", loader=None,
compress_whitespace=_UNSET, autoescape=_UNSET,
whitespace=None):
"""Construct a Template.
:arg str template_string: the contents of the template file.
:arg str name: the filename from which the template was loaded
(used for error message).
:arg tornado.template.BaseLoader loader: the `~tornado.template.BaseLoader` responsible
for this template, used to resolve ``{% include %}`` and ``{% extend %}`` directives.
:arg bool compress_whitespace: Deprecated since Tornado 4.3.
Equivalent to ``whitespace="single"`` if true and
``whitespace="all"`` if false.
:arg str autoescape: The name of a function in the template
namespace, or ``None`` to disable escaping by default.
:arg str whitespace: A string specifying treatment of whitespace;
see `filter_whitespace` for options.
.. versionchanged:: 4.3
Added ``whitespace`` parameter; deprecated ``compress_whitespace``.
"""
self.name = escape.native_str(name)
if compress_whitespace is not _UNSET:
# Convert deprecated compress_whitespace (bool) to whitespace (str).
if whitespace is not None:
raise Exception("cannot set both whitespace and compress_whitespace")
whitespace = "single" if compress_whitespace else "all"
if whitespace is None:
if loader and loader.whitespace:
whitespace = loader.whitespace
else:
# Whitespace defaults by filename.
if name.endswith(".html") or name.endswith(".js"):
whitespace = "single"
else:
whitespace = "all"
# Validate the whitespace setting.
filter_whitespace(whitespace, '')
if autoescape is not _UNSET:
self.autoescape = autoescape
elif loader:
self.autoescape = loader.autoescape
else:
self.autoescape = _DEFAULT_AUTOESCAPE
self.namespace = loader.namespace if loader else {}
reader = _TemplateReader(name, escape.native_str(template_string),
whitespace)
self.file = _File(self, _parse(reader, self))
self.code = self._generate_python(loader)
self.loader = loader
try:
# Under python2.5, the fake filename used here must match
# the module name used in __name__ below.
# The dont_inherit flag prevents template.py's future imports
# from being applied to the generated code.
self.compiled = compile(
escape.to_unicode(self.code),
"%s.generated.py" % self.name.replace('.', '_'),
"exec", dont_inherit=True)
except Exception:
formatted_code = _format_code(self.code).rstrip()
app_log.error("%s code:\n%s", self.name, formatted_code)
raise
def generate(self, **kwargs):
"""Generate this template with the given arguments."""
namespace = {
"escape": escape.xhtml_escape,
"xhtml_escape": escape.xhtml_escape,
"url_escape": escape.url_escape,
"json_encode": escape.json_encode,
"squeeze": escape.squeeze,
"linkify": escape.linkify,
"datetime": datetime,
"_tt_utf8": escape.utf8, # for internal use
"_tt_string_types": (unicode_type, bytes),
# __name__ and __loader__ allow the traceback mechanism to find
# the generated source code.
"__name__": self.name.replace('.', '_'),
"__loader__": ObjectDict(get_source=lambda name: self.code),
}
namespace.update(self.namespace)
namespace.update(kwargs)
exec_in(self.compiled, namespace)
execute = namespace["_tt_execute"]
# Clear the traceback module's cache of source data now that
# we've generated a new template (mainly for this module's
# unittests, where different tests reuse the same name).
linecache.clearcache()
return execute()
def _generate_python(self, loader):
buffer = StringIO()
try:
# named_blocks maps from names to _NamedBlock objects
named_blocks = {}
ancestors = self._get_ancestors(loader)
ancestors.reverse()
for ancestor in ancestors:
ancestor.find_named_blocks(loader, named_blocks)
writer = _CodeWriter(buffer, named_blocks, loader,
ancestors[0].template)
ancestors[0].generate(writer)
return buffer.getvalue()
finally:
buffer.close()
def _get_ancestors(self, loader):
ancestors = [self.file]
for chunk in self.file.body.chunks:
if isinstance(chunk, _ExtendsBlock):
if not loader:
raise ParseError("{% extends %} block found, but no "
"template loader")
template = loader.load(chunk.name, self.name)
ancestors.extend(template._get_ancestors(loader))
return ancestors
class BaseLoader(object):
"""Base class for template loaders.
You must use a template loader to use template constructs like
``{% extends %}`` and ``{% include %}``. The loader caches all
templates after they are loaded the first time.
"""
def __init__(self, autoescape=_DEFAULT_AUTOESCAPE, namespace=None,
whitespace=None):
"""Construct a template loader.
:arg str autoescape: The name of a function in the template
namespace, such as "xhtml_escape", or ``None`` to disable
autoescaping by default.
:arg dict namespace: A dictionary to be added to the default template
namespace, or ``None``.
:arg str whitespace: A string specifying default behavior for
whitespace in templates; see `filter_whitespace` for options.
Default is "single" for files ending in ".html" and ".js" and
"all" for other files.
.. versionchanged:: 4.3
Added ``whitespace`` parameter.
