From 3fe88527fc88b51f286fa01c2af030e85a92904b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Mon, 21 Dec 2015 00:10:41 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 01/17] started translating from English to Turkish --- README-tr.md | 527 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 527 insertions(+) create mode 100644 README-tr.md diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..939c62e --- /dev/null +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -0,0 +1,527 @@ +[ Diller: +[İngilizce](README.md), [İspanyolca](README-es.md), [İtalyanca](README-it.md), [Japonca](README-ja.md), [Korece](README-ko.md), [Portekizce](README-pt.md), [Rusça](README-ru.md), [Slovakça](README-sl.md), [Ukraynaca](README-uk.md), [Çince](README-zh.md) +] + + +# Komut İstemi Sanati + +[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) + +- [Meta](#meta) +- [Basics](#basics) +- [Everyday use](#everyday-use) +- [Processing files and data](#processing-files-and-data) +- [System debugging](#system-debugging) +- [One-liners](#one-liners) +- [Obscure but useful](#obscure-but-useful) +- [MacOS X only](#macos-x-only) +- [More resources](#more-resources) +- [Disclaimer](#disclaimer) + + +![curl -s 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line/master/README.md' | egrep -o '`\w+`' | tr -d '`' | cowsay -W50](cowsay.png) + +Fluency on the command line is a skill often neglected or considered arcane, but it improves your flexibility and productivity as an engineer in both obvious and subtle ways. This is a selection of notes and tips on using the command-line that we've found useful when working on Linux. Some tips are elementary, and some are fairly specific, sophisticated, or obscure. This page is not long, but if you can use and recall all the items here, you know a lot. + +This work is the result of [many authors and translators](AUTHORS.md). +Much of this +[originally](http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-lesser-known-but-useful-Unix-commands) +[appeared](http://www.quora.com/What-are-the-most-useful-Swiss-army-knife-one-liners-on-Unix) +on [Quora](http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-time-saving-tips-that-every-Linux-user-should-know), +but given the interest there, it seemed worth using GitHub, where people more talented than the original author could readily suggest improvements. If you see an error or something that could be better, please submit an issue or PR! (Of course please review the meta section and existing PRs/issues first.) + + +## Meta + +Scope: + +- This guide is both for beginners and the experienced. The goals are *breadth* (everything important), *specificity* (give concrete examples of the most common case), and *brevity* (avoid things that aren't essential or digressions you can easily look up elsewhere). Every tip is essential in some situation or significantly saves time over alternatives. +- This is written for Linux, with the exception of the "[MacOS X only](#macos-x-only)" section. Many of the other items apply or can be installed on other Unices or MacOS (or even Cygwin). +- The focus is on interactive Bash, though many tips apply to other shells and to general Bash scripting. +- It includes both "standard" Unix commands as well as ones that require special package installs -- so long as they are important enough to merit inclusion. + +Notes: + +- To keep this to one page, content is implicitly included by reference. You're smart enough to look up more detail elsewhere once you know the idea or command to Google. Use `apt-get`/`yum`/`dnf`/`pacman`/`pip`/`brew` (as appropriate) to install new programs. +- Use [Explainshell](http://explainshell.com/) to get a helpful breakdown of what commands, options, pipes etc. do. + + +## Basics + +- Learn basic Bash. Actually, type `man bash` and at least skim the whole thing; it's pretty easy to follow and not that long. Alternate shells can be nice, but Bash is powerful and always available (learning *only* zsh, fish, etc., while tempting on your own laptop, restricts you in many situations, such as using existing servers). + +- Learn at least one text-based editor well. Ideally Vim (`vi`), as there's really no competition for random editing in a terminal (even if you use Emacs, a big IDE, or a modern hipster editor most of the time). + +- Know how to read documentation with `man` (for the inquisitive, `man man` lists the section numbers, e.g. 1 is "regular" commands, 5 is files/conventions, and 8 are for administration). Find man pages with `apropos`. Know that some commands are not executables, but Bash builtins, and that you can get help on them with `help` and `help -d`. + +- Learn about redirection of output and input using `>` and `<` and pipes using `|`. Know `>` overwrites the output file and `>>` appends. Learn about stdout and stderr. + +- Learn about file glob expansion with `*` (and perhaps `?` and `[`...`]`) and quoting and the difference between double `"` and single `'` quotes. (See more on variable expansion below.) + +- Be familiar with Bash job management: `&`, **ctrl-z**, **ctrl-c**, `jobs`, `fg`, `bg`, `kill`, etc. + +- Know `ssh`, and the basics of passwordless authentication, via `ssh-agent`, `ssh-add`, etc. + +- Basic file management: `ls` and `ls -l` (in particular, learn what every column in `ls -l` means), `less`, `head`, `tail` and `tail -f` (or even better, `less +F`), `ln` and `ln -s` (learn the differences and advantages of hard versus soft links), `chown`, `chmod`, `du` (for a quick summary of disk usage: `du -hs *`). For filesystem management, `df`, `mount`, `fdisk`, `mkfs`, `lsblk`. Learn what an inode is (`ls -i` or `df -i`). + +- Basic network management: `ip` or `ifconfig`, `dig`. + +- Know regular expressions well, and the various flags to `grep`/`egrep`. The `-i`, `-o`, `-v`, `-A`, `-B`, and `-C` options are worth knowing. + +- Learn to use `apt-get`, `yum`, `dnf` or `pacman` (depending on distro) to find and install packages. And make sure you have `pip` to install Python-based command-line tools (a few below are easiest to install via `pip`). + + +## Everyday use + +- In Bash, use **Tab** to complete arguments or list all available commands and **ctrl-r** to search through command history (after pressing, type to search, press **ctrl-r** repeatedly to cycle through more matches, press **Enter** to execute the found command, or hit the right arrow to put the result in the current line to allow editing). + +- In Bash, use **ctrl-w** to delete the last word, and **ctrl-u** to delete all the way back to the start of the line. Use **alt-b** and **alt-f** to move by word, **ctrl-a** to move cursor to beginning of line, **ctrl-e** to move cursor to end of line, **ctrl-k** to kill to the end of the line, **ctrl-l** to clear the screen. See `man readline` for all the default keybindings in Bash. There are a lot. For example **alt-.** cycles through previous arguments, and **alt-*** expands a glob. + + +- Alternatively, if you love vi-style key-bindings, use `set -o vi` (and `set -o emacs` to put it back). + +- For editing long commands, after setting your editor (for example `export EDITOR=vim`), **ctrl-x** **ctrl-e** will open the current command in an editor for multi-line editing. Or in vi style, **escape-v**. + +- To see recent commands, `history`. There are also many abbreviations such as `!$` (last argument) and `!!` last command, though these are often easily replaced with **ctrl-r** and **alt-.**. + +- To go back to the previous working directory: `cd -` + +- If you are halfway through typing a command but change your mind, hit **alt-#** to add a `#` at the beginning and enter it as a comment (or use **ctrl-a**, **#**, **enter**). You can then return to it later via command history. + +- Use `xargs` (or `parallel`). It's very powerful. Note you can control how many items execute per line (`-L`) as well as parallelism (`-P`). If you're not sure if it'll do the right thing, use `xargs echo` first. Also, `-I{}` is handy. Examples: +```bash + find . -name '*.py' | xargs grep some_function + cat hosts | xargs -I{} ssh root@{} hostname +``` + +- `pstree -p` is a helpful display of the process tree. + +- Use `pgrep` and `pkill` to find or signal processes by name (`-f` is helpful). + +- Know the various signals you can send processes. For example, to suspend a process, use `kill -STOP [pid]`. For the full list, see `man 7 signal` + +- Use `nohup` or `disown` if you want a background process to keep running forever. + +- Check what processes are listening via `netstat -lntp` or `ss -plat` (for TCP; add `-u` for UDP). + +- See also `lsof` for open sockets and files. + +- See `uptime` or `w` to know the how long the system has been running. + +- Use `alias` to create shortcuts for commonly used commands. For example, `alias ll='ls -latr'` creates a new alias `ll`. + +- In Bash scripts, use `set -x` (or the variant `set -v`, which logs raw input, including unexpanded variables and comments) for debugging output. Use strict modes unless you have a good reason not to: Use `set -e` to abort on errors (nonzero exit code). Use `set -u` to detect unset variable usages. Consider `set -o pipefail` too, to on errors within pipes, too (though read up on it more if you do, as this topic is a bit subtle). For more involved scripts, also use `trap` on EXIT or ERR. A useful habit is to start a script like this, which will make it detect and abort on common errors and print a message: +```bash + set -euo pipefail + trap "echo 'error: Script failed: see failed command above'" ERR +``` + +- In Bash scripts, subshells (written with parentheses) are convenient ways to group commands. A common example is to temporarily move to a different working directory, e.g. +```bash + # do something in current dir + (cd /some/other/dir && other-command) + # continue in original dir +``` + +- In Bash, note there are lots of kinds of variable expansion. Checking a variable exists: `${name:?error message}`. For example, if a Bash script requires a single argument, just write `input_file=${1:?usage: $0 input_file}`. Arithmetic expansion: `i=$(( (i + 1) % 5 ))`. Sequences: `{1..10}`. Trimming of strings: `${var%suffix}` and `${var#prefix}`. For example if `var=foo.pdf`, then `echo ${var%.pdf}.txt` prints `foo.txt`. + +- Brace expansion using `{`...`}` can reduce having to re-type similar text and automate combinations of items. This is helpful in examples like `mv foo.{txt,pdf} some-dir` (which moves both files), `cp somefile{,.bak}` (which expands to `cp somefile somefile.bak`) or `mkdir -p test-{a,b,c}/subtest-{1,2,3}` (which expands all possible combinations and creates a directory tree). + +- The output of a command can be treated like a file via `<(some command)`. For example, compare local `/etc/hosts` with a remote one: +```sh + diff /etc/hosts <(ssh somehost cat /etc/hosts) +``` + +- Know about "here documents" in Bash, as in `cat <logfile 2>&1` or `some-command &>logfile`. Often, to ensure a command does not leave an open file handle to standard input, tying it to the terminal you are in, it is also good practice to add ` bar: + repren --full --preserve-case --from foo --to bar . + # Recover backup files whatever.bak -> whatever: + repren --renames --from '(.*)\.bak' --to '\1' *.bak + # Same as above, using rename, if available: + rename 's/\.bak$//' *.bak +``` + +- As the man page says, `rsync` really is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It's known for synchronizing between machines but is equally useful locally. It also is among the [fastest ways](https://web.archive.org/web/20130929001850/http://linuxnote.net/jianingy/en/linux/a-fast-way-to-remove-huge-number-of-files.html) to delete large numbers of files: +```sh +mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir +``` + +- Use `shuf` to shuffle or select random lines from a file. + +- Know `sort`'s options. For numbers, use `-n`, or `-h` for handling human-readable numbers (e.g. from `du -h`). Know how keys work (`-t` and `-k`). In particular, watch out that you need to write `-k1,1` to sort by only the first field; `-k1` means sort according to the whole line. Stable sort (`sort -s`) can be useful. For example, to sort first by field 2, then secondarily by field 1, you can use `sort -k1,1 | sort -s -k2,2`. + +- If you ever need to write a tab literal in a command line in Bash (e.g. for the -t argument to sort), press **ctrl-v** **[Tab]** or write `$'\t'` (the latter is better as you can copy/paste it). + +- The standard tools for patching source code are `diff` and `patch`. See also `diffstat` for summary statistics of a diff and `sdiff` for a side-by-side diff. Note `diff -r` works for entire directories. Use `diff -r tree1 tree2 | diffstat` for a summary of changes. Use `vimdiff` to compare and edit files. + +- For binary files, use `hd`, `hexdump` or `xxd` for simple hex dumps and `bvi` or `biew` for binary editing. + +- Also for binary files, `strings` (plus `grep`, etc.) lets you find bits of text. + +- For binary diffs (delta compression), use `xdelta3`. + +- To convert text encodings, try `iconv`. Or `uconv` for more advanced use; it supports some advanced Unicode things. For example, this command lowercases and removes all accents (by expanding and dropping them): +```sh + uconv -f utf-8 -t utf-8 -x '::Any-Lower; ::Any-NFD; [:Nonspacing Mark:] >; ::Any-NFC; ' < input.txt > output.txt +``` + +- To split files into pieces, see `split` (to split by size) and `csplit` (to split by a pattern). + +- To manipulate date and time expressions, use `dateadd`, `datediff`, `strptime` etc. from [`dateutils`](http://www.fresse.org/dateutils/). + +- Use `zless`, `zmore`, `zcat`, and `zgrep` to operate on compressed files. + + +## System debugging + +- For web debugging, `curl` and `curl -I` are handy, or their `wget` equivalents, or the more modern [`httpie`](https://github.com/jkbrzt/httpie). + +- To know current cpu/disk status, the classic tools are `top` (or the better `htop`), `iostat`, and `iotop`. Use `iostat -mxz 15` for basic CPU and detailed per-partition disk stats and performance insight. + +- For network connection details, use `netstat` and `ss`. + +- For a quick overview of what's happening on a system, `dstat` is especially useful. For broadest overview with details, use [`glances`](https://github.com/nicolargo/glances). + +- To know memory status, run and understand the output of `free` and `vmstat`. In particular, be aware the "cached" value is memory held by the Linux kernel as file cache, so effectively counts toward the "free" value. + +- Java system debugging is a different kettle of fish, but a simple trick on Oracle's and some other JVMs is that you can run `kill -3 ` and a full stack trace and heap summary (including generational garbage collection details, which can be highly informative) will be dumped to stderr/logs. The JDK's `jps`, `jstat`, `jstack`, `jmap` are useful. [SJK tools](https://github.com/aragozin/jvm-tools) are more advanced. + +- Use `mtr` as a better traceroute, to identify network issues. + +- For looking at why a disk is full, `ncdu` saves time over the usual commands like `du -sh *`. + +- To find which socket or process is using bandwidth, try `iftop` or `nethogs`. + +- The `ab` tool (comes with Apache) is helpful for quick-and-dirty checking of web server performance. For more complex load testing, try `siege`. + +- For more serious network debugging, `wireshark`, `tshark`, or `ngrep`. + +- Know about `strace` and `ltrace`. These can be helpful if a program is failing, hanging, or crashing, and you don't know why, or if you want to get a general idea of performance. Note the profiling option (`-c`), and the ability to attach to a running process (`-p`). + +- Know about `ldd` to check shared libraries etc. + +- Know how to connect to a running process with `gdb` and get its stack traces. + +- Use `/proc`. It's