reached
  # TODO(roberthbailey): Remove this once we are no longer relying on hostPorts.
  gcloud compute firewall-rules create \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --target-tags "${MINION_TAG}" \
    --allow tcp:80 tcp:8080 \
    --network "${NETWORK}" \
    "${MINION_TAG}-${INSTANCE_PREFIX}-http-alt"

  # Open up the NodePort range
  # TODO(justinsb): Move to main setup, if we decide whether we want to do this by default.
  gcloud compute firewall-rules create \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --target-tags "${MINION_TAG}" \
    --allow tcp:30000-32767,udp:30000-32767 \
    --network "${NETWORK}" \
    "${MINION_TAG}-${INSTANCE_PREFIX}-nodeports"
}

# Execute after running tests to perform any required clean-up. This is called
# from hack/e2e.go
function test-teardown {
  detect-project
  echo "Shutting down test cluster in background."
  gcloud compute firewall-rules delete  \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --quiet \
    "${MINION_TAG}-${INSTANCE_PREFIX}-http-alt" || true
  gcloud compute firewall-rules delete  \
    --project "${PROJECT}" \
    --quiet \
    "${MINION_TAG}-${INSTANCE_PREFIX}-nodeports" || true
  "${KUBE_ROOT}/cluster/kube-down.sh"
}

# SSH to a node by name ($1) and run a command ($2).
function ssh-to-node {
  local node="$1"
  local cmd="$2"
  # Loop until we can successfully ssh into the box
  for try in $(seq 1 5); do
    if gcloud compute ssh --ssh-flag="-o LogLevel=quiet" --project "${PROJECT}" --zone="${ZONE}" "${node}" --command "echo test > /dev/null"; then
      break
    fi
    sleep 5
  done
  # Then actually try the command.
  gcloud compute ssh --ssh-flag="-o LogLevel=quiet" --project "${PROJECT}" --zone="${ZONE}" "${node}" --command "${cmd}"
}

# Restart the kube-proxy on a node ($1)
function restart-kube-proxy {
  ssh-to-node "$1" "sudo /etc/init.d/kube-proxy restart"
}

# Restart the kube-apiserver on a node ($1)
function restart-apiserver {
  ssh-to-node "$1" "sudo docker ps | grep /kube-apiserver | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | xargs sudo docker kill"
}

# Perform preparations required to run e2e tests
function prepare-e2e() {
  detect-project
}