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docs HTTP API docs-agent-http The main interface to Consul is a RESTful HTTP API. The API can be used to perform CRUD operations on nodes, services, checks, configuration, and more. The endpoints are versioned to enable changes without breaking backwards compatibility.

HTTP API

The main interface to Consul is a RESTful HTTP API. The API can be used to perform CRUD operations on nodes, services, checks, configuration, and more. The endpoints are versioned to enable changes without breaking backwards compatibility.

Each endpoint manages a different aspect of Consul:

  • kv - Key/Value store
  • agent - Consul Agent
  • catalog - Nodes and services
  • health - Health checks
  • session - Sessions
  • acl - Access Control Lists
  • event - User Events
  • status - Consul system status
  • internal - Internal APIs. Purposely undocumented, subject to change.

Each of these is documented in detail at the links above.

Blocking Queries

Certain endpoints support a feature called a "blocking query." A blocking query is used to wait for a potential change using long polling.

Not all endpoints support blocking, but those that do are clearly designated in the documentation. Any endpoint that supports blocking will also set the HTTP header X-Consul-Index, a unique identifier representing the current state of the requested resource. On subsequent requests for this resource, the client can set the index query string parameter to the value of X-Consul-Index, indicating that the client wishes to wait for any changes subsequent to that index.

In addition to index, endpoints that support blocking will also honor a wait parameter specifying a maximum duration for the blocking request. This is limited to 10 minutes. If not set, the wait time defaults to 5 minutes. This value can be specified in the form of "10s" or "5m" (i.e., 10 seconds or 5 minutes, respectively).

A critical note is that the return of a blocking request is no guarantee of a change. It is possible that the timeout was reached or that there was an idempotent write that does not affect the result of the query.

Consistency Modes

Most of the read query endpoints support multiple levels of consistency. Since no policy will suit all clients' needs, these consistency modes allow the user to have the ultimate say in how to balance the trade-offs inherent in a distributed system.

The three read modes are:

  • default - If not specified, the default is strongly consistent in almost all cases. However, there is a small window in which a new leader may be elected during which the old leader may service stale values. The trade-off is fast reads but potentially stale values. The condition resulting in stale reads is hard to trigger, and most clients should not need to worry about this case. Also, note that this race condition only applies to reads, not writes.

  • consistent - This mode is strongly consistent without caveats. It requires that a leader verify with a quorum of peers that it is still leader. This introduces an additional round-trip to all server nodes. The trade-off is increased latency due to an extra round trip. Most clients should not use this unless they cannot tolerate a stale read.

  • stale - This mode allows any server to service the read regardless of whether it is the leader. This means reads can be arbitrarily stale; however, results are generally consistent to within 50 milliseconds of the leader. The trade-off is very fast and scalable reads with a higher likelihood of stale values. Since this mode allows reads without a leader, a cluster that is unavailable will still be able to respond to queries.

To switch these modes, either the stale or consistent query parameters should be provided on requests. It is an error to provide both.

To support bounding the acceptable staleness of data, responses provide the X-Consul-LastContact header containing the time in milliseconds that a server was last contacted by the leader node. The X-Consul-KnownLeader header also indicates if there is a known leader. These can be used by clients to gauge the staleness of a result and take appropriate action.

Formatted JSON Output

By default, the output of all HTTP API requests is minimized JSON. If the client passes pretty on the query string, formatted JSON will be returned.

ACLs

Several endpoints in Consul use or require ACL tokens to operate. An agent can be configured to use a default token in requests using the acl_token configuration option. However, the token can also be specified per-request by using the X-Consul-Token request header or the token querystring parameter. The request header takes precedence over the default token, and the querystring parameter takes precedence over everything.