amazingly helpful sometimes when debugging live problems. Examples: `/proc/cpuinfo`, `/proc/meminfo`, `/proc/cmdline`, `/proc/xxx/cwd`, `/proc/xxx/exe`, `/proc/xxx/fd/`, `/proc/xxx/smaps` (where `xxx` is the process id or pid). + +- When debugging why something went wrong in the past, `sar` can be very helpful. It shows historic statistics on CPU, memory, network, etc. + +- For deeper systems and performance analyses, look at `stap` ([SystemTap](https://sourceware.org/systemtap/wiki)), [`perf`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf_(Linux)), and [`sysdig`](https://github.com/draios/sysdig). + +- Check what OS you're on with `uname` or `uname -a` (general Unix/kernel info) or `lsb_release -a` (Linux distro info). + +- Use `dmesg` whenever something's acting really funny (it could be hardware or driver issues). + + +## One-liners + +A few examples of piecing together commands: + +- It is remarkably helpful sometimes that you can do set intersection, union, and difference of text files via `sort`/`uniq`. Suppose `a` and `b` are text files that are already uniqued. This is fast, and works on files of arbitrary size, up to many gigabytes. (Sort is not limited by memory, though you may need to use the `-T` option if `/tmp` is on a small root partition.) See also the note about `LC_ALL` above and `sort`'s `-u` option (left out for clarity below). +```sh + cat a b | sort | uniq > c # c is a union b + cat a b | sort | uniq -d > c # c is a intersect b + cat a b b | sort | uniq -u > c # c is set difference a - b +``` + +- Use `grep . *` to quickly examine the contents of all files in a directory (so each line is paired with the filename), or `head -100 *` (so each file has a heading). This can be useful for directories filled with config settings like those in `/sys`, `/proc`, `/etc`. + + +- Summing all numbers in the third column of a text file (this is probably 3X faster and 3X less code than equivalent Python): +```sh + awk '{ x += $3 } END { print x }' myfile +``` + +- If want to see sizes/dates on a tree of files, this is like a recursive `ls -l` but is easier to read than `ls -lR`: +```sh + find . -type f -ls +``` + +- Say you have a text file, like a web server log, and a certain value that appears on some lines, such as an `acct_id` parameter that is present in the URL. If you want a tally of how many requests for each `acct_id`: +```sh + cat access.log | egrep -o 'acct_id=[0-9]+' | cut -d= -f2 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn +``` + +- To continuously monitor changes, use `watch`, e.g. check changes to files in a directory with `watch -d -n 2 'ls -rtlh | tail'` or to network settings while troubleshooting your wifi settings with `watch -d -n 2 ifconfig`. + +- Run this function to get a random tip from this document (parses Markdown and extracts an item): +```sh + function taocl() { + curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line/master/README.md | + pandoc -f markdown -t html | + xmlstarlet fo --html --dropdtd | + xmlstarlet sel -t -v "(html/body/ul/li[count(p)>0])[$RANDOM mod last()+1]" | + xmlstarlet unesc | fmt -80 + } +``` + + +## Obscure but useful + +- `expr`: perform arithmetic or boolean operations or evaluate regular expressions + +- `m4`: simple macro processor + +- `yes`: print a string a lot + +- `cal`: nice calendar + +- `env`: run a command (useful in scripts) + +- `printenv`: print out environment variables (useful in debugging and scripts) + +- `look`: find English words (or lines in a file) beginning with a string + +- `cut`, `paste` and `join`: data manipulation + +- `fmt`: format text paragraphs + +- `pr`: format text into pages/columns + +- `fold`: wrap lines of text + +- `column`: format text fields into aligned, fixed-width columns or tables + +- `expand` and `unexpand`: convert between tabs and spaces + +- `nl`: add line numbers + +- `seq`: print numbers + +- `bc`: calculator + +- `factor`: factor integers + +- [`gpg`](https://gnupg.org/): encrypt and sign files + +- `toe`: table of terminfo entries + +- `nc`: network debugging and data transfer + +- `socat`: socket relay and tcp port forwarder (similar to `netcat`) + +- [`slurm`](https://github.com/mattthias/slurm): network traffic visualization + +- `dd`: moving data between files or devices + +- `file`: identify type of a file + +- `tree`: display directories and subdirectories as a nesting tree; like `ls` but recursive + +- `stat`: file info + +- `time`: execute and time a command + +- `timeout`: execute a command for specified amount of time and stop the process when the specified amount of time completes. + +- `lockfile`: create semaphore file that can only be removed by `rm -f` + +- `logrotate`: rotate, compress and mail logs. + +- `watch`: run a command repeatedly, showing results and/or highlighting changes + +- `tac`: print files in reverse + +- `shuf`: random selection of lines from a file + +- `comm`: compare sorted files line by line + +- `pv`: monitor the progress of data through a pipe + +- `hd`, `hexdump`, `xxd`, `biew` and `bvi`: dump or edit binary files + +- `strings`: extract text from binary files + +- `tr`: character translation or manipulation + +- `iconv` or `uconv`: conversion for text encodings + +- `split` and `csplit`: splitting files + +- `sponge`: read all input before writing it, useful for reading from then writing to the same file, e.g., `grep -v something some-file | sponge some-file` + +- `units`: unit conversions and calculations; converts furlongs per fortnight to twips per blink (see also `/usr/share/units/definitions.units`) + +- `apg`: generates random passwords + +- `7z`: high-ratio file compression + +- `ldd`: dynamic library info + +- `nm`: symbols from object files + +- `ab`: benchmarking web servers + +- `strace`: system call debugging + +- `mtr`: better traceroute for network debugging + +- `cssh`: visual concurrent shell + +- `rsync`: sync files and folders over SSH or in local file system + +- `wireshark` and `tshark`: packet capture and network debugging + +- `ngrep`: grep for the network layer + +- `host` and `dig`: DNS lookups + +- `lsof`: process file descriptor and socket info + +- `dstat`: useful system stats + +- [`glances`](https://github.com/nicolargo/glances): high level, multi-subsystem overview + +- `iostat`: Disk usage stats + +- `mpstat`: CPU usage stats + +- `vmstat`: Memory usage stats + +- `htop`: improved version of top + +- `last`: login history + +- `w`: who's logged on + +- `id`: user/group identity info + +- `sar`: historic system stats + +- `iftop` or `nethogs`: network utilization by socket or process + +- `ss`: socket statistics + +- `dmesg`: boot and system error messages + +- `sysctl`: view and configure Linux kernel parameters at run time + +- `hdparm`: SATA/ATA disk manipulation/performance + +- `lsb_release`: Linux distribution info + +- `lsblk`: list block devices: a tree view of your disks and disk paritions + +- `lshw`, `lscpu`, `lspci`, `lsusb`, `dmidecode`: hardware information, including CPU, BIOS, RAID, graphics, devices, etc. + +- `lsmod` and `modinfo`: List and show details of kernel modules. + +- `fortune`, `ddate`, and `sl`: um, well, it depends on whether you consider steam locomotives and Zippy quotations "useful" + + +## MacOS X only + +These are items relevant *only* on MacOS. + +- Package management with `brew` (Homebrew) and/or `port` (MacPorts). These can be used to install on MacOS many of the above commands. + +- Copy output of any command to a desktop app with `pbcopy` and paste input from one with `pbpaste`. + +- To enable the Option key in Mac OS Terminal as an alt key (such as used in the commands above like **alt-b**, **alt-f**, etc.), open Preferences -> Profiles -> Keyboard and select "Use Option as Meta key". + +- To open a file with a desktop app, use `open` or `open -a /Applications/Whatever.app`. + +- Spotlight: Search files with `mdfind` and list metadata (such as photo EXIF info) with `mdls`. + +- Be aware MacOS is based on BSD Unix, and many commands (for example `ps`, `ls`, `tail`, `awk`, `sed`) have many subtle variations from Linux, which is largely influenced by System V-style Unix and GNU tools. You can often tell the difference by noting a man page has the heading "BSD General Commands Manual." In some cases GNU versions can be installed, too (such as `gawk` and `gsed` for GNU awk and sed). If writing cross-platform Bash scripts, avoid such commands (for example, consider Python or `perl`) or test carefully. + +- To get MacOS release information, use `sw_vers`. + + +## More resources + +- [awesome-shell](https://github.com/alebcay/awesome-shell): A curated list of shell tools and resources. +- [awesome-osx-command-line](https://github.com/herrbischoff/awesome-osx-command-line): A more in-depth guide for the Mac OS command line. +- [Strict mode](http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/) for writing better shell scripts. +- [shellcheck](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck): A shell script static analysis tool. Essentially, lint for bash/sh/zsh. +- [Filenames and Pathnames in Shell](http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/filenames-in-shell.html): The sadly complex minutiae on how to handle filenames correctly in shell scripts. + + +## Disclaimer + +With the exception of very small tasks, code is written so others can read it. With power comes responsibility. The fact you *can* do something in Bash doesn't necessarily mean you should! ;) + + +## License + +[![Creative Commons License](https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) + +This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). From 582c2c43f568039741009e37ab21c5e6821eb8bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Ahmet=20=C5=9Een?= Date: Mon, 21 Dec 2015 00:12:31 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 02/17] =?UTF-8?q?fixed=20Sanati=20to=20Sanat=C4=B1?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README-tr.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 939c62e..5302f1b 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ ] -# Komut İstemi Sanati +# Komut İstemi Sanatı [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) From 915eb87daf751fc2f942bb518de56a297f2bf016 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2015 17:31:04 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 03/17] Meta section is translated into Turkish :gem: --- README-tr.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 939c62e..8cf1cd8 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) - [Meta](#meta) -- [Basics](#basics) +- [Temeller](#basics) - [Everyday use](#everyday-use) - [Processing files and data](#processing-files-and-data) - [System debugging](#system-debugging) @@ -33,17 +33,17 @@ but given the interest there, it seemed worth using GitHub, where people more ta ## Meta -Scope: +Kapsam: -- This guide is both for beginners and the experienced. The goals are *breadth* (everything important), *specificity* (give concrete examples of the most common case), and *brevity* (avoid things that aren't essential or digressions you can easily look up elsewhere). Every tip is essential in some situation or significantly saves time over alternatives. -- This is written for Linux, with the exception of the "[MacOS X only](#macos-x-only)" section. Many of the other items apply or can be installed on other Unices or MacOS (or even Cygwin). -- The focus is on interactive Bash, though many tips apply to other shells and to general Bash scripting. -- It includes both "standard" Unix commands as well as ones that require special package installs -- so long as they are important enough to merit inclusion. +- Bu kılavuz hem başlangıç hem de profesyoneller içindir. Hedefler *geniş* (önemli herşey), *belirlilik* (yaygın kullanılan somut örnekler), and *özlülük* (konu dışı ve gerekli olmayan bilgilerden uzak durmak). Her ipuçu bazi durumlarda gerekli veya önemli ölçüde zaman kazandırır alternatif kaynaklarla karşılaştırdıgimizda. +- Bu kaynak Linux için yazilmistir, "[MacOS X only](#macos-x-only)" bölümü istisna. Diğer öğelerin çoğu Unice(Unix-gibi)'lerde veya MacOS (hatta Cygwin ) üzerinde aynıdır veya yüklenebilir. +- Etkileşimli Bash asıl hedef ancak çogu bilgi diger shell`lerde ve genel Bash scripting(komut dizisi oluşturma)`de aynıdır. +- "Standart" Unix komutlarını ve ozel paket program yüklemek gereken komutları içerir. --Yani onemli olan her sey dahil olmayi hak etmistir. Notes: -- To keep this to one page, content is implicitly included by reference. You're smart enough to look up more detail elsewhere once you know the idea or command to Google. Use `apt-get`/`yum`/`dnf`/`pacman`/`pip`/`brew` (as appropriate) to install new programs. -- Use [Explainshell](http://explainshell.com/) to get a helpful breakdown of what commands, options, pipes etc. do. +- Bir sayfayi gecmemek icin icerik dolayli olarak referans olarak verilmistir. Fikri ve komutu bildiginiz zaman daha detaylarini bakacak kadar zaten zekisiniz. (Uygun oldukca) Yeni program yuklemek icin su komutlari kullanin `apt-get`/`yum`/`dnf`/`pacman`/`pip`/`brew`. +- Komutlarin, seceneklerin veya veri yollarinin vs. ne yaptigi hakinda kullanisli bir analiz elde etmek icin [Explainshell](http://explainshell.com/)`i ziyaret edin. ## Basics From 4666e446b248a03df83787e845ddbb2bc85de3cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Fri, 1 Jan 2016 17:06:21 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 04/17] fixed a Typo --- README-tr.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 33c679e..c628e7a 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ Kapsam: - Etkileşimli Bash asıl hedef ancak çogu bilgi diger shell`lerde ve genel Bash scripting(komut dizisi oluşturma)`de aynıdır. - "Standart" Unix komutlarını ve ozel paket program yüklemek gereken komutları içerir. --Yani onemli olan her sey dahil olmayi hak etmistir. -Notes: +Notlar: - Bir sayfayi gecmemek icin icerik dolayli olarak referans olarak verilmistir. Fikri ve komutu bildiginiz zaman daha detaylarini bakacak kadar zaten zekisiniz. (Uygun oldukca) Yeni program yuklemek icin su komutlari kullanin `apt-get`/`yum`/`dnf`/`pacman`/`pip`/`brew`. - Komutlarin, seceneklerin veya veri yollarinin vs. ne yaptigi hakinda kullanisli bir analiz elde etmek icin [Explainshell](http://explainshell.com/)`i ziyaret edin. -## Basics +## Temeller - Learn basic Bash. Actually, type `man bash` and at least skim the whole thing; it's pretty easy to follow and not that long. Alternate shells can be nice, but Bash is powerful and always available (learning *only* zsh, fish, etc., while tempting on your own laptop, restricts you in many situations, such as using existing servers). From 24fdd69bccdda1bbb750a9407bcd66303dd02e00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Fri, 1 Jan 2016 17:07:29 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 05/17] fixed the linking to Basics(Temeller) --- README-tr.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index c628e7a..ca9aef1 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) - [Meta](#meta) -- [Temeller](#basics) +- [Temeller](#temeller) - [Everyday use](#everyday-use) - [Processing files and data](#processing-files-and-data) - [System debugging](#system-debugging) From a189ff388493030917ed1410b4bff67b9d442efa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Fri, 1 Jan 2016 17:40:33 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 06/17] translated first part of Temeller(Basica) --- README-tr.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index ca9aef1..bfd5608 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Notlar: ## Temeller -- Learn basic Bash. Actually, type `man bash` and at least skim the whole thing; it's pretty easy to follow and not that long. Alternate shells can be nice, but Bash is powerful and always available (learning *only* zsh, fish, etc., while tempting on your own laptop, restricts you in many situations, such as using existing servers). +- Temel Bash`i ögren. Aslinda, `man bash` yaz ve en azindan hepsini hizla gozden gecir; cok uzun olmadigi gibi takip etmesi de kolay. Alternatif shell`ler guzel olabilir, ancak Bash gucle ve kullanisli (*sadece* zsh, fish, etc.