mirror of https://github.com/hashicorp/consul
135 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
135 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
layout: "docs"
|
|
page_title: "Anti-Entropy"
|
|
sidebar_current: "docs-internals-anti-entropy"
|
|
description: >
|
|
This section details the process and use of anti-entropy in Consul.
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Anti-Entropy
|
|
|
|
Consul uses an advanced method of maintaining service and health information.
|
|
This page details how services and checks are registered, how the catalog is
|
|
populated, and how health status information is updated as it changes.
|
|
|
|
~> **Advanced Topic!** This page covers technical details of
|
|
the internals of Consul. You don't need to know these details to effectively
|
|
operate and use Consul. These details are documented here for those who wish
|
|
to learn about them without having to go spelunking through the source code.
|
|
|
|
### Components
|
|
|
|
It is important to first understand the moving pieces involved in services and
|
|
health checks: the [agent](#agent) and the [catalog](#catalog). These are
|
|
described conceptually below to make anti-entropy easier to understand.
|
|
|
|
<a name="agent"></a>
|
|
#### Agent
|
|
|
|
Each Consul agent maintains its own set of service and check registrations as
|
|
well as health information. The agents are responsible for executing their own
|
|
health checks and updating their local state.
|
|
|
|
Services and checks within the context of an agent have a rich set of
|
|
configuration options available. This is because the agent is responsible for
|
|
generating information about its services and their health through the use of
|
|
[health checks](/docs/agent/checks.html).
|
|
|
|
<a name="catalog"></a>
|
|
#### Catalog
|
|
|
|
Consul's service discovery is backed by a service catalog. This catalog is
|
|
formed by aggregating information submitted by the agents. The catalog maintains
|
|
the high-level view of the cluster, including which services are available,
|
|
which nodes run those services, health information, and more. The catalog is
|
|
used to expose this information via the various interfaces Consul provides,
|
|
including DNS and HTTP.
|
|
|
|
Services and checks within the context of the catalog have a much more limited
|
|
set of fields when compared with the agent. This is because the catalog is only
|
|
responsible for recording and returning information *about* services, nodes, and
|
|
health.
|
|
|
|
The catalog is maintained only by server nodes. This is because the catalog is
|
|
replicated via the [Raft log](/docs/internals/consensus.html) to provide a
|
|
consolidated and consistent view of the cluster.
|
|
|
|
<a name="anti-entropy"></a>
|
|
### Anti-Entropy
|
|
|
|
Consul has a clear separation between the global service catalog and the agent
|
|
local state as discussed above. Reconciling these two is done using an
|
|
anti-entropy mechanism.
|
|
|
|
Anti-entropy is a syncronization of the local agent state and the catalog. For
|
|
example, when a user registers a new service or check with the agent, the agent
|
|
in turn notifies the catalog that this new check exists. Similarly, when a check
|
|
is deleted from the agent, it is consequently removed from the catalog as well.
|
|
|
|
Anti-entropy is also used to update availability information. As agents run
|
|
their health checks, their status may change, in which case their new status
|
|
is synced to the catalog. Using this information, the catalog can respond
|
|
intelligently to queries about its nodes and services based on their
|
|
availability.
|
|
|
|
During this synchronization, the catalog is also checked for correctness. If
|
|
any services or checks exist in the catalog that the agent is not aware of, they
|
|
will be automatically removed to make the catalog reflect the proper set of
|
|
services and health information for that agent. Consul treats the state of the
|
|
agent as authoritative, meaning if there are any differences between the agent
|
|
and catalog view, the agent local view will always be used.
|
|
|
|
### Periodic Synchronization
|
|
|
|
In addition to running when changes to the agent occur, anti-entropy is also a
|
|
long-running process which periodically wakes up to sync service and check
|
|
status to the catalog. This ensures that the catalog closely matches the agent's
|
|
true state. This also allows Consul to re-populate the service catalog even in
|
|
the case of complete data loss.
|
|
|
|
The amount of time between periodic anti-entropy runs will vary based on cluster
|
|
size to avoid saturation. The table below describes the periodic sync times and
|
|
how they change as the Consul cluster grows.
|
|
|
|
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Cluster Size</th>
|
|
<th>Periodic Sync Interval</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>1 - 128</td>
|
|
<td>1 minute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>129 - 256</td>
|
|
<td>2 minutes</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>257 - 512</td>
|
|
<td>3 minutes</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>513 - 1024</td>
|
|
<td>4 minutes</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>...</td>
|
|
<td>...</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
The intervals above are approximate. Each Consul agent will choose a randomly
|
|
staggered start time within the interval window to avoid a thundering herd.
|
|
|
|
### Best-effort sync
|
|
|
|
Anti-entropy can fail in a number of cases, including misconfiguration of the
|
|
agent or its operating environment, I/O problems (full disk, filesystem
|
|
permission, etc.), networking problems (agent cannot communicate with server),
|
|
among others. Because of this, the agent attempts to sync in best-effort
|
|
fashion.
|
|
|
|
If an error is encountered during an anti-entropy run, the error is logged and
|
|
the agent continues to run. The anti-entropy mechanism is run periodically to
|
|
automatically recover from these types of transient failures.
|