consul/website/source/docs/acl/auth-methods/kubernetes.html.md

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---
layout: "docs"
page_title: "Kubernetes Auth Method"
sidebar_current: "docs-acl-auth-methods-kubernetes"
description: |-
The Kubernetes auth method type allows for a Kubernetes service account token to be used to authenticate to Consul. This method of authentication makes it easy to introduce a Consul token into a Kubernetes pod.
---
-> **1.5.0+:** This guide only applies in Consul versions 1.5.0 and newer.
# Kubernetes Auth Method
The `kubernetes` auth method type allows for a Kubernetes service account token
to be used to authenticate to Consul. This method of authentication makes it
easy to introduce a Consul token into a Kubernetes pod.
This page assumes general knowledge of [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/) and
the concepts described in the main [auth method
documentation](/docs/acl/acl-auth-methods.html).
## Config Parameters
The following auth method [`Config`](/api/acl/auth-methods.html#config)
parameters are required to properly configure an auth method of type
`kubernetes`:
- `Host` `(string: <required>)` - Must be a host string, a host:port pair, or a
URL to the base of the Kubernetes API server.
- `CACert` `(string: <required>)` - PEM encoded CA cert for use by the TLS
client used to talk with the Kubernetes API. NOTE: Every line must end with a
newline (`\n`).
- `ServiceAccountJWT` `(string: <required>)` - A Service Account Token
([JWT](https://jwt.io/ "JSON Web Token")) used by the Consul leader to
validate application JWTs during login.
### Sample Config
```json
{
...other fields...
"Config": {
"Host": "https://192.0.2.42:8443",
"CACert": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n...-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",
"ServiceAccountJWT": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9..."
}
}
```
## RBAC
The Kubernetes service account corresponding to the configured
[`ServiceAccountJWT`](/docs/acl/auth-methods/kubernetes.html#serviceaccountjwt)
needs to have access to two Kubernetes APIs:
- [**TokenReview**](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.11/#create-tokenreview-v1-authentication-k8s-io)
-> Kubernetes should be running with `--service-account-lookup`. This is
defaulted to true in Kubernetes 1.7, but any versions prior should ensure
the Kubernetes API server is started with this setting.
- [**ServiceAccount**](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.11/#read-serviceaccount-v1-core)
(`get`)
The following is an example
[RBAC](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/)
configuration snippet to grant the necessary permissions to a service account
named `consul-auth-method-example`:
```yaml
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: review-tokens
namespace: default
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: consul-auth-method-example
namespace: default
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:auth-delegator
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: service-account-getter
namespace: default
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["serviceaccounts"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: get-service-accounts
namespace: default
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: consul-auth-method-example
namespace: default
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: service-account-getter
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
```
## Trusted Identity Attributes
The authentication step returns the following trusted identity attributes for
use in binding rule selectors and bind name interpolation.
| Attributes | Supported Selector Operations | Can be Interpolated |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| `serviceaccount.namespace` | Equal, Not Equal | yes |
| `serviceaccount.name` | Equal, Not Equal | yes |
| `serviceaccount.uid` | Equal, Not Equal | yes |
## Kubernetes Authentication Details
Initially the
[`ServiceAccountJWT`](/docs/acl/auth-methods/kubernetes.html#serviceaccountjwt)
given to the Consul leader uses the TokenReview API to validate the provided
JWT. The trusted attributes of `serviceaccount.namespace`,
`serviceaccount.name`, and `serviceaccount.uid` are populated directly from the
Service Account metadata.
The Consul leader makes an additional query, this time to the ServiceAccount
API to check for the existence of an annotation of
`consul.hashicorp.com/service-name` on the ServiceAccount object. If one is
found its value will override the trusted attribute of `serviceaccount.name`
for the purposes of evaluating any binding rules.