`i ogrenmek, kendi laptopunda deneyerek, bircok durumda kisitlayarak, mesela mevcut sunuculari kullanarak). - Learn at least one text-based editor well. Ideally Vim (`vi`), as there's really no competition for random editing in a terminal (even if you use Emacs, a big IDE, or a modern hipster editor most of the time). From 1289787b2e9c6cf14b1f440f1732c2623be38b27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Fri, 1 Jan 2016 17:41:54 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 07/17] fixed typos --- README-tr.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index bfd5608..e90ad9d 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Notlar: ## Temeller -- Temel Bash`i ögren. Aslinda, `man bash` yaz ve en azindan hepsini hizla gozden gecir; cok uzun olmadigi gibi takip etmesi de kolay. Alternatif shell`ler guzel olabilir, ancak Bash gucle ve kullanisli (*sadece* zsh, fish, etc.`i ogrenmek, kendi laptopunda deneyerek, bircok durumda kisitlayarak, mesela mevcut sunuculari kullanarak). +- Temel Bashi ögren. Aslinda, `man bash` yaz ve en azindan hepsini hizla gozden gecir; cok uzun olmadigi gibi takip etmesi de kolay. Alternatif shelller guzel olabilir, ancak Bash gucle ve kullanisli (*sadece* zsh, fish, etc.`i ogrenmek, kendi laptopunda deneyerek, bircok durumda kisitlayarak, mesela mevcut sunuculari kullanarak). - Learn at least one text-based editor well. Ideally Vim (`vi`), as there's really no competition for random editing in a terminal (even if you use Emacs, a big IDE, or a modern hipster editor most of the time). From b942a540c1e99da7537c6874d6b51c61b43a2242 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Sat, 9 Jan 2016 21:58:38 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 08/17] halfway through the temeller or basics section --- README-tr.md | 12 ++++++------ a | 1 + 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) create mode 100644 a diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index e90ad9d..5264c77 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -48,17 +48,17 @@ Notlar: ## Temeller -- Temel Bashi ögren. Aslinda, `man bash` yaz ve en azindan hepsini hizla gozden gecir; cok uzun olmadigi gibi takip etmesi de kolay. Alternatif shelller guzel olabilir, ancak Bash gucle ve kullanisli (*sadece* zsh, fish, etc.`i ogrenmek, kendi laptopunda deneyerek, bircok durumda kisitlayarak, mesela mevcut sunuculari kullanarak). +- Temel Bashi ögren. Aslinda, `man bash` yaz ve en azindan hepsini hizla gozden gecir; cok uzun olmadigi gibi takip etmesi de kolay. Alternatif shelller guzel olabilir, ancak Bash güçlü ve kullanisli (*sadece* zsh, fish, etc.`i ogrenmek, kendi laptopunda deneyerek, bircok durumda kisitlayarak, mesela mevcut sunuculari kullanarak). -- Learn at least one text-based editor well. Ideally Vim (`vi`), as there's really no competition for random editing in a terminal (even if you use Emacs, a big IDE, or a modern hipster editor most of the time). +- En az 1 metin temelli metin düzenleyiciyi iyice ogrenin. Ideal olarak Vim (`vi`), aslinda terminal metin duzenleyicileri arasinda fazla bir rekabet yok (Emacs kullansaniz dahi, meshur bir IDE, veya yenilik iceren bir metin duzenleyici). -- Know how to read documentation with `man` (for the inquisitive, `man man` lists the section numbers, e.g. 1 is "regular" commands, 5 is files/conventions, and 8 are for administration). Find man pages with `apropos`. Know that some commands are not executables, but Bash builtins, and that you can get help on them with `help` and `help -d`. +- Dökümantasyonlari `man` ile okumayi bilin (meraklı ve arastirmacilar icin, `man man` bolum numaralarini listeler, mesela 1 siradan komutlar, 5 dosyalar/uzlasilmis kullanislar, and 8 de admin icindir). Man sayfalarini `apropos` komutu ile bulun. Bazi komutlarin calistirilamaz oldugunu da bilin, ancak Bash oluşumiçler, ve `help` ve `help -d` yi kullanarak bu komutlar hakkinda da yardim alabileceginizi de. -- Learn about redirection of output and input using `>` and `<` and pipes using `|`. Know `>` overwrites the output file and `>>` appends. Learn about stdout and stderr. +- Cikis ve giris yönlendirmesi icin `>` ve `<` kullanmayi bilin ve veri yollarini da bilin `|` \` kullanarak. `>` dosyanin uzerine yazar ve `>>` dosyaya ekler. stdout ve stderr de ogrenin. -- Learn about file glob expansion with `*` (and perhaps `?` and `[`...`]`) and quoting and the difference between double `"` and single `'` quotes. (See more on variable expansion below.) +- Genelleme yapmak icin `*` de kullanmayi bilin (ve bir ihtimalle `?` ve `[`...`]`) and cift `"` ve tek `'` tirnak isareti arasindaki farki da bilin. (Degisken genellemesi hakkinda asagidan daha fazla bilgi alabilirsiniz.) -- Be familiar with Bash job management: `&`, **ctrl-z**, **ctrl-c**, `jobs`, `fg`, `bg`, `kill`, etc. +- Bash is veya gorev yonetimine da asina olun: `&`, **ctrl-z**, **ctrl-c**, `jobs`, `fg`, `bg`, `kill`, vs. - Know `ssh`, and the basics of passwordless authentication, via `ssh-agent`, `ssh-add`, etc. diff --git a/a b/a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e61ef7b --- /dev/null +++ b/a @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +aa From fd389a33f1acaaab93516ca2a32efc4bd9584201 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Sat, 9 Jan 2016 21:59:17 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 09/17] fixed a mistake --- a | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) delete mode 100644 a diff --git a/a b/a deleted file mode 100644 index e61ef7b..0000000 --- a/a +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -aa From 7465df768a12ec3bb17053285bb50c49c11898f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Sat, 10 Sep 2016 23:04:37 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 10/17] temeller (basics) section is translated into Turkish --- README-tr.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 5264c77..bde8148 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ Notlar: - Bash is veya gorev yonetimine da asina olun: `&`, **ctrl-z**, **ctrl-c**, `jobs`, `fg`, `bg`, `kill`, vs. -- Know `ssh`, and the basics of passwordless authentication, via `ssh-agent`, `ssh-add`, etc. +- `ssh` i bilin, and ve sifresiz dogrulamanin temellerini de, `ssh-agent` veya `ssh-add`, etc. yoluyla. -- Basic file management: `ls` and `ls -l` (in particular, learn what every column in `ls -l` means), `less`, `head`, `tail` and `tail -f` (or even better, `less +F`), `ln` and `ln -s` (learn the differences and advantages of hard versus soft links), `chown`, `chmod`, `du` (for a quick summary of disk usage: `du -hs *`). For filesystem management, `df`, `mount`, `fdisk`, `mkfs`, `lsblk`. Learn what an inode is (`ls -i` or `df -i`). +- Temel dosya yonetimi : `ls` ve `ls -l` (ozellikle, `ls -l` komutunda her sütunun anlamlarini bilin), `less`, `head`, `tail` ve `tail -f` (veya daha da iyisi, `less +F`), `ln` ve `ln -s` (hard link ve soft link arasindaki farki ve avantajlarini bilin), `chown`, `chmod`, `du` (hizli bir disk kullanimi ozeti icin: `du -hs *`). Dosya sistemi yonetimi icin, `df`, `mount`, `fdisk`, `mkfs`, `lsblk`.inode ne bilin (`ls -i` veya `df -i`). -- Basic network management: `ip` or `ifconfig`, `dig`. +- Basit baglanti yonetimi icin: `ip` veya `ifconfig`, `dig`. -- Know regular expressions well, and the various flags to `grep`/`egrep`. The `-i`, `-o`, `-v`, `-A`, `-B`, and `-C` options are worth knowing. +- Kuralli veya duzenli ifadeleri iyi bilin, ve farkli isaretler `grep`/`egrep` icin. The `-i`, `-o`, `-v`, `-A`, `-B`, and `-C` options are worth knowing. -- Learn to use `apt-get`, `yum`, `dnf` or `pacman` (depending on distro) to find and install packages. And make sure you have `pip` to install Python-based command-line tools (a few below are easiest to install via `pip`). +- `apt-get` i kullanmasini bilin, `yum`, `dnf` veya `pacman` (distrolara bagli farkliliklar olabilir) ki hazir packagelari bulup yukleyebilesiniz. Python-temelli komutlari kullanmak icin `pip`i kullanin (bircogu `pip` ile kolaylikla yuklenebilir). ## Everyday use From eb1286d09f661cfbf1ad2458274cd491e8737627 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Sun, 11 Sep 2016 09:22:59 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 11/17] halfway through Everyday use --- README-tr.md | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index bde8148..55070e1 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ - [Meta](#meta) - [Temeller](#temeller) -- [Everyday use](#everyday-use) +- [Gunluk Kullanim](#everyday-use) - [Processing files and data](#processing-files-and-data) - [System debugging](#system-debugging) - [One-liners](#one-liners) @@ -73,43 +73,46 @@ Notlar: ## Everyday use -- In Bash, use **Tab** to complete arguments or list all available commands and **ctrl-r** to search through command history (after pressing, type to search, press **ctrl-r** repeatedly to cycle through more matches, press **Enter** to execute the found command, or hit the right arrow to put the result in the current line to allow editing). - -- In Bash, use **ctrl-w** to delete the last word, and **ctrl-u** to delete all the way back to the start of the line. Use **alt-b** and **alt-f** to move by word, **ctrl-a** to move cursor to beginning of line, **ctrl-e** to move cursor to end of line, **ctrl-k** to kill to the end of the line, **ctrl-l** to clear the screen. See `man readline` for all the default keybindings in Bash. There are a lot. For example **alt-.** cycles through previous arguments, and **alt-*** expands a glob. +- Bash`te otomatik tamamlama ve mevcut komutlari listelemek icin **Tab** kullanin. Komut gecmisinde arama yapmak icin **ctrl-r**`i kullanin. **ctrl-r**`i kullanarak arama sonuclarini dolasabilirsiniz. **Enter**`a basarak o komutu calistirabilirsiniz. -- Alternatively, if you love vi-style key-bindings, use `set -o vi` (and `set -o emacs` to put it back). +- Bash`te, **ctrl-w**`i kullanarak en sonki kelimeyi silebilirsiniz, ve **ctrl-u** satir basina kadar siler. +Kelime kelime hareket etmek icin **alt-b** ve **alt-f**`i kullanin. Gostergeyi satir basina goturmek icin **ctrl-a**`i ve **ctrl-e** satir sonuna goturmek icin kullanin. **ctrl-k** satir sonuna kadar oldurmek icin kullanilir. **ctrl-l** de ekrani temizlemek icin kullanilir. `man readline` ile kisayollar hakkinda daha fazla bilgi alabilirsiniz. Cok fazla var, mesela **alt-.** onceki argumanlari gezer ve **alt-*** glob`lari genisletir. -- For editing long commands, after setting your editor (for example `export EDITOR=vim`), **ctrl-x** **ctrl-e** will open the current command in an editor for multi-line editing. Or in vi style, **escape-v**. +- Eger vi-style kisayollari seviyor iseniz, `set -o vi` komutunu calistirabilirsiniz (ve `set -o emacs` eski haline getirmek icin). -- To see recent commands, `history`. There are also many abbreviations such as `!$` (last argument) and `!!` last command, though these are often easily replaced with **ctrl-r** and **alt-.**. +- Uzun komutlari editlemek icin, editorunuzu set ettikten sonra (ornegin `export EDITOR=vim`), **ctrl-x** ve **ctrl-e** komulari mevcut komutu editorda acar. Veya vi style`da, **escape-v**. -- To go back to the previous working directory: `cd -` +- En son calisan komutlari gormek icin, `history`(tarih). Bazi kisayollar ise `!$` (en son arguman) ve `!!` son komut, bunlar sayesinde **ctrl-r** ve **alt-.** de cok faydalidir. -- If you are halfway through typing a command but change your mind, hit **alt-#** to add a `#` at the beginning and enter it as a comment (or use **ctrl-a**, **#**, **enter**). You can then return to it later via command history. +- Bir onceki alt dizine gitmek icin: `cd -` -- Use `xargs` (or `parallel`). It's very powerful. Note you can control how many items execute per line (`-L`) as well as parallelism (`-P`). If you're not sure if it'll do the right thing, use `xargs echo` first. Also, `-I{}` is handy. Examples: +- Eger komutunuzun ortalarinda biyerde iseniz ve eger fikrinizi degistirirseniz, **alt-#**`i `#` komutunuzun basina eklemek icin kullanin, boylelikle komut yorum olur ve calismaz (veya **ctrl-a**, **#**, **enter** kullanin). Daha sonra isterseniz history komutu ile geri donebilirsiniz. + + +- `xargs`i kullanin (veya `parallel`). Cok guclu bir komuttur. Satir basi kac komut calisabilir kontrol edebilirsiniz (`-L`) ayni zamanda paralellik (`-P`). Eger komutun nasil calisacagindan emin degil iseniz, `xargs echo`i kullanin.`-I{}` da cok kullanislidir. Ornekler: ```bash find . -name '*.py' | xargs grep some_function cat hosts | xargs -I{} ssh root@{} hostname ``` -- `pstree -p` is a helpful display of the process tree. +- Proses agaci `pstree -p` komutu yardimi ile gorulebilir. -- Use `pgrep` and `pkill` to find or signal processes by name (`-f` is helpful). +- `pgrep` ve `pkill` prosesleri isimlerine gore bulmak icin kullanislidir ve (`-f` secenegi de kullanislidir). -- Know the various signals you can send processes. For example, to suspend a process, use `kill -STOP [pid]`. For the full list, see `man 7 signal` +- Proseslere gonderebileceginiz farkli sinyalleri bilin. Mesela, bir prosesi duraklatmak icin, `kill -STOP [pid]` i kullanin. Tam liste icin, bakiniz `man 7 signal` -- Use `nohup` or `disown` if you want a background process to keep running forever. +- Eger bir arka plan prosesini her zaman duraksiz calistirmak istiyor iseniz `nohup` veya `disown` i kullanin -- Check what processes are listening via `netstat -lntp` or `ss -plat` (for TCP; add `-u` for UDP). +- Hangi proseslerin dinledigini ogrenmek icin `netstat -lntp` veya `ss -plat`i kullanin (TCP icin; UDP icin `-u` ekleyin ). -- See also `lsof` for open sockets and files. +- Acik dosyalar ve soketler icin `lsof` a bakiniz -- See `uptime` or `w` to know the how long the system has been running. +- Sisteminizin ne kadar suredir calistigini ogrenmek icin `uptime` veya `w` a bakiniz. -- Use `alias` to create shortcuts for commonly used commands. For example, `alias ll='ls -latr'` creates a new alias `ll`. +- Komut kisayollari olusturmak icin `alias` kullanin. Ornegin `alias ll='ls -latr'` `ll` kisayolu olusturur. +//left here - In Bash scripts, use `set -x` (or the variant `set -v`, which logs raw input, including unexpanded variables and comments) for debugging output. Use strict modes unless you have a good reason not to: Use `set -e` to abort on errors (nonzero exit code). Use `set -u` to detect unset variable usages. Consider `set -o pipefail` too, to on errors within pipes, too (though read up on it more if you do, as this topic is a bit subtle). For more involved scripts, also use `trap` on EXIT or ERR. A useful habit is to start a script like this, which will make it detect and abort on common errors and print a message: ```bash set -euo pipefail From c37e3729c3bd8dda93e805058039a93ab2349104 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2016 15:43:05 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 12/17] Everyday use section is finished --- README-tr.md | 158 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 107 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 55070e1..725b848 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -112,40 +112,53 @@ Kelime kelime hareket etmek icin **alt-b** ve **alt-f**`i kullanin. Gostergeyi s - Komut kisayollari olusturmak icin `alias` kullanin. Ornegin `alias ll='ls -latr'` `ll` kisayolu olusturur. -//left here -- In Bash scripts, use `set -x` (or the variant `set -v`, which logs raw input, including unexpanded variables and comments) for debugging output. Use strict modes unless you have a good reason not to: