Bump Alpine to 3.18 (#17719)

* Update Dockerfile

* Create 17719.txt

.changelog/17719.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```release-note:security
+Bump Dockerfile base image to `alpine:3.18`. 
+ ```

Dockerfile

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # Official docker image that includes binaries from releases.hashicorp.com. This
 # downloads the release from releases.hashicorp.com and therefore requires that
 # the release is published before building the Docker image.
-FROM docker.mirror.hashicorp.services/alpine:3.17 as official
+FROM docker.mirror.hashicorp.services/alpine:3.18 as official
 
 # This is the release of Consul to pull in.
 ARG VERSION
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ CMD ["agent", "-dev", "-client", "0.0.0.0"]
 
 # Production docker image that uses CI built binaries.
 # Remember, this image cannot be built locally.
-FROM docker.mirror.hashicorp.services/alpine:3.17 as default
+FROM docker.mirror.hashicorp.services/alpine:3.18 as default
 
 ARG PRODUCT_VERSION
 ARG BIN_NAME