2023-02-09 06:21:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# 2.5D 张量并行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
作者: Zhengda Bian, Yongbin Li
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**前置教程**
|
|
|
|
|
- [定义配置文件](../basics/define_your_config.md)
|
|
|
|
|
- [并行配置](../basics/configure_parallelization.md)
|
|
|
|
|
- [1D 张量并行](./1D_tensor_parallel.md)
|
|
|
|
|
- [2D 张量并行](./2D_tensor_parallel.md)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**示例代码**
|
2023-05-18 06:16:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
- [ColossalAI-Examples - 2.5D Tensor Parallelism](https://github.com/hpcaitech/ColossalAI-Examples/blob/main/features/tensor_parallel/README.md)
|
2023-02-09 06:21:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**相关论文**
|
|
|
|
|
- [2.5-dimensional distributed model training](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14500.pdf)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 引言
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
与一维张量并行相比,二维并行降低了内存成本,但可能引入更多的通信。因此,[2.5D张量并行](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14500.pdf) 在 2.5D SUMMA 的基础上被提出,它通过使用更多的设备来减少通信。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们还是以线性层 $Y = XA$ 为例。
|
|
|
|
|
给定 $P=q \times q \times d$ 个处理器(必要条件), 如 $q=d=2$, 我们把输入 $X$ 划分为 $d\times q$ 行和 $q$ 列
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
2023-05-18 06:16:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\left[\begin{matrix} X_{00} & X_{01} \\ X_{10} & X_{11} \\ X_{20} & X_{21} \\ X_{30} & X_{31}\end{matrix} \right],
|
2023-02-09 06:21:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
它可以被重塑为 $d$ 层
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
2023-05-18 06:16:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\left[\begin{matrix} X_{00} & X_{01} \\ X_{10} & X_{11} \end{matrix} \right] \text{~and~}\left[\begin{matrix} X_{20} & X_{21} \\ X_{30} & X_{31} \end{matrix} \right].
|
2023-02-09 06:21:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
另外,权重 $A$ 被分割为
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
2023-05-18 06:16:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\left[\begin{matrix} A_{00} & A_{01} \\ A_{10} & A_{11} \end{matrix} \right].
|
2023-02-09 06:21:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
对于 $X$ 相关的每一层, 我们使用SUMMA算法将 $X$ 与 $A$ 相乘。
|
|
|
|
|
然后,我们得到输出
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
2023-05-18 06:16:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\left[\begin{matrix} Y_{00}=X_{00}A_{00}+X_{01}A_{10} & Y_{01}=X_{00}A_{01}+X_{01}A_{11} \\ Y_{10}=X_{10}A_{00}+X_{11}A_{10} & Y_{11}=X_{10}A_{01}+X_{11}A_{11} \end{matrix} \right]
|
2023-02-09 06:21:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\text{~and~}
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
2023-05-18 06:16:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\left[\begin{matrix} Y_{20}=X_{20}A_{00}+X_{21}A_{10} & Y_{21}=X_{20}A_{01}+X_{21}A_{11} \\ Y_{30}=X_{30}A_{00}+X_{31}A_{10} & Y_{31}=X_{30}A_{01}+X_{31}A_{11} \end{matrix} \right].