Use `set -e` to abort on errors (nonzero exit code). Use `set -u` to detect unset variable usages. Consider `set -o pipefail` too, to on errors within pipes, too (though read up on it more if you do, as this topic is a bit subtle). For more involved scripts, also use `trap` on EXIT or ERR. A useful habit is to start a script like this, which will make it detect and abort on common errors and print a message: + +- Bash skriptlerde hata ayiklama(debugging) icin `set -x` i kullanin (veya bir degisik `set -v` i kullanin, bu komut degismemis girdileri, degiskenleri ve yorumlari da sunar). +Kati modlari kullanmaniz tavsiye edilir kesinlikle. Hatalarda iptal etmek icin `set -e` kullanin(sifir olmayan cikis veya bitirme kodu). Sabitlenmemis degisken kullanimlarini algilamak icin `set -u` kullanin. Hatlandirma hatalarinda `set -o` yu kullanin. Daha fazla detay icin EXIT veya ERR`lerde `trap` kullanin. + + + ```bash set -euo pipefail - trap "echo 'error: Script failed: see failed command above'" ERR + trap "echo 'hata: Skript başarısız: başarısız komutlari yukarida gorebilirsiniz'" ERR ``` -- In Bash scripts, subshells (written with parentheses) are convenient ways to group commands. A common example is to temporarily move to a different working directory, e.g. +- Bash skriptlerde komut gruplandirmak icin alt Linux kabuklari (parantez icinkediler) elverislidir. Yaygin bir ornek olarak farkli bir dizine gitmek gosterilebilir. ```bash - # do something in current dir - (cd /some/other/dir && other-command) - # continue in original dir + # simdiki dizinde komut calistir + (cd /baska/bir/dizin && diger-komut) + # baslangic dizininde komut calistirmaya devam et ``` -- In Bash, note there are lots of kinds of variable expansion. Checking a variable exists: `${name:?error message}`. For example, if a Bash script requires a single argument, just write `input_file=${1:?usage: $0 input_file}`. Arithmetic expansion: `i=$(( (i + 1) % 5 ))`. Sequences: `{1..10}`. Trimming of strings: `${var%suffix}` and `${var#prefix}`. For example if `var=foo.pdf`, then `echo ${var%.pdf}.txt` prints `foo.txt`. +-Bash`te birden fazla degisken genlestirme yolu vardir. Degiskenin varligini kontrol et: `${isim:?hata mesaji}`. Ornegin, eger bir bash skripti bir arguman gerektiriyorda, sadece bunu yaz `input_file=${1:?usage: $0 input_file}`. Eger bir degisken bos ise öndeğer kullanmak icin `${name:-öndeğer}` kullanin. Eger opsiyonel olarak bir parametre eklemek isterseniz `output_file=${2:-logfile}` i kullanin. Aritmetik acilim: `i=$(( (i + 1) % 5 ))`. Sira veya duzen `{1..10}`. String kirpmak icin `${var%suffix}` ve `${var#prefix}` kullanin. Ornegin if `var=foo.pdf`, then `echo ${var%.pdf}.txt` `foo.txt` yazar. -- Brace expansion using `{`...`}` can reduce having to re-type similar text and automate combinations of items. This is helpful in examples like `mv foo.{txt,pdf} some-dir` (which moves both files), `cp somefile{,.bak}` (which expands to `cp somefile somefile.bak`) or `mkdir -p test-{a,b,c}/subtest-{1,2,3}` (which expands all possible combinations and creates a directory tree). -- The output of a command can be treated like a file via `<(some command)`. For example, compare local `/etc/hosts` with a remote one: +- Kaşlı ayraç `{`...`}` ayni seyleri yazmayi azaltir ve bazi ogelerin kombinasyonunu kolaylastirir. Ornegin `mv foo.{txt,pdf} some-dir` (iki dosyayi da tasir), `cp somefile{,.bak}` (genislemis hali `cp somefile somefile.bak`) veya `mkdir -p test-{a,b,c}/subtest-{1,2,3}` (bu komut genisler ve seceneklerdeki kombinasyonlar ile dizinleri olusturur). + +-Bir komutun ciktisi bir dosya gibi gorulebilir `<(some command)` yolu ile, yerli `/etc/hosts` dosyasini uzak dosya ile karsilastirmak icin: ```sh diff /etc/hosts <(ssh somehost cat /etc/hosts) ``` -- Know about "here documents" in Bash, as in `cat <logfile 2>&1` or `some-command &>logfile`. Often, to ensure a command does not leave an open file handle to standard input, tying it to the terminal you are in, it is also good practice to add `logfile 2>&1` veya `some-command &>logfile` ile yapilabilir. Cogu zaman acik dosya birakmamak icin `>> 2+3 +5 +``` ## Processing files and data @@ -203,8 +224,12 @@ Kelime kelime hareket etmek icin **alt-b** ve **alt-f**`i kullanin. Gostergeyi s - Know about `tee` to copy from stdin to a file and also to stdout, as in `ls -al | tee file.txt`. +- For more complex calculations, including grouping, reversing fields, and statistical calculations, consider [`datamash`](https://www.gnu.org/software/datamash/). + - Know that locale affects a lot of command line tools in subtle ways, including sorting order (collation) and performance. Most Linux installations will set `LANG` or other locale variables to a local setting like US English. But be aware sorting will change if you change locale. And know i18n routines can make sort or other commands run *many times* slower. In some situations (such as the set operations or uniqueness operations below) you can safely ignore slow i18n routines entirely and use traditional byte-based sort order, using `export LC_ALL=C`. +- You can set a specific command's environment by prefixing its invocation with the environment variable settings, as in `TZ=Pacific/Fiji date`. + - Know basic `awk` and `sed` for simple data munging. For example, summing all numbers in the third column of a text file: `awk '{ x += $3 } END { print x }'`. This is probably 3X faster and 3X shorter than equivalent Python. - To replace all occurrences of a string in place, in one or more files: @@ -222,7 +247,7 @@ Kelime kelime hareket etmek icin **alt-b** ve **alt-f**`i kullanin. Gostergeyi s rename 's/\.bak$//' *.bak ``` -- As the man page says, `rsync` really is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It's known for synchronizing between machines but is equally useful locally. It also is among the [fastest ways](https://web.archive.org/web/20130929001850/http://linuxnote.net/jianingy/en/linux/a-fast-way-to-remove-huge-number-of-files.html) to delete large numbers of files: +- As the man page says, `rsync` really is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It's known for synchronizing between machines but is equally useful locally. When security restrictions allow, using `rsync` instead of `scp` allows recovery of a transfer without restarting from scratch. It also is among the [fastest ways](https://web.archive.org/web/20130929001850/http://linuxnote.net/jianingy/en/linux/a-fast-way-to-remove-huge-number-of-files.html) to delete large numbers of files: ```sh mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir ``` @@ -235,7 +260,7 @@ mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir - The standard tools for patching source code are `diff` and `patch`. See also `diffstat` for summary statistics of a diff and `sdiff` for a side-by-side diff. Note `diff -r` works for entire directories. Use `diff -r tree1 tree2 | diffstat` for a summary of changes. Use `vimdiff` to compare and edit files. -- For binary files, use `hd`, `hexdump` or `xxd` for simple hex dumps and `bvi` or `biew` for binary editing. +- For binary files, use `hd`, `hexdump` or `xxd` for simple hex dumps and `bvi`, `hexedit` or `biew` for binary editing. - Also for binary files, `strings` (plus `grep`, etc.) lets you find bits of text. @@ -252,6 +277,13 @@ mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir - Use `zless`, `zmore`, `zcat`, and `zgrep` to operate on compressed files. +- File attributes are settable via `chattr` and offer a lower-level alternative to file permissions. For example, to protect against accidental file deletion the immutable flag: `sudo chattr +i /critical/directory/or/file` + +- Use `getfacl` and `setfacl` to save and restore file permissions. For example: +```sh + getfacl -R /some/path > permissions.txt + setfacl --restore=permissions.txt +``` ## System debugging @@ -267,15 +299,15 @@ mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir - Java system debugging is a different kettle of fish, but a simple trick on Oracle's and some other JVMs is that you can run `kill -3 ` and a full stack trace and heap summary (including generational garbage collection details, which can be highly informative) will be dumped to stderr/logs. The JDK's `jps`, `jstat`, `jstack`, `jmap` are useful. [SJK tools](https://github.com/aragozin/jvm-tools) are more advanced. -- Use `mtr` as a better traceroute, to identify network issues. +- Use [`mtr`](http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/) as a better traceroute, to identify network issues. -- For looking at why a disk is full, `ncdu` saves time over the usual commands like `du -sh *`. +- For looking at why a disk is full, [`ncdu`](https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu) saves time over the usual commands like `du -sh *`. -- To find which socket or process is using bandwidth, try `iftop` or `nethogs`. +- To find which socket or process is using bandwidth, try [`iftop`](http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/iftop/) or [`nethogs`](https://github.com/raboof/nethogs). - The `ab` tool (comes with Apache) is helpful for quick-and-dirty checking of web server performance. For more complex load testing, try `siege`. -- For more serious network debugging, `wireshark`, `tshark`, or `ngrep`. +- For more serious network debugging, [`wireshark`](https://wireshark.org/), [`tshark`](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/AppToolstshark.html), or [`ngrep`](http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/). - Know about `strace` and `ltrace`. These can be helpful if a program is failing, hanging, or crashing, and you don't know why, or if you want to get a general idea of performance. Note the profiling option (`-c`), and the ability to attach to a running process (`-p`). @@ -285,7 +317,7 @@ mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir - Use `/proc`. It's amazingly helpful sometimes when debugging live problems. Examples: `/proc/cpuinfo`, `/proc/meminfo`, `/proc/cmdline`, `/proc/xxx/cwd`, `/proc/xxx/exe`, `/proc/xxx/fd/`, `/proc/xxx/smaps` (where `xxx` is the process id or pid). -- When debugging why something went wrong in the past, `sar` can be very helpful. It shows historic statistics on CPU, memory, network, etc. +- When debugging why something went wrong in the past, [`sar`](http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/) can be very helpful. It shows historic statistics on CPU, memory, network, etc. - For deeper systems and performance analyses, look at `stap` ([SystemTap](https://sourceware.org/systemtap/wiki)), [`perf`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf_(Linux)), and [`sysdig`](https://github.com/draios/sysdig). @@ -293,6 +325,9 @@ mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir - Use `dmesg` whenever something's acting really funny (it could be hardware or driver issues). +- If you delete a file and it doesn't free up expected disk space as reported by `du`, check whether the file is in use by a process: +`lsof | grep deleted | grep "filename-of-my-big-file"` + ## One-liners @@ -313,7 +348,7 @@ A few examples of piecing together commands: awk '{ x += $3 } END { print x }' myfile ``` -- If want to see sizes/dates on a tree of files, this is like a recursive `ls -l` but is easier to read than `ls -lR`: +- To see sizes/dates on a tree of files, this is like a recursive `ls -l` but is easier to read than `ls -lR`: ```sh find . -type f -ls ``` @@ -409,8 +444,6 @@ A few examples of piecing together commands: - `pv`: monitor the progress of data through a pipe -- `hd`, `hexdump`, `xxd`, `biew` and `bvi`: dump or edit binary files - - `strings`: extract text from binary files - `tr`: character translation or manipulation @@ -425,7 +458,7 @@ A few examples of piecing together commands: - `apg`: generates random passwords -- `7z`: high-ratio file compression +- `xz`: high-ratio file compression - `ldd`: dynamic library info @@ -435,15 +468,15 @@ A few examples of piecing together commands: - `strace`: system call debugging -- `mtr`: better traceroute for network debugging +- [`mtr`](http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/): better traceroute for network debugging - `cssh`: visual concurrent shell - `rsync`: sync files and folders over SSH or in local file system -- `wireshark` and `tshark`: packet capture and network debugging +- [`wireshark`](https://wireshark.org/) and [`tshark`](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/AppToolstshark.html): packet capture and network debugging -- `ngrep`: grep for the network layer +- [`ngrep`](http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/): grep for the network layer - `host` and `dig`: DNS lookups @@ -467,9 +500,9 @@ A few examples of piecing together commands: - `id`: user/group identity info -- `sar`: historic system stats +- [`sar`](http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/): historic system stats -- `iftop` or `nethogs`: network utilization by socket or process +- [`iftop`](http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/iftop/) or [`nethogs`](https://github.com/raboof/nethogs): network utilization by socket or process - `ss`: socket statistics @@ -479,9 +512,7 @@ A few examples of piecing together commands: - `hdparm`: SATA/ATA disk manipulation/performance -- `lsb_release`: Linux distribution info - -- `lsblk`: list block devices: a tree view of your disks and disk paritions +- `lsblk`: list block devices: a tree view of your disks and disk partitions - `lshw`, `lscpu`, `lspci`, `lsusb`, `dmidecode`: hardware information, including CPU, BIOS, RAID, graphics, devices, etc. @@ -490,33 +521,58 @@ A few examples of piecing together commands: - `fortune`, `ddate`, and `sl`: um, well, it depends on whether you consider steam locomotives and Zippy quotations "useful" -## MacOS X only +## OS X only -These are items relevant *only* on MacOS. +These are items relevant *only* on OS X. -- Package management with `brew` (Homebrew) and/or `port` (MacPorts). These can be used to install on MacOS many of the above commands. +- Package management with `brew` (Homebrew) and/or `port` (MacPorts). These can be used to install on OS X many of the above commands. - Copy output of any command to a desktop app with `pbcopy` and paste input from one with `pbpaste`. -- To enable the Option key in Mac OS Terminal as an alt key (such as used in the commands above like **alt-b**, **alt-f**, etc.), open Preferences -> Profiles -> Keyboard and select "Use Option as Meta key". +- To enable the Option key in OS X Terminal as an alt key (such as used in the commands above like **alt-b**, **alt-f**, etc.), open Preferences -> Profiles -> Keyboard and select "Use Option as Meta key". - To open a file with a desktop app, use `open` or `open -a /Applications/Whatever.app`. - Spotlight: Search files with `mdfind` and list metadata (such as photo EXIF info) with `mdls`. -- Be aware MacOS is based on BSD Unix, and many commands (for example `ps`, `ls`, `tail`, `awk`, `sed`) have many subtle variations from Linux, which is largely influenced by System V-style Unix and GNU tools. You can often tell the difference by noting a man page has the heading "BSD General Commands Manual." In some cases GNU versions can be installed, too (such as `gawk` and `gsed` for GNU awk and sed). If writing cross-platform Bash scripts, avoid such commands (for example, consider Python or `perl`) or test carefully. +- Be aware OS X is based on BSD Unix, and many commands (for example `ps`, `ls`, `tail`, `awk`, `sed`) have many subtle variations from Linux, which is largely influenced by System V-style Unix and GNU tools. You can often tell the difference by noting a man page has the heading "BSD General Commands Manual." In some cases GNU versions can be installed, too (such as `gawk` and `gsed` for GNU awk and sed). If writing cross-platform Bash scripts, avoid such commands (for example, consider Python or `perl`) or test carefully. -- To get MacOS release information, use `sw_vers`. +- To get OS X release information, use `sw_vers`. +## Windows only + +These items are relevant *only* on Windows. + +- On Windows 10, you can use [Bash on Ubuntu on Windows](https://msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/wsl/about), which provides a familiar Bash environment with Unix command line utilities. On the plus side, this allows Linux programs to run on Windows. On the other hand this does not support the running of Windows programs from the Bash prompt. + +- Access the power of the Unix shell under Microsoft Windows by installing [Cygwin](https://cygwin.com/). Most of the things described in this document will work out of the box. + +- Install additional Unix programs with the Cygwin's package manager. + +- Use `mintty` as your command-line window. + +- Access the Windows clipboard through `/dev/clipboard`. + +- Run `cygstart` to open an arbitrary file through its registered application. + +- Access the Windows registry with `regtool`. + +- Note that a `C:\` Windows drive path becomes `/cygdrive/c` under Cygwin, and that Cygwin's `/` appears under `C:\cygwin` on Windows. Convert between Cygwin and Windows-style file paths with `cygpath`. This is most useful in scripts that invoke Windows programs. + +- You can perform and script most Windows system administration tasks from the command line by learning and using `wmic`. + +- Another option to get Unix look and feel under Windows is [Cash](https://github.com/dthree/cash). Note that only very few Unix commands and command-line options are available in this environment. + +- An alternative option to get GNU developer tools (such as GCC) on Windows is [MinGW](http://www.mingw.org/) and its [MSYS](http://www.mingw.org/wiki/msys) package, which provides utilities such as bash, gawk, make and grep. MSYS doesn't have all the features compared to Cygwin. MinGW is particularly useful for creating native Windows ports of Unix tools. ## More resources - [awesome-shell](https://github.com/alebcay/awesome-shell): A curated list of shell tools and resources. -- [awesome-osx-command-line](https://github.com/herrbischoff/awesome-osx-command-line): A more in-depth guide for the Mac OS command line. +- [awesome-osx-command-line](https://github.com/herrbischoff/awesome-osx-command-line): A more in-depth guide for the OS X command line. - [Strict mode](http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/) for writing better shell scripts. - [shellcheck](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck): A shell script static analysis tool. Essentially, lint for bash/sh/zsh. - [Filenames and Pathnames in Shell](http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/filenames-in-shell.html): The sadly complex minutiae on how to handle filenames correctly in shell scripts. - +- [Data Science at the Command Line](http://datascienceatthecommandline.com/#tools): More commands and tools helpful for doing data science, from the book of the same name ## Disclaimer From a5c2181b188dc9f1b9aefb821d1aa57ec9b410c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Wed, 4 Jan 2017 09:21:42 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 13/17] =?UTF-8?q?Dosya=20ve=20Bilgi=20=C4=B0=C5=9Fleme=20i?= =?UTF-8?q?s=20finished?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README-tr.md | 75 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 725b848..9a1e02e 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -196,90 +196,97 @@ Kati modlari kullanmaniz tavsiye edilir kesinlikle. Hatalarda iptal etmek icin ` ``` -## Processing files and data +## Dosya ve Bilgi İşleme -- To locate a file by name in the current directory, `find . -iname '*something*'` (or similar). To find a file anywhere by name, use `locate something` (but bear in mind `updatedb` may not have indexed recently created files). +- Bulunmus oldugunuz dizinde dosyalari isme gore aramak icin `find . -iname '*something*'` i kullanin. Herhangi bir yerde dosya bulmak icin `locate bir-dosya` kullanin(`updatedb` nin guncel olmadigini da goz onunde bulundurmaniz gerekebilir.) -- For general searching through source or data files (more advanced than `grep -r`), use [`ag`](https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher). +- Kaynak veya veri dosyaları üzerinden genel arama yapmak için (`grep -r`'den daha gelismis) use [`ag`](https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher) kullanin. -- To convert HTML to text: `lynx -dump -stdin` +- HTML'i metne dönüştürmek için: `lynx -dump -stdin` -- For Markdown, HTML, and all kinds of document conversion, try [`pandoc`](http://pandoc.org/). +- Markdown, HTML ve her türlü belge dönüşümü için [`pandoc`](http://pandoc.org/) deneyin. -- If you must handle XML, `xmlstarlet` is old but good. +- XML ile uğraşmanız gerekiyorsa, `xmlstarlet` eski ama iyidir. -- For JSON, use [`jq`](http://stedolan.github.io/jq/). +- JSON icin [`jq`](http://stedolan.github.io/jq/)'i kullanin. -- For YAML, use [`shyaml`](https://github.com/0k/shyaml). +- YAML icin [`shyaml`](https://github.com/0k/shyaml)'i kullanin. -- For Excel or CSV files, [csvkit](https://github.com/onyxfish/csvkit) provides `in2csv`, `csvcut`, `csvjoin`, `csvgrep`, etc. +- Excel veya CSV dosyaları için [csvkit](https://github.com/onyxfish/csvkit) `in2csv`,` csvcut`, `csvjoin`,` csvgrep` vb. sağlar. -- For Amazon S3, [`s3cmd`](https://github.com/s3tools/s3cmd) is convenient and [`s4cmd`](https://github.com/bloomreach/s4cmd) is faster. Amazon's [`aws`](https://github.com/aws/aws-cli) and the improved [`saws`](https://github.com/donnemartin/saws) are essential for other AWS-related tasks. +- Amazon S3 için, [`s3cmd`](https://github.com/s3tools/s3cmd) kullanışlıdır ve [`s4cmd`](https://github.com/bloomreach/s4cmd) daha hızlıdır. Amazon'un [aws] (https://github.com/aws/aws-cli) ve iyileştirilmiş [`saws`](https://github.com/donnemartin/saws) diğer AWS ile ilgili görevler için gereklidir . -- Know about `sort` and `uniq`, including uniq's `-u` and `-d` options -- see one-liners below. See also `comm`. +- Uniq'ın `-u` ve` -d` seçenekleri de dahil olmak üzere `sort` ve` uniq` hakkında bilgi edinin - aşağıdaki tek gövdeleri görün. Ayrıca bkz. `Comm`. -- Know about `cut`, `paste`, and `join` to manipulate text files. Many people use `cut` but forget about `join`. +- Metin dosyalarını değiştirmek için `cut`'kes', `paste`'yapıştır' ve `join`katıl' hakkında bilgi sahibi olun. Çoğu kimse `cut` kullanır fakat` join 'kelimesini unutur. -- Know about `wc` to count newlines (`-l`), characters (`-m`), words (`-w`) and bytes (`-c`). +- Yeni satırları (`-l`), karakterleri (` -m`), kelimeleri (`-w`) ve baytları (` -c`) saymak için `wc` hakkında bilgi sahibi olun. -- Know about `tee` to copy from stdin to a file and also to stdout, as in `ls -al | tee file.txt`. +- `tee` ile ilgili bilgiyi stdin'den bir dosyaya kopyalamayi bilin , `ls -al | Tee file.txt`'da oldugu gibi. -- For more complex calculations, including grouping, reversing fields, and statistical calculations, consider [`datamash`](https://www.gnu.org/software/datamash/). +- Gruplama, ters alanlar ve istatistiksel hesaplamalar da dahil olmak üzere daha karmaşık hesaplamalar için [`datamash`](https://www.gnu.org/software/datamash/)'i göz önünde bulundurun. -- Know that locale affects a lot of command line tools in subtle ways, including sorting order (collation) and performance. Most Linux installations will set `LANG` or other locale variables to a local setting like US English. But be aware sorting will change if you change locale. And know i18n routines can make sort or other commands run *many times* slower. In some situations (such as the set operations or uniqueness operations below) you can safely ignore slow i18n routines entirely and use traditional byte-based sort order, using `export LC_ALL=C`. +- Yerel ayarın, sıralama düzeni (harmanlama) ve performans da dahil olmak üzere çok sayıda komut satırı araçlarını ince şekillerde etkilediğini bilin. Çoğu Linux kurulumu, `LANG` veya diğer yerel ayar değişkenlerini, ABD İngilizcesi gibi yerel bir ayara ayarlar. Ancak, yerel ayarı değiştirirseniz, sıralama değişir. i18n rutinleri, sıralama veya diğer komutların *birçok kez* daha yavaş çalışmasını sağlayabilir. Bazı durumlarda(aşağıda belirlenen işlemler veya teklik işlemleri gibi) yavaş i18n yordamlarını tamamen yok sayabilir ve `export LC_ALL = C` kullanarak geleneksel bayt tabanlı sıralama düzenini kullanabilirsiniz. -- You can set a specific command's environment by prefixing its invocation with the environment variable settings, as in `TZ=Pacific/Fiji date`. +- Belirli bir komut ortamını, `TZ = Pasifik / Fiji tarihi 'gibi ortam değişken ayarlarıyla önek ekleyerek ayarlayabilirsiniz. -- Know basic `awk` and `sed` for simple data munging. For example, summing all numbers in the third column of a text file: `awk '{ x += $3 } END { print x }'`. This is probably 3X faster and 3X shorter than equivalent Python. +- Basit veri mungajı için temel `awk` ve `sed` leri bilir. Örneğin, bir metin dosyasının üçüncü sütunundaki tüm sayıların toplanması: `awk'{x + = $ 3} END {print x}'` . Muhtemelen eşdeğer Python'dan 3 kat daha hızlı ve 3 kat daha kısa. -- To replace all occurrences of a string in place, in one or more files: +- Yerinde, bir veya daha fazla dosyada bulunan tüm dizgelerin yerini değiştirmek için: ```sh - perl -pi.bak -e 's/old-string/new-string/g' my-files-*.txt + perl -pi.bak -e 's/eski-string/yeni-string/g' my-files-*.txt ``` -- To rename multiple files and/or search and replace within files, try [`repren`](https://github.com/jlevy/repren). (In some cases the `rename` command also allows multiple renames, but be careful as its functionality is not the same on all Linux distributions.) +- Birden fazla dosyayı yeniden adlandırmak ve / veya dosyaları aramak ve değiştirmek için, [`repren`](https://github.com/jlevy/repren)'i deneyin. (Bazı durumlarda `rename` komutu aynı zamanda birden fazla yeniden adlandırma yapmasına izin verir, ancak tüm Linux dağıtımlarında işlevselliği aynı olmadığından dikkatli olun.) + ```sh # Full rename of filenames, directories, and contents foo -> bar: + # Dosya adlarının, dizinlerin ve içindekilerin tam adını değiştirme foo -> bar: repren --full --preserve-case --from foo --to bar . # Recover backup files whatever.bak -> whatever: + # Yedek dosyaları kurtarmak whatever.bak -> ne olursa olsun: repren --renames --from '(.*)\.bak' --to '\1' *.bak # Same as above, using rename, if available: + # Varsa, yeniden adlandırma işlevini kullanarak yukarıdakiyle aynı: rename 's/\.bak$//' *.bak ``` -- As the man page says, `rsync` really is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It's known for synchronizing between machines but is equally useful locally. When security restrictions allow, using `rsync` instead of `scp` allows recovery of a transfer without restarting from scratch. It also is among the [fastest ways](https://web.archive.org/web/20130929001850/http://linuxnote.net/jianingy/en/linux/a-fast-way-to-remove-huge-number-of-files.html) to delete large numbers of files: +- Manual sayfasida belirtildiği gibi, `rsync` gerçekten hızlı ve özel olarak çok yönlü bir dosya kopyalama aracıdır. Makineler arasında senkronizasyon yapılması bilinir ancak yerel olarak da eşit derecede yararlıdır. Güvenlik kısıtlamaları izin verdiği zaman, `scp` yerine` rsync` kullanılması, sıfırdan başlamaksızın bir aktarımın kurtarılmasına izin verir. Ayrıca, çok sayıda dosyayı silmek için kullanılan [en hızlı yöntemler](https://web.archive.org/web/20130929001850/http://linuxnote.net/jianingy/en/linux/a-fast-way-to-remove-huge-number-of-files.html) arasındadır: ```sh mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir ``` -- Use `shuf` to shuffle or select random lines from a file. +-Bir dosyadan rastgele çizgiler karıştırmak veya seçmek için `shuf` kullanın. -- Know `sort`'s options. For numbers, use `-n`, or `-h` for handling human-readable numbers (e.g. from `du -h`). Know how keys work (`-t` and `-k`). In particular, watch out that you need to write `-k1,1` to sort by only the first field; `-k1` means sort according to the whole line. Stable sort (`sort -s`) can be useful. For example, to sort first by field 2, then secondarily by field 1, you can use `sort -k1,1 | sort -s -k2,2`. +- `sort`un seçeneklerini bilir. Rakamlar için, insan tarafından okunabilen sayıları (ör. 'du -h') işlemek için `-n` veya `-h` kullanın. Tuşların nasıl çalıştığını bilin (`-t` ve` -k`). Özellikle, yalnızca ilk alana göre sıralamak için `-k1,1 'yazmanız gerektiğine dikkat edin; `-k1`, tüm satıra göre sıralama anlamına gelir. Kararlı sıralama (`sort -s`) faydalı olabilir. Örneğin, önce alan 2'ye, daha sonra da alan 1'e göre sıralamak için `sort -k1,1 | sort -s -k2,2`. -- If you ever need to write a tab literal in a command line in Bash (e.g. for the -t argument to sort), press **ctrl-v** **[Tab]** or write `$'\t'` (the latter is better as you can copy/paste it). +- Şimdiye kadar Bash'te bir komut satırı içine bir sekme literali yazmanız gerekiyorsa (örneğin, -t argümanı sıralama için) ** ctrl-v ** ** [Tab] ** tuşlarına basın ya da `$ '\ t'` yazarsanız (Kopyalama / yapıştırma gibi ikinci seçenek daha iyidir). -- The standard tools for patching source code are `diff` and `patch`. See also `diffstat` for summary statistics of a diff and `sdiff` for a side-by-side diff. Note `diff -r` works for entire directories. Use `diff -r tree1 tree2 | diffstat` for a summary of changes. Use `vimdiff` to compare and edit files. +- Kaynak koda eklemenin standart araçları `diff` ve` patch` dir. Ayrıca diff için özet istatistikler için `diffstat` ve yan yana diff için` sdiff` bakınız. `Diff -r 'dizininin tamamı için işe yarar. `Diff -r tree1 tree2'yi kullanın. Değişikliklerin özeti için diffstat`. Dosyaları karşılaştırmak ve düzenlemek için `vimdiff 'kullanın. -- For binary files, use `hd`, `hexdump` or `xxd` for simple hex dumps and `bvi`, `hexedit` or `biew` for binary editing. +- İkili dosyalar için basit hex dökümleri için `hd`,` hexdump` veya `xxd` kullanın ve ikili düzenleme için` bvi`, `hexedit` veya `biew` kullanın. -- Also for binary files, `strings` (plus `grep`, etc.) lets you find bits of text. +- İkili dosyalar için de, `strings '(artı `grep`, vb.) metin bitlerini bulmanızı sağlar. -- For binary diffs (delta compression), use `xdelta3`. +- İkili farklar için (delta sıkıştırma), `xdelta3` kullanın. + +- Metin kodlamalarını dönüştürmek için, `iconv`'yi deneyin. Veya daha gelişmiş kullanım için `uconv`; Bazı gelişmiş Unicode şeyleri destekler. Örneğin, bu komut, tüm vurguları azaltır ve kaldırır (bunları genişletip bırakarak): -- To convert text encodings, try `iconv`. Or `uconv` for more advanced use; it supports some advanced Unicode things. For example, this command lowercases and removes all accents (by expanding and dropping them): ```sh uconv -f utf-8 -t utf-8 -x '::Any-Lower; ::Any-NFD; [:Nonspacing Mark:] >; ::Any-NFC; ' < input.txt > output.txt ``` -- To split files into pieces, see `split` (to split by size) and `csplit` (to split by a pattern). +- Dosyaları parçalara ayırmak için, `split` (boyuta göre bölmek için) ve` csplit` (bir desenle bölmek için) bölümüne bakın. -- To manipulate date and time expressions, use `dateadd`, `datediff`, `strptime` etc. from [`dateutils`](http://www.fresse.org/dateutils/). +- Tarih ve saat ifadelerini işlemek için, [`dateutils`](http://www.fresse.org/dateutils/) içindeki `dateadd`, `datediff`,` strptime` vb. Işlevlerini kullanın. -- Use `zless`, `zmore`, `zcat`, and `zgrep` to operate on compressed files. +- Sıkıştırılmış dosyalar üzerinde çalışmak için `zless`,` zmore`, `zcat` ve` zgrep` kullanın. - File attributes are settable via `chattr` and offer a lower-level alternative to file permissions. For example, to protect against accidental file deletion the