|
2023-02-09 06:21:38 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 效率
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
给定 $P=q \times q \times d$ 个处理器, 我们展现理论上的计算和内存成本,以及基于环形算法的2.5D张量并行的前向和后向的通信成本。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 计算 | 内存 (参数) | 内存 (activations) | 通信 (带宽) | 通信 (时延) |
|
|
|
|
|
| :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: |
|
|
|
|
|
| $O(1/dq^2)$ | $O(1/q^2)$ | $O(1/dq^2)$ | $\small O(3(q-1)(d+1)/dq)$ | $O(6(q-1))$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 使用
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
为了使我们的模型能够实现2.5D张量并行,例如在8个 GPU 上,我们需要配置如下的并行设置。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIG = dict(parallel=dict(
|
|
|
|
|
data=1,
|
|
|
|
|
pipeline=1,
|
|
|
|
|
tensor=dict(size=8, mode='2.5d', depth=2),
|
|
|
|
|
))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
然后 Colossal-AI 会自动对所有来自 `colossalai.nn` 的层应用2.5D张量并行。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
让我们定义一个由两层多层感知器 (MLP) 组成的模型,如下所示。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
import colossalai
|
|
|
|
|
import colossalai.nn as col_nn
|
|
|
|
|
import torch
|
|
|
|
|
from colossalai.utils import print_rank_0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class MLP(torch.nn.Module):
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, dim: int = 256):
|
|
|
|
|
super().__init__()
|
|
|
|
|
intermediate_dim = dim * 4
|
|
|
|
|
self.dense_1 = col_nn.Linear(dim, intermediate_dim)
|
|
|
|
|
print_rank_0(f'Weight of the first linear layer: {self.dense_1.weight.shape}')
|
|
|
|
|
self.activation = torch.nn.GELU()
|
|
|
|
|
self.dense_2 = col_nn.Linear(intermediate_dim, dim)
|
|
|
|
|
print_rank_0(f'Weight of the second linear layer: {self.dense_2.weight.shape}')
|
|
|
|
|
self.dropout = col_nn.Dropout(0.1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def forward(self, x):
|
|
|
|
|
x = self.dense_1(x)
|
|
|
|
|
print_rank_0(f'Output of the first linear layer: {x.shape}')
|
|
|
|
|
x = self.activation(x)
|
|
|
|
|
x = self.dense_2(x)
|
|
|
|
|
print_rank_0(f'Output of the second linear layer: {x.shape}')
|
|
|
|
|
x = self.dropout(x)
|
|
|
|
|
return x
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
在8个 GPU 上启动 Colossal-AI 并建立模型。
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
parser = colossalai.get_default_parser()
|
|
|
|
|
colossalai.launch(config=CONFIG,
|
|
|
|
|
rank=args.rank,
|
|
|
|
|
world_size=args.world_size,
|
|
|
|
|
local_rank=args.local_rank,
|
|
|
|
|
host=args.host,
|
|
|
|
|
port=args.port)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
m = MLP()
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
我们将会看到 MLP 模型中被划分的参数(如权重)的形状。
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
Weight of the first linear layer: torch.Size([128, 512])
|
|
|
|
|
Weight of the second linear layer: torch.Size([512, 128])
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
第一个线性层的完整权重形状应该为 `[256, 1024]`. 经过2.5D并行划分后,它在每个 GPU 上变成了 `[128, 512]` 。
|
|
|
|
|
同样地,第二层将权重 `[1024, 256]` 划分为 `[512, 128]`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们可以用一些随机输入来运行这个模型。
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
from colossalai.context import ParallelMode
|
|
|
|
|
from colossalai.core import global_context as gpc
|
|
|
|
|
from colossalai.utils import get_current_device
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x = torch.randn((16, 256), device=get_current_device())
|
|
|
|
|
# partition input
|
|
|
|
|
torch.distributed.broadcast(x, src=0)
|
|
|
|
|
x = torch.chunk(x, 2, dim=0)[gpc.get_local_rank(ParallelMode.PARALLEL_2P5D_DEP)]
|
|
|
|
|
x = torch.chunk(x, 2, dim=0)[gpc.get_local_rank(ParallelMode.PARALLEL_2P5D_COL)]
|
|
|
|
|
x = torch.chunk(x, 2, dim=-1)[gpc.get_local_rank(ParallelMode.PARALLEL_2P5D_ROW)]
|
|
|
|
|
print_rank_0(f'Input: {x.shape}')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x = m(x)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
然后我们可以看到 activation 结果的形状。
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
Input: torch.Size([4, 128])
|
|
|
|
|
Output of the first linear layer: torch.Size([4, 512])
|
|
|
|
|
Output of the second linear layer: torch.Size([4, 128])
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
2.5D并行中的 activation 张量都是同时在$d \times q$行和$q$列分割的。例如,第一个线性层的输出是 `[4, 512]`, 而第二层的输出为 `[4, 128]`。
|
|
|
|
|
注意,2.5D并行使用与2D并行相同的划分方法来处理权重,区别在于对输入的划分。
|