immutable flag: `sudo chattr +i /critical/directory/or/file` -- Use `getfacl` and `setfacl` to save and restore file permissions. For example: +- Dosya öznitelikleri `chattr` vasıtasıyla ayarlanabilir ve dosya izinlerine alt düzey bir alternatif sunabilir. Örneğin, yanlışlıkla dosya silinmeye karşı korumak için değişmez bayrak: `sudo chattr +i /kritik/dizin/veya/dosya ' + +- Dosya izinlerini kaydetmek ve geri yüklemek için `getfacl` ve` setfacl` kullanın. Örneğin: ```sh getfacl -R /some/path > permissions.txt setfacl --restore=permissions.txt From 8bf5f78c61adabf07382d555007bea93168450cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Wed, 4 Jan 2017 21:50:55 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 14/17] Turkish translation is finished - first version --- README-tr.md | 366 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- 1 file changed, 178 insertions(+), 188 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 9a1e02e..5557be5 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -3,20 +3,22 @@ ] -# Komut İstemi Sanatı +# Komuta Hattı Sanatı [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) + - [Meta](#meta) -- [Temeller](#temeller) -- [Gunluk Kullanim](#everyday-use) -- [Processing files and data](#processing-files-and-data) -- [System debugging](#system-debugging) -- [One-liners](#one-liners) -- [Obscure but useful](#obscure-but-useful) -- [MacOS X only](#macos-x-only) -- [More resources](#more-resources) -- [Disclaimer](#disclaimer) +- [Temel Bilgiler](#basics) +- [Günlük kullanım](#everyday-use) +- [Dosyaları ve Verileri Işleme](#processing-files-and-data) +- [Sistem Hata Ayıklama](#system-debugging) +- [Tek Gömlekler](#one-liners) +- [Belirsiz Ama Kullanışlı](#obscure-but-useful) +- [Yalnızca OS X](#os-x-only) +- [Yalnızca Windows](#windows-only) +- [Daha Fazla Kaynak](#more-resources) +- [Feragatname](#disclaimer) ![curl -s 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line/master/README.md' | egrep -o '`\w+`' | tr -d '`' | cowsay -W50](cowsay.png) @@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ Notlar: - Komutlarin, seceneklerin veya veri yollarinin vs. ne yaptigi hakinda kullanisli bir analiz elde etmek icin [Explainshell](http://explainshell.com/)`i ziyaret edin. -## Temeller +## Temel Bilgiler - Temel Bashi ögren. Aslinda, `man bash` yaz ve en azindan hepsini hizla gozden gecir; cok uzun olmadigi gibi takip etmesi de kolay. Alternatif shelller guzel olabilir, ancak Bash güçlü ve kullanisli (*sadece* zsh, fish, etc.`i ogrenmek, kendi laptopunda deneyerek, bircok durumda kisitlayarak, mesela mevcut sunuculari kullanarak). @@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ Notlar: - `apt-get` i kullanmasini bilin, `yum`, `dnf` veya `pacman` (distrolara bagli farkliliklar olabilir) ki hazir packagelari bulup yukleyebilesiniz. Python-temelli komutlari kullanmak icin `pip`i kullanin (bircogu `pip` ile kolaylikla yuklenebilir). -## Everyday use +## Günlük kullanım - Bash`te otomatik tamamlama ve mevcut komutlari listelemek icin **Tab** kullanin. Komut gecmisinde arama yapmak icin **ctrl-r**`i kullanin. **ctrl-r**`i kullanarak arama sonuclarini dolasabilirsiniz. **Enter**`a basarak o komutu calistirabilirsiniz. @@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ Kati modlari kullanmaniz tavsiye edilir kesinlikle. Hatalarda iptal etmek icin ` # baslangic dizininde komut calistirmaya devam et ``` --Bash`te birden fazla degisken genlestirme yolu vardir. Degiskenin varligini kontrol et: `${isim:?hata mesaji}`. Ornegin, eger bir bash skripti bir arguman gerektiriyorda, sadece bunu yaz `input_file=${1:?usage: $0 input_file}`. Eger bir degisken bos ise öndeğer kullanmak icin `${name:-öndeğer}` kullanin. Eger opsiyonel olarak bir parametre eklemek isterseniz `output_file=${2:-logfile}` i kullanin. Aritmetik acilim: `i=$(( (i + 1) % 5 ))`. Sira veya duzen `{1..10}`. String kirpmak icin `${var%suffix}` ve `${var#prefix}` kullanin. Ornegin if `var=foo.pdf`, then `echo ${var%.pdf}.txt` `foo.txt` yazar. +- Bash`te birden fazla degisken genlestirme yolu vardir. Degiskenin varligini kontrol et: `${isim:?hata mesaji}`. Ornegin, eger bir bash skripti bir arguman gerektiriyorda, sadece bunu yaz `input_file=${1:?usage: $0 input_file}`. Eger bir degisken bos ise öndeğer kullanmak icin `${name:-öndeğer}` kullanin. Eger opsiyonel olarak bir parametre eklemek isterseniz `output_file=${2:-logfile}` i kullanin. Aritmetik acilim: `i=$(( (i + 1) % 5 ))`. Sira veya duzen `{1..10}`. String kirpmak icin `${var%suffix}` ve `${var#prefix}` kullanin. Ornegin if `var=foo.pdf`, then `echo ${var%.pdf}.txt` `foo.txt` yazar. - Kaşlı ayraç `{`...`}` ayni seyleri yazmayi azaltir ve bazi ogelerin kombinasyonunu kolaylastirir. Ornegin `mv foo.{txt,pdf} some-dir` (iki dosyayi da tasir), `cp somefile{,.bak}` (genislemis hali `cp somefile somefile.bak`) veya `mkdir -p test-{a,b,c}/subtest-{1,2,3}` (bu komut genisler ve seceneklerdeki kombinasyonlar ile dizinleri olusturur). @@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ Kati modlari kullanmaniz tavsiye edilir kesinlikle. Hatalarda iptal etmek icin ` - Ekrani coklamak icin `screen` veya [`tmux`](https://tmux.github.io/)i kullanin. Ozellikle uzak oturumlarda oturum acmak, baglamak ve koparmak icin faydalidir. `byobu`u kullanabilirsiniz gelişmiş ekran kolay yonetim icin. Daga minimal alternatif icin oturum dayanıklı icin [`dtach`](https://github.com/bogner/dtach). --ssh te tunel port icin `-L` ve `-D` (ve bazilari `-R`) faydalidir. Uzak dağıtıcı(server)daki web sitelerine ulasmak bir ornek olarak gosterilebilir. +- ssh te tunel port icin `-L` ve `-D` (ve bazilari `-R`) faydalidir. Uzak dağıtıcı(server)daki web sitelerine ulasmak bir ornek olarak gosterilebilir. - ssh konfigurasyonunu eniyileme icin bir kac degisiklik yapmak onerilir; Ornegin, `~/.ssh/config` ta bazi ag cevrelinde baglanti kopuklugunu onlemek icin ayarlar bulunur. Sıkıştırma(kompres) (bant baglantilarinda scp kullanmada faydalidir), ve kanallarinda multiplex(coklama) yapar ayni vericiye: ``` @@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ Kati modlari kullanmaniz tavsiye edilir kesinlikle. Hatalarda iptal etmek icin ` - Komut verilerinden sonra(mesela `git`) dosyalar ile etkilesim icin `fpp` ([PathPicker](https://github.com/facebook/PathPicker)) kullanin. --Basit bir web sunucusu icin `python -m SimpleHTTPServer 7777` (for port 7777 and Python 2) ve `python -m http.server 7777` (for port 7777 and Python 3). Bu sunucu bulunmus oldugunuz dizin ve butun alt dizinleri icin sunucu olusturur kendi networkunuzdakiler icin. +- Basit bir web sunucusu icin `python -m SimpleHTTPServer 7777` (for port 7777 and Python 2) ve `python -m http.server 7777` (for port 7777 and Python 3). Bu sunucu bulunmus oldugunuz dizin ve butun alt dizinleri icin sunucu olusturur kendi networkunuzdakiler icin. - Baska bir kullanici olarak komut calistirmak icin `sudo`yu kullanin. Root(kok) olarak kulanabileceginiz kullanabilceginiz on degerler; `-u` baska bir kullanici belirtmek icin. `-i` baska bir kullanici icin giris yapmak icin (sifreniz sorulacaktir). @@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ Kati modlari kullanmaniz tavsiye edilir kesinlikle. Hatalarda iptal etmek icin ` ``` -## Dosya ve Bilgi İşleme +## Dosyaları ve verileri işleme - Bulunmus oldugunuz dizinde dosyalari isme gore aramak icin `find . -iname '*something*'` i kullanin. Herhangi bir yerde dosya bulmak icin `locate bir-dosya` kullanin(`updatedb` nin guncel olmadigini da goz onunde bulundurmaniz gerekebilir.) @@ -292,82 +294,86 @@ mkdir empty && rsync -r --delete empty/ some-dir && rmdir some-dir setfacl --restore=permissions.txt ``` -## System debugging +## Sistem hata ayıklama -- For web debugging, `curl` and `curl -I` are handy, or their `wget` equivalents, or the more modern [`httpie`](https://github.com/jkbrzt/httpie). +- Web'de hata ayıklama için, `curl` ve` curl -I` kullanışlı ya da `wget` eşdeğerleri veya daha modern [` httpie`] (https://github.com/jkbrzt/httpie). -- To know current cpu/disk status, the classic tools are `top` (or the better `htop`), `iostat`, and `iotop`. Use `iostat -mxz 15` for basic CPU and detailed per-partition disk stats and performance insight. +- Mevcut cpu / disk durumunu bilmek için, klasik araçlar `üst` (veya daha iyi `htop`), `iostat` ve` iotop`. Temel CPU ve ayrıntılı bölüm başına disk istatistikleri ve performans bilgisi için `iostat -mxz 15` kullanın. -- For network connection details, use `netstat` and `ss`. +- Ağ bağlantısı detayları için `netstat` ve` ss` kullanın. -- For a quick overview of what's happening on a system, `dstat` is especially useful. For broadest overview with details, use [`glances`](https://github.com/nicolargo/glances). - -- To know memory status, run and understand the output of `free` and `vmstat`. In particular, be aware the "cached" value is memory held by the Linux kernel as file cache, so effectively counts toward the "free" value. - -- Java system debugging is a different kettle of fish, but a simple trick on Oracle's and some other JVMs is that you can run `kill -3 ` and a full stack trace and heap summary (including generational garbage collection details, which can be highly informative) will be dumped to stderr/logs. The JDK's `jps`, `jstat`, `jstack`, `jmap` are useful. [SJK tools](https://github.com/aragozin/jvm-tools) are more advanced. - -- Use [`mtr`](http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/) as a better traceroute, to identify network issues. - -- For looking at why a disk is full, [`ncdu`](https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu) saves time over the usual commands like `du -sh *`. - -- To find which socket or process is using bandwidth, try [`iftop`](http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/iftop/) or [`nethogs`](https://github.com/raboof/nethogs). - -- The `ab` tool (comes with Apache) is helpful for quick-and-dirty checking of web server performance. For more complex load testing, try `siege`. - -- For more serious network debugging, [`wireshark`](https://wireshark.org/), [`tshark`](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/AppToolstshark.html), or [`ngrep`](http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/). - -- Know about `strace` and `ltrace`. These can be helpful if a program is failing, hanging, or crashing, and you don't know why, or if you want to get a general idea of performance. Note the profiling option (`-c`), and the ability to attach to a running process (`-p`). - -- Know about `ldd` to check shared libraries etc. - -- Know how to connect to a running process with `gdb` and get its stack traces. - -- Use `/proc`. It's amazingly helpful sometimes when debugging live problems. Examples: `/proc/cpuinfo`, `/proc/meminfo`, `/proc/cmdline`, `/proc/xxx/cwd`, `/proc/xxx/exe`, `/proc/xxx/fd/`, `/proc/xxx/smaps` (where `xxx` is the process id or pid). - -- When debugging why something went wrong in the past, [`sar`](http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/) can be very helpful. It shows historic statistics on CPU, memory, network, etc. - -- For deeper systems and performance analyses, look at `stap` ([SystemTap](https://sourceware.org/systemtap/wiki)), [`perf`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf_(Linux)), and [`sysdig`](https://github.com/draios/sysdig). - -- Check what OS you're on with `uname` or `uname -a` (general Unix/kernel info) or `lsb_release -a` (Linux distro info). - -- Use `dmesg` whenever something's acting really funny (it could be hardware or driver issues). - -- If you delete a file and it doesn't free up expected disk space as reported by `du`, check whether the file is in use by a process: -`lsof | grep deleted | grep "filename-of-my-big-file"` +- Bir sistemde olup bitenlere hızlı bir genel bakış için, `dstat` özellikle kullanışlıdır. Ayrıntılarla en geniş genel bakış için [`glances(bakışlar)`] (https://github.com/nicolargo/glances) kullanın. -## One-liners +- Bellek durumunu öğrenmek için, `free` ve` vmstat` çıktılarını çalıştırın ve anlayın. Özellikle, "cached(önbelleklenmiş)" değerin, Linux çekirdeği tarafından dosya önbellek olarak tutulduğunun ve dolayısıyla "özgür" değere etkili sayıldığının farkında olun. -A few examples of piecing together commands: +- Java sistem hata ayıklama, farklı bir su ısıtıcısıdır, ancak Oracle ve diğer bazı JVM'lerdeki basit bir hile, `kill -3 ` komutunu ve bir tam yığın izi ve yığın özetini (nesil çöp toplama ayrıntıları dahil olmak üzere) çalıştırabilirsiniz. Son derece bilgilendirici olmak için) stderr / logs'a boşaltılacaktır. JDK'nın `jps`,` jstat`, `jstack`,` jmap` faydalıdır. [SJK araçları] (https://github.com/aragozin/jvm-tools) daha gelişmiş. -- It is remarkably helpful sometimes that you can do set intersection, union, and difference of text files via `sort`/`uniq`. Suppose `a` and `b` are text files that are already uniqued. This is fast, and works on files of arbitrary size, up to many gigabytes. (Sort is not limited by memory, though you may need to use the `-T` option if `/tmp` is on a small root partition.) See also the note about `LC_ALL` above and `sort`'s `-u` option (left out for clarity below). -```sh +- Ağ sorunlarını tanımlamak için daha iyi bir traceroute olarak [`mtr`](http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/) kullanın. + + +- Bir diskin dolu olduğunu görmek için, [`ncdu`] (https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu),` du -sh * `gibi zamanki komutların üzerine zaman kazandırır. + + +- Hangi yuvanın veya işlemin bant genişliği kullandığını bulmak için [`iftop`] (http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/iftop/) veya [` nethogs`] (https://github.com/raboof/nethogs). + +- `ab` aracı (Apache ile birlikte gelir) web sunucusu performansının hızlı ve kirli kontrolü için yardımcı olur. Daha karmaşık yük testleri için `kuşatma 'deneyin. + +- Daha ciddi ağ hata ayıklaması için, [`wireshark`] (https://wireshark.org/), [` tshark`] (https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/AppToolstshark.html) veya [` Ngrep`] (http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/). + +- "strace" ve "ltrace" hakkında bilgi edinin. Bunlar, bir program başarısız, asılı veya kilitleniyorsa ve nedenini bilmiyorsanız veya performans hakkında genel bir fikir edinmek istiyorsanız yararlı olabilir. Profiling seçeneğini (`-c`) ve çalışan bir işleme (` -p`) yapabilme kabiliyetine dikkat edin. + +- Paylaşılan kitaplıkları vb. Kontrol etmek için `ldd` hakkında bilgi sahibi olun. + +- Çalışan bir işleme "gdb" ile nasıl bağlanacağınızı ve yığın izlerini nasıl elde edeceğinizi bilin. + +- `/proc` kullanın. Canlı sorunları ayıklarken inanılmaz derecede yararlıdır. Örnekler: `/ proc / cpuinfo`,` / proc / meminfo`, `/ proc / cmdline`,` / proc / xxx / cwd`, ​​`/ proc / xxx / exe`,` / proc / xxx / fd / ` , `/ Proc / xxx / smaps` (burada` xxx` süreç id veya pid'dir). + +- Geçmişte bir şeylerin neden ters gittiğini hata ayıklarken, [`sar`] (http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/) çok yardımcı olabilir. CPU, bellek, ağ vb. Ile ilgili tarihi istatistikleri gösterir. + +- Daha derin sistemler ve performans analizleri için `stap` ([SystemTap] (https://sourceware.org/systemtap/wiki)), [` perf`] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf_) (Linux)) ve [`sysdig`] (https://github.com/draios/sysdig). +- `uname` veya` uname -a` (genel Unix / çekirdek bilgisi) veya `lsb_release -a` (Linux dağıtım bilgisi) ile hangi işletim sisteminde olduğunuzu kontrol edin. + +- Bir şey gerçekten komik bir sekilde vakit geçirirse (donanım veya sürücü sorunları olabilir) 'dmesg' kullanın. + +- Bir dosyayı silerseniz ve beklenen disk alanını `du` tarafından bildirildiği şekilde boşa çıkarmazsa dosyanın bir süreç tarafından kullanılıp kullanılmadığını kontrol edin: +Lsof | Grep silindi | Grep "dosyaismi-of-my-big-file" ` + + +## TekGömlekler + +Komutları birbirine eklemeye ilişkin birkaç örnek: + +- Bazen bazen, `sort`/`uniq` ile kesişim, birleşim ve metin dosyaları farkını ayarlayabilmeniz son derece yararlıdır.`a` ve `b`'nin benzersiz metin dosyaları olduğunu varsayalım. Bu hızlıdır ve keyfi büyüklükteki dosyalar üzerinde, birçok gigabayta kadar çalışır. (Sort, bellek ile sınırlandırılmaz, ancak `/ tmp` küçük bir kök bölümündeyse` -T` seçeneğini kullanmanız gerekebilir.) Yukarıdaki `LC_ALL` ve` sort`` -u` seçeneği hakkındaki nota da bakınız (aşağıda netlik için dışarıda bırakılmıştır). + +- ```sh cat a b | sort | uniq > c # c is a union b cat a b | sort | uniq -d > c # c is a intersect b cat a b b | sort | uniq -u > c # c is set difference a - b ``` -- Use `grep . *` to quickly examine the contents of all files in a directory (so each line is paired with the filename), or `head -100 *` (so each file has a heading). This can be useful for directories filled with config settings like those in `/sys`, `/proc`, `/etc`. +- `grep . *`'i kullanin. Bir dizindeki tüm dosyaların içeriğini hızlı bir şekilde incelemek için (böylece her satır dosya ismi ile eşleştirilir) veya `head -100 *` (böylece her dosyanın bir başlığı vardır). Bu, `/ sys`,` / proc`, `/ etc` gibi yapılandırma ayarları ile dolu dizinler için yararlı olabilir. -- Summing all numbers in the third column of a text file (this is probably 3X faster and 3X less code than equivalent Python): -```sh +- Metin dosyasının üçüncü sütunundaki tüm sayıların toplanması (bu muhtemelen Python'dan 3 kat daha hızlı ve 3 kat daha az koddur): +- ```sh awk '{ x += $3 } END { print x }' myfile ``` -- To see sizes/dates on a tree of files, this is like a recursive `ls -l` but is easier to read than `ls -lR`: +- Bir ağaç dosyasında boyutları / tarihleri ​​görmek için, özyinelemeli `ls -l` gibidir ancak` ls -lR`'den daha okunması daha kolaydır: ```sh find . -type f -ls ``` -- Say you have a text file, like a web server log, and a certain value that appears on some lines, such as an `acct_id` parameter that is present in the URL. If you want a tally of how many requests for each `acct_id`: +- Bir web sunucusu günlüğü gibi bir metin dosyanıza ve URL'de bulunan bir 'acct_id' parametresi gibi bazı satırlarda görünen belirli bir değere sahip olduğunuzu varsayalım. Her `acct_id` için kaç tane istekte bulunacağını öğrenmek isterseniz: ```sh cat access.log | egrep -o 'acct_id=[0-9]+' | cut -d= -f2 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn ``` -- To continuously monitor changes, use `watch`, e.g. check changes to files in a directory with `watch -d -n 2 'ls -rtlh | tail'` or to network settings while troubleshooting your wifi settings with `watch -d -n 2 ifconfig`. -- Run this function to get a random tip from this document (parses Markdown and extracts an item): +- Değişiklikleri sürekli izlemek için, örneğin `watch` i kullanın; ör. `watch -d -n 2 'ls -rtlh | tail'` ile bir dizinde bulunan dosyalardaki değişiklikleri kontrol edin veya ağ ayarlarına girip `watch -d -n 2 ifconfig` ile wifi ayarlarınızı gidermek. + +- Bu dokümandan rastgele bir ipucu almak için bu işlevi çalıştırın (Markdown'ı ayrıştırır ve bir öğe çıkarır): ```sh function taocl() { curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line/master/README.md | @@ -379,215 +385,199 @@ A few examples of piecing together commands: ``` -## Obscure but useful +## Belirsiz ama kullanışlı -- `expr`: perform arithmetic or boolean operations or evaluate regular expressions +- `expr ': aritmetik veya boolean işlemleri gerçekleştirir veya normal ifadeleri değerlendirir -- `m4`: simple macro processor +- `m4`: basit makro işlemci -- `yes`: print a string a lot +- `yes': bir dize çok yazdır -- `cal`: nice calendar +- `cal`: güzel takvim -- `env`: run a command (useful in scripts) +- `env`: bir komut çalıştır (komut dosyalarında kullanışlı) -- `printenv`: print out environment variables (useful in debugging and scripts) +- `printenv`: ortam değişkenlerini basar (hata ayıklamada ve komut dosyalarında kullanışlıdır) -- `look`: find English words (or lines in a file) beginning with a string +- `look`: bir dize ile başlayan İngilizce kelimeleri (veya bir dosyadaki satırları) bulmak -- `cut`, `paste` and `join`: data manipulation +- `cut`,` paste` ve `join`: veri işleme -- `fmt`: format text paragraphs +- `fmt`: metin paragraflarını formatla -- `pr`: format text into pages/columns +- `pr`: metni sayfalara / sütunlara formatlar -- `fold`: wrap lines of text +- `fold`: metnin satırlarını sarar -- `column`: format text fields into aligned, fixed-width columns or tables +- `column`: metin alanlarını hizalanmış, sabit genişlikli sütunlara veya tablolara formatlar -- `expand` and `unexpand`: convert between tabs and spaces +- `expand` ve `unexpand`: sekmeler ve boşluklar arasında dönüştürme -- `nl`: add line numbers +- `nl`: satır numaralarını ekleme -- `seq`: print numbers +- `seq`: Numaraları yaz -- `bc`: calculator +- `bc`: hesap makinesi -- `factor`: factor integers +- `factor`: Faktör tamsayıları -- [`gpg`](https://gnupg.org/): encrypt and sign files +- [`gpg`](https://gnupg.org/): Dosyaları şifrelemek ve imzalamak -- `toe`: table of terminfo entries +- `toe`: Terminfo girişleri tablosu -- `nc`: network debugging and data transfer +- `nc`: Ağ hata ayıklama ve veri aktarımı -- `socat`: socket relay and tcp port forwarder (similar to `netcat`) +- `socat`: Soket rölesi ve tcp port iletici (`netcat`'e benzer) -- [`slurm`](https://github.com/mattthias/slurm): network traffic visualization +- [`slurm`](https://github.com/mattthias/slurm): Ağ trafiği görselleştirme -- `dd`: moving data between files or devices -- `file`: identify type of a file +- `dd`: Dosya veya cihaz arasında veri taşıma -- `tree`: display directories and subdirectories as a nesting tree; like `ls` but recursive +- `file`: Dosya türünü saptamak -- `stat`: file info +- `tree`: Dizinleri ve alt dizinleri yuvalanmış bir ağaç olarak görüntüleyin; `ls` gibi ama yinelemeli -- `time`: execute and time a command +- `stat`: Dosya bilgisi -- `timeout`: execute a command for specified amount of time and stop the process when the specified amount of time completes. +- `time`: Bir komut yürütmek ve zamanlama -- `lockfile`: create semaphore file that can only be removed by `rm -f` +- `timeout`: Belirtilen süre kadar bir komutu çalıştırın ve belirtilen süre dolduğunda işlemi durdurun. +- `lockfile`: Sadece `rm -f` ile kaldırılabilen semafor dosyası yarat +- `logrotate`: Döndürme, sıkıştırma ve postaları posta ile gönderme. -- `logrotate`: rotate, compress and mail logs. +- `watch`: Sonuçlar ve / veya değişiklikleri vurgulayarak, bir komut tekrar tekrar çalıştırın -- `watch`: run a command repeatedly, showing results and/or highlighting changes -- `tac`: print files in reverse +- `tac`: Dosyaları tersine yazdır -- `shuf`: random selection of lines from a file +- `shuf`: Bir dosyadan satırların rasgele seçilmesi -- `comm`: compare sorted files line by line +- `comm`: Sıralanmış dosyaları sırayla karşılaştır -- `pv`: monitor the progress of data through a pipe +- `pv`: Verilerin bir borudan ilerlemesini izleyin -- `strings`: extract text from binary files +- `strings`: Ikili dosyalardan metin çıkarmak -- `tr`: character translation or manipulation +- `tr`: Karakter çevirisi veya manipülasyon -- `iconv` or `uconv`: conversion for text encodings +- `iconv` or `uconv`: Metin kodlamaları için dönüşüm -- `split` and `csplit`: splitting files +- `split` ve `csplit`: Bölme dosyaları -- `sponge`: read all input before writing it, useful for reading from then writing to the same file, e.g., `grep -v something some-file | sponge some-file` -- `units`: unit conversions and calculations; converts furlongs per fortnight to twips per blink (see also `/usr/share/units/definitions.units`) +- `sponge`: Yazmadan önce tüm girdileri okuyun, sonra aynı dosyaya okumak için yararlıdır,ornek: `grep -v something some-file | sponge some-file` -- `apg`: generates random passwords +- `units`: Birim dönüşümleri ve hesaplamaları; İki haftada bir göz kırptığında göz kırpmalarına kadar bitki tellerine dönüşür (bkz. `/ Usr / share / units / definitions.units`) -- `xz`: high-ratio file compression +- `apg`: Rasgele şifreler üretir -- `ldd`: dynamic library info +- `xz`: Yüksek oranlı dosya sıkıştırma -- `nm`: symbols from object files +- `ldd`: Dinamik kitaplık info -- `ab`: benchmarking web servers +- `nm`: Nesne dosyalarından semboller -- `strace`: system call debugging +- `ab`: Karşılaştırma web sunucuları -- [`mtr`](http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/): better traceroute for network debugging +- `strace`: Hata ayıklama sistemi çağrısı -- `cssh`: visual concurrent shell +- [`mtr`](http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/): Ağ hata ayıklama için daha iyi traceroute +- `cssh`: Görsel eşzamanlı kabuk -- `rsync`: sync files and folders over SSH or in local file system +- `rsync`: SSH üzerinden veya yerel dosya sisteminde dosyaları ve klasörleri senkronize edin -- [`wireshark`](https://wireshark.org/) and [`tshark`](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/AppToolstshark.html): packet capture and network debugging +- [`wireshark`](https://wireshark.org/) vw [`tshark`](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/AppToolstshark.html): Paket yakalama ve ağ hata ayıklama +- [`ngrep`](http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/): Ağ katmanı için grep -- [`ngrep`](http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/): grep for the network layer +- `host` ve `dig`: DNS aramaları -- `host` and `dig`: DNS lookups +- `lsof`: Süreç dosya tanımlayıcısı ve soket bilgisi +- `dstat`: Kullanışlı sistem istatistikleri -- `lsof`: process file descriptor and socket info +- [`glances`](https://github.com/nicolargo/glances): Yüksek seviye, çoklu alt sisteme genel bakış +- `iostat`: Disk kullanım istatistikleri -- `dstat`: useful system stats +- `mpstat`: CPU kullanımı istatistikleri -- [`glances`](https://github.com/nicolargo/glances): high level, multi-subsystem overview +- `vmstat`: Bellek kullanım istatistikleri -- `iostat`: Disk usage stats +- `htop`: Üstün gelişmiş versiyonu -- `mpstat`: CPU usage stats +- `last`: Giriş geçmişi -- `vmstat`: Memory usage stats +- `w`: Kim oturum açmış? -- `htop`: improved version of top +- `id`: Kullanıcı / grup kimlik bilgisi -- `last`: login history +- [`sar`](http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/): Tarihi sistem istatistikleri +- [`iftop`](http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/iftop/) veya [`nethogs`](https://github.com/raboof/nethogs): Soket veya işlemle ağ kullanımı +- `ss`: Yuva istatistikleri -- `w`: who's logged on +- `dmesg`: Önyükleme ve sistem hata iletileri -- `id`: user/group identity info +- `sysctl`: Çalışma zamanında Linux çekirdeği parametrelerini görüntüleme ve yapılandırma -- [`sar`](http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/): historic system stats +- `hdparm`: SATA / ATA disk manipülasyonu / performansı -- [`iftop`](http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/iftop/) or [`nethogs`](https://github.com/raboof/nethogs): network utilization by socket or process +- `lsblk`: Blok aygıtları listele: disklerinizin ve disk bölümlerinin ağaç görünümü +- `lshw`, `lscpu`, `lspci`, `lsusb`, `dmidecode`: CPU, BIOS, RAID, grafik, aygıtlar vb. Dahil olmak üzere donanım bilgileri. -- `ss`: socket statistics +- `lsmod` vw `modinfo`: Çekirdek modüllerinin detaylarını listeleme ve gösterme. -- `dmesg`: boot and system error messages +- `fortune`, `ddate`, vw `sl`: Um, bu, buhar lokomotiflerini mi yoksa Zippy tekliflerini "faydalı" mı düşününce, -- `sysctl`: view and configure Linux kernel parameters at run time +## Yalnızca OS X -- `hdparm`: SATA/ATA disk manipulation/performance +Bunlar, OS X'de *yalnızca* ilgili öğelerdir. -- `lsblk`: list block devices: a tree view of your disks and disk partitions +- `brew` (Homebrew) ve / veya `port` (MacPorts) ile paket yönetimi. Bunlar, OS X'de yukarıdaki komutların birçoğunu yüklemek için kullanılabilir. -- `lshw`, `lscpu`, `lspci`, `lsusb`, `dmidecode`: hardware information, including CPU, BIOS, RAID, graphics, devices, etc. +- Herhangi bir komutun çıktısını `pbcopy` ile bir masaüstü uygulamasına kopyalayın ve` pbpaste` ile girdiyi yapıştırın. -- `lsmod` and `modinfo`: List and show details of kernel modules. +- OS X Terminalinde Option tuşunu bir alt anahtar olarak etkinleştirmek için (örneğin yukarıdaki komutlarda ** alt-b **, ** alt-f **, vb. Gibi) Tercihler -> Tercihler -> Klavye'yi açın Ve "Meta tuş olarak Seçeneği Kullan" ı seçin. -- `fortune`, `ddate`, and `sl`: um, well, it depends on whether you consider steam locomotives and Zippy quotations "useful" +- Bir masaüstü uygulaması olan bir dosyayı açmak için `open` veya` open -a/Applications/Whatever.app` kullanın. +- Spotlight: `mdfind` ile dosyaları arayın ve` mdls` ile meta verileri (fotoğraf EXIF ​​bilgisi gibi) listeleyin. -## OS X only +- OS X'in BSD Unix'e dayandığını ve birçok komutun (örneğin `ps`,` ls`, `tail`,` awk`, `sed`) Linux'un, System V'ten büyük oranda etkilenen birçok ince varyasyona sahip olduğunu unutmayın. - Unix ve GNU araçlarını biçimlendirin. Aradaki farkı, "BSD Genel Komutları El Kitabı" başlığına sahip bir sayfaya dikkat ederek söyleyebilirsiniz. Bazı durumlarda GNU sürümleri de kurulabilir (GNU awk ve sed için `gawk` ve` gsed` gibi). Çapraz platform Bash komut dosyaları yazıyorsanız, bu tür komutlardan kaçının (örneğin, Python veya `perl`'ı düşünün) veya dikkatli bir şekilde test edin. +- OS X sürüm bilgisi edinmek için `sw_vers` kullanın. -These are items relevant *only* on OS X. +## Yalnızca Windows -- Package management with `brew` (Homebrew) and/or `port` (MacPorts). These can be used to install on OS X many of the above commands. +=Bunlar, Windows'ta *yalnızca* ilgili öğelerdir. -- Copy output of any command to a desktop app with `pbcopy` and paste input from one with `pbpaste`. +- Windows 10'da, Unix komut satırı yardımcı programlarıyla tanıdık bir Bash ortamı sağlayan [Windows'da Ubuntu'da Bash] (https://msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/wsl/about) kullanabilirsiniz. Artı tarafta, Linux programları Windows'ta çalışmasına izin verir. Öte yandan, bu, Bash isteminden Windows programlarının çalışmasını desteklemez. +- [Cygwin] (https://cygwin.com/) yükleyerek Microsoft Windows altında Unix kabuğunun gücüne erişin. Bu belgede açıklanan şeylerin çoğu kutudan çıkmaz. -- To enable the Option key in OS X Terminal as an alt key (such as used in the commands above like **alt-b**, **alt-f**, etc.), open Preferences -> Profiles -> Keyboard and select "Use Option as Meta key". +- Cygwin'in paket yöneticisi ile birlikte ek Unix programları yükleyin. +- Komut satırı pencereniz olarak `mintty` kullanın. -- To open a file with a desktop app, use `open` or `open -a /Applications/Whatever.app`. +- Windows panosuna '/ dev / clipboard` ile erişin. +- Kayıtlı uygulaması aracılığıyla keyfi bir dosya açmak için `cygstart` çalıştırın. +- Windows kayıt defterine 'regtool' ile erişin. +- Windows yolunun `C: \` kısmı Cygwin'de `/ cygdrive / c` olur ve Cygwin'in` / `harfleri Windows'ta` C: \ cygwin` altında göründüğünü unutmayın. `Cygpath` ile Cygwin ve Windows tarzı dosya yolları arasında dönüştürme yapın. Bu, Windows programlarını çalıştıran komut dosyalarında en kullanışlıdır. -- Spotlight: Search files with `mdfind` and list metadata (such as photo EXIF info) with `mdls`. +- Windows sistem yönetim görevlerinin çoğunu komut satırından öğrenebilir ve `wmic` kullanarak komut verebilirsiniz. +- Unix'in Windows altında görünmesini sağlamak için bir başka seçenek de [Cash] (https://github.com/dthree/cash). Bu ortamda yalnızca çok az sayıda Unix komutunun ve komut satırı seçeneğinin kullanılabileceğini unutmayın. +- Windows'da GNU geliştirici araçlarını (GCC gibi) almak için alternatif bir seçenek [MinGW] (http://www.mingw.org/) ve onun [MSYS] (http://www.mingw.org/wiki/msys ) Paketi, bash, gawk, make ve grep gibi araçlara sahiptir. MSYS, Cygwin'e kıyasla tüm özelliklere sahip değildir. MinGW, özellikle yerel Windows bağlantı noktaları Unix araçları oluşturmak için kullanışlıdır. +## Daha fazla kaynak -- Be aware OS X is based on BSD Unix, and many commands (for example `ps`, `ls`, `tail`, `awk`, `sed`) have many subtle variations from Linux, which is largely influenced by System V-style Unix and GNU tools. You can often tell the difference by noting a man page has the heading "BSD General Commands Manual." In some cases GNU versions can be installed, too (such as `gawk` and `gsed` for GNU awk and sed). If writing cross-platform Bash scripts, avoid such commands (for example, consider Python or `perl`) or test carefully. +- [awesome-shell](https://github.com/alebcay/awesome-shell):Kılıflandırılmış kabuk araçları ve kaynakları listesi +- [awesome-osx-command-line](https://github.com/herrbischoff/awesome-osx-command-line): AOS X komut satırı için daha ayrıntılı rehber. +- [Strict mode](http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/) Daha iyi kabuk komut dosyaları yazmak için +- [shellcheck](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck):Bir kabuk komut dosyası statik analiz aracı. Esasen, bash / sh / zsh için lint. +- [Filenames and Pathnames in Shell](http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/filenames-in-shell.html): Kabuk betiklerinde dosya adlarını doğru şekilde işleme konusunda ne yazık ki karmaşık ayrıntılar. +- [Data Science at the Command Line](http://datascienceatthecommandline.com/#tools): Aynı adı taşıyan kitaptan veri bilimi yapmak için yardımcı olan daha fazla komut ve araçlar -- To get OS X release information, use `sw_vers`. +## Feragatname -## Windows only +Çok küçük görevler haricinde kod başkalarının okuyabilmesi için yazılmıştır. Güç ile birlikte sorumluluk gelir. Bash'de *bir şey yapabildiğinin*, mutlaka yapmanız gerektiği anlamına gelmez! ;) -These items are relevant *only* on Windows. -- On Windows 10, you can use [Bash on Ubuntu on Windows](https://msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/wsl/about), which provides a familiar Bash environment with Unix command line utilities. On the plus side, this allows Linux programs to run on Windows. On the other hand this does not support the running of Windows programs from the Bash prompt. - -- Access the power of the Unix shell under Microsoft Windows by installing [Cygwin](https://cygwin.com/). Most of the things described in this document will work out of the box. - -- Install additional Unix programs with the Cygwin's package manager. - -- Use `mintty` as your command-line window. - -- Access the Windows clipboard through `/dev/clipboard`. - -- Run `cygstart` to open an arbitrary file through its registered application. - -- Access the Windows registry with `regtool`. - -- Note that a `C:\` Windows drive path becomes `/cygdrive/c` under Cygwin, and that Cygwin's `/` appears under `C:\cygwin` on Windows. Convert between Cygwin and Windows-style file paths with `cygpath`. This is most useful in scripts that invoke Windows programs. - -- You can perform and script most Windows system administration tasks from the command line by learning and using `wmic`. - -- Another option to get Unix look and feel under Windows is [Cash](https://github.com/dthree/cash). Note that only very few Unix commands and command-line options are available in this environment. - -- An alternative option to get GNU developer tools (such as GCC) on Windows is [MinGW](http://www.mingw.org/) and its [MSYS](http://www.mingw.org/wiki/msys) package, which provides utilities such as bash, gawk, make and grep. MSYS doesn't have all the features compared to Cygwin. MinGW is particularly useful for creating native Windows ports of Unix tools. - -## More resources - -- [awesome-shell](https://github.com/alebcay/awesome-shell): A curated list of shell tools and resources. -- [awesome-osx-command-line](https://github.com/herrbischoff/awesome-osx-command-line): A more in-depth guide for the OS X command line. -- [Strict mode](http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/) for writing better shell scripts. -- [shellcheck](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck): A shell script static analysis tool. Essentially, lint for bash/sh/zsh. -- [Filenames and Pathnames in Shell](http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/filenames-in-shell.html): The sadly complex minutiae on how to handle filenames correctly in shell scripts. -- [Data Science at the Command Line](http://datascienceatthecommandline.com/#tools): More commands and tools helpful for doing data science, from the book of the same name - -## Disclaimer - -With the exception of very small tasks, code is written so others can read it. With power comes responsibility. The fact you *can* do something in Bash doesn't necessarily mean you should! ;) - - -## License +## Lisans [![Creative Commons License](https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) -This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). +Bu çalışma, [Creative Commons Atıf-Benzerlik 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı] (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) kapsamında lisanslanmıştır. \ No newline at end of file From e3b2aa09e6c0696975e05bcdc066b27a93e38972 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Wed, 4 Jan 2017 21:52:09 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 15/17] a typo is fixed --- README-tr.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 5557be5..1cea10c 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ Bunlar, OS X'de *yalnızca* ilgili öğelerdir. ## Yalnızca Windows -=Bunlar, Windows'ta *yalnızca* ilgili öğelerdir. +Bunlar, Windows'ta *yalnızca* ilgili öğelerdir. - Windows 10'da, Unix komut satırı yardımcı programlarıyla tanıdık bir Bash ortamı sağlayan [Windows'da Ubuntu'da Bash] (https://msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/wsl/about) kullanabilirsiniz. Artı tarafta, Linux programları Windows'ta çalışmasına izin verir. Öte yandan, bu, Bash isteminden Windows programlarının çalışmasını desteklemez. - [Cygwin] (https://cygwin.com/) yükleyerek Microsoft Windows altında Unix kabuğunun gücüne erişin. Bu belgede açıklanan şeylerin çoğu kutudan çıkmaz. From 70c76081722050f8547bda296ff8b3e08d9f4817 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Wed, 4 Jan 2017 22:01:37 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 16/17] added links to my translation at the top of every README*.md file. --- README-cs.md | 2 +- README-de.md | 2 +- README-el.md | 2 +- README-es.md | 2 +- README-fr.md | 2 +- README-id.md | 2 +- README-it.md | 2 +- README-ja.md | 2 +- README-ko.md | 2 +- README-ro.md | 2 +- README-ru.md | 2 +- README-sl.md | 2 +- README-tr.md | 6 +++--- README-uk.md | 2 +- README-zh-Hant.md | 2 +- README-zh.md | 2 +- README.md | 2 +- 17 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-cs.md b/README-cs.md index 53515fc..333e032 100644 --- a/README-cs.md +++ b/README-cs.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) . [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Umění příkazové řádky diff --git a/README-de.md b/README-de.md index 91e174e..cacd660 100644 --- a/README-de.md +++ b/README-de.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙[日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line diff --git a/README-el.md b/README-el.md index ed51640..dc40865 100644 --- a/README-el.md +++ b/README-el.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Η Τέχνη της Γραμμής Εντολών diff --git a/README-es.md b/README-es.md index d0d8d79..c164da8 100644 --- a/README-es.md +++ b/README-es.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙[Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # El Arte del Terminal diff --git a/README-fr.md b/README-fr.md index a979dba..48ff589 100644 --- a/README-fr.md +++ b/README-fr.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # L'art de la ligne de commande diff --git a/README-id.md b/README-id.md index aa5dba2..f5dbf2d 100644 --- a/README-id.md +++ b/README-id.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Seni dalam Baris Perintah diff --git a/README-it.md b/README-it.md index 066f7be..129563b 100644 --- a/README-it.md +++ b/README-it.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line (Traduzione Italiana) diff --git a/README-ja.md b/README-ja.md index c3aaca4..99fb136 100644 --- a/README-ja.md +++ b/README-ja.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line diff --git a/README-ko.md b/README-ko.md index 6930f94..469dd4f 100644 --- a/README-ko.md +++ b/README-ko.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line diff --git a/README-ro.md b/README-ro.md index aaa6277..803ed49 100644 --- a/README-ro.md +++ b/README-ro.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Arta liniei de comandă diff --git a/README-ru.md b/README-ru.md index 4a1de95..608f995 100644 --- a/README-ru.md +++ b/README-ru.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Искусство командной строки diff --git a/README-sl.md b/README-sl.md index 83d036c..f9ad809 100644 --- a/README-sl.md +++ b/README-sl.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Umetnost ukazne vrstice diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index 1cea10c..e7d8a53 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -[ Diller: -[İngilizce](README.md), [İspanyolca](README-es.md), [İtalyanca](README-it.md), [Japonca](README-ja.md), [Korece](README-ko.md), [Portekizce](README-pt.md), [Rusça](README-ru.md), [Slovakça](README-sl.md), [Ukraynaca](README-uk.md), [Çince](README-zh.md) -] +🌍 +*[İngilizce](README.md). [İspanyolca](README-es.md). [İtalyanca](README-it.md). [Japonca](README-ja.md). [Korece](README-ko.md). [Portekizce](README-pt.md). [Rusça](README-ru.md). [Slovakça](README-sl.md). [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Ukraynaca](README-uk.md). [Çince](README-zh.md)* + # Komuta Hattı Sanatı diff --git a/README-uk.md b/README-uk.md index c9212c1..348732e 100644 --- a/README-uk.md +++ b/README-uk.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Мистецтво командного рядка diff --git a/README-zh-Hant.md b/README-zh-Hant.md index 75f7086..cd3ec24 100644 --- a/README-zh-Hant.md +++ b/README-zh-Hant.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # 命令列的藝術 diff --git a/README-zh.md b/README-zh.md index f0f8918..1939e64 100644 --- a/README-zh.md +++ b/README-zh.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # 命令行的艺术 diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index e06f85b..27ddf35 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) . [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line From 31ddbb797d0dce88c5a4f5eb152bf557951e745f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ahmetshen-us Date: Wed, 4 Jan 2017 22:10:49 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 17/17] anchor text added in the native language --- README-cs.md | 2 +- README-de.md | 2 +- README-el.md | 2 +- README-es.md | 2 +- README-fr.md | 2 +- README-id.md | 2 +- README-it.md | 2 +- README-ja.md | 2 +- README-ko.md | 2 +- README-ro.md | 2 +- README-ru.md | 2 +- README-sl.md | 2 +- README-tr.md | 2 +- README-uk.md | 2 +- README-zh-Hant.md | 2 +- README-zh.md | 2 +- README.md | 2 +- 17 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/README-cs.md b/README-cs.md index 333e032..3bfaa5e 100644 --- a/README-cs.md +++ b/README-cs.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) . [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) . [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Umění příkazové řádky diff --git a/README-de.md b/README-de.md index cacd660..df8440e 100644 --- a/README-de.md +++ b/README-de.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙[日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙[日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line diff --git a/README-el.md b/README-el.md index dc40865..a68fcf1 100644 --- a/README-el.md +++ b/README-el.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Η Τέχνη της Γραμμής Εντολών diff --git a/README-es.md b/README-es.md index c164da8..bc2e3d9 100644 --- a/README-es.md +++ b/README-es.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙[Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙[Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # El Arte del Terminal diff --git a/README-fr.md b/README-fr.md index 48ff589..47cc594 100644 --- a/README-fr.md +++ b/README-fr.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # L'art de la ligne de commande diff --git a/README-id.md b/README-id.md index f5dbf2d..8369cd0 100644 --- a/README-id.md +++ b/README-id.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Seni dalam Baris Perintah diff --git a/README-it.md b/README-it.md index 129563b..c35eaa6 100644 --- a/README-it.md +++ b/README-it.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line (Traduzione Italiana) diff --git a/README-ja.md b/README-ja.md index 99fb136..8ec461f 100644 --- a/README-ja.md +++ b/README-ja.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line diff --git a/README-ko.md b/README-ko.md index 469dd4f..3d62a14 100644 --- a/README-ko.md +++ b/README-ko.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line diff --git a/README-ro.md b/README-ro.md index 803ed49..12de4b8 100644 --- a/README-ro.md +++ b/README-ro.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Arta liniei de comandă diff --git a/README-ru.md b/README-ru.md index 608f995..33be0cb 100644 --- a/README-ru.md +++ b/README-ru.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Искусство командной строки diff --git a/README-sl.md b/README-sl.md index f9ad809..01c92f9 100644 --- a/README-sl.md +++ b/README-sl.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Umetnost ukazne vrstice diff --git a/README-tr.md b/README-tr.md index e7d8a53..4fa599b 100644 --- a/README-tr.md +++ b/README-tr.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[İngilizce](README.md). [İspanyolca](README-es.md). [İtalyanca](README-it.md). [Japonca](README-ja.md). [Korece](README-ko.md). [Portekizce](README-pt.md). [Rusça](README-ru.md). [Slovakça](README-sl.md). [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Ukraynaca](README-uk.md). [Çince](README-zh.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) . [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* diff --git a/README-uk.md b/README-uk.md index 348732e..1348aca 100644 --- a/README-uk.md +++ b/README-uk.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙[Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # Мистецтво командного рядка diff --git a/README-zh-Hant.md b/README-zh-Hant.md index cd3ec24..7ab173d 100644 --- a/README-zh-Hant.md +++ b/README-zh-Hant.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # 命令列的藝術 diff --git a/README-zh.md b/README-zh.md index 1939e64..9f43430 100644 --- a/README-zh.md +++ b/README-zh.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # 命令行的艺术 diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 27ddf35..a283f90 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 🌍 -*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) . [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Turkish](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* +*[Čeština](README-cs.md) ∙ [Deutsch](README-de.md) ∙ [Ελληνικά](README-el.md) ∙ [English](README.md) ∙ [Español](README-es.md) ∙ [Français](README-fr.md) ∙ [Indonesia](README-id.md) ∙ [Italiano](README-it.md) . [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [한국어](README-ko.md) ∙ [Português](README-pt.md) ∙ [Română](README-ro.md) ∙ [Русский](README-ru.md) ∙ [Slovenščina](README-sl.md) ∙ [Türkçe](README-tr.md) ∙ [Українська](README-uk.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-Hant.md)* # The Art of Command Line