"""
self.autoescape = autoescape
self.namespace = namespace or {}
self.whitespace = whitespace
self.templates = {}
# self.lock protects self.templates. It's a reentrant lock
# because templates may load other templates via `include` or
# `extends`. Note that thanks to the GIL this code would be safe
# even without the lock, but could lead to wasted work as multiple
# threads tried to compile the same template simultaneously.
self.lock = threading.RLock()
def reset(self):
"""Resets the cache of compiled templates."""
with self.lock:
self.templates = {}
def resolve_path(self, name, parent_path=None):
"""Converts a possibly-relative path to absolute (used internally)."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def load(self, name, parent_path=None):
"""Loads a template."""
name = self.resolve_path(name, parent_path=parent_path)
with self.lock:
if name not in self.templates:
self.templates[name] = self._create_template(name)
return self.templates[name]
def _create_template(self, name):
raise NotImplementedError()
class Loader(BaseLoader):
"""A template loader that loads from a single root directory.
"""
def __init__(self, root_directory, **kwargs):
super(Loader, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.root = os.path.abspath(root_directory)
def resolve_path(self, name, parent_path=None):
if parent_path and not parent_path.startswith("<") and \
not parent_path.startswith("/") and \
not name.startswith("/"):
current_path = os.path.join(self.root, parent_path)
file_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(current_path))
relative_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(file_dir, name))
if relative_path.startswith(self.root):
name = relative_path[len(self.root) + 1:]
return name
def _create_template(self, name):
path = os.path.join(self.root, name)
with open(path, "rb") as f:
template = Template(f.read(), name=name, loader=self)
return template
class DictLoader(BaseLoader):
"""A template loader that loads from a dictionary."""
def __init__(self, dict, **kwargs):
super(DictLoader, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.dict = dict
def resolve_path(self, name, parent_path=None):
if parent_path and not parent_path.startswith("<") and \
not parent_path.startswith("/") and \
not name.startswith("/"):
file_dir = posixpath.dirname(parent_path)
name = posixpath.normpath(posixpath.join(file_dir, name))
return name
def _create_template(self, name):
return Template(self.dict[name], name=name, loader=self)
class _Node(object):
def each_child(self):
return ()
def generate(self, writer):
raise NotImplementedError()
def find_named_blocks(self, loader, named_blocks):
for child in self.each_child():
child.find_named_blocks(loader, named_blocks)
class _File(_Node):
def __init__(self, template, body):
self.template = template
self.body = body
self.line = 0
def generate(self, writer):
writer.write_line("def _tt_execute():", self.line)
with writer.indent():
writer.write_line("_tt_buffer = []", self.line)
writer.write_line("_tt_append = _tt_buffer.append", self.line)
self.body.generate(writer)
writer.write_line("return _tt_utf8('').join(_tt_buffer)", self.line)
def each_child(self):
return (self.body,)
class _ChunkList(_Node):
def __init__(self, chunks):
self.chunks = chunks
def generate(self, writer):
for chunk in self.chunks:
chunk.generate(writer)
def each_child(self):
return self.chunks
class _NamedBlock(_Node):
def __init__(self, name, body, template, line):
self.name = name
self.body = body
self.template = template
self.line = line
def each_child(self):
return (self.body,)
def generate(self, writer):
block = writer.named_blocks[self.name]
with writer.include(block.template, self.line):
block.body.generate(writer)
def find_named_blocks(self, loader, named_blocks):
named_blocks[self.name] = self
_Node.find_named_blocks(self, loader, named_blocks)
class _ExtendsBlock(_Node):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
class _IncludeBlock(_Node):
def __init__(self, name, reader, line):
self.name = name
self.template_name = reader.name
self.line = line
def find_named_blocks(self, loader, named_blocks):
included = loader.load(self.name, self.template_name)
included.file.find_named_blocks(loader, named_blocks)
def generate(self, writer):
included = writer.loader.load(self.name, self.template_name)
with writer.include(included, self.line):
included.file.body.generate(writer)
class _ApplyBlock(_Node):
def __init__(self, method, line, body=None):
self.method = method
self.line = line
self.body = body
def each_child(self):
return (self.body,)
def generate(self, writer):
method_name = "_tt_apply%d" % writer.apply_counter
writer.apply_counter += 1
writer.write_line("def %s():" % method_name, self.line)
with writer.indent():
writer.write_line("_tt_buffer = []", self.line)
writer.write_line("_tt_append = _tt_buffer.append", self.line)
self.body.generate(writer)
writer.write_line("return _tt_utf8('').join(_tt_buffer)", self.line)
writer.write_line("_tt_append(_tt_utf8(%s(%s())))" % (
self.method, method_name), self.line)
class _ControlBlock(_Node):
def __init__(self, statement, line, body=None):
self.statement = statement
self.line = line
self.body = body
def each_child(self):
return (self.body,)
def generate(self, writer):
writer.write_line("%s:" % self.statement, self.line)
with writer.indent():
self.body.generate(writer)
# Just in case the body was empty
writer.write_line("pass", self.line)
class _IntermediateControlBlock(_Node):
def __init__(self, statement, line):
self.statement = statement
self.line = line
def generate(self, writer):
# In case the previous block was empty
writer.write_line("pass", self.line)
writer.write_line("%s:" % self.statement, self.line, writer.indent_size() - 1)
class _Statement(_Node):
def __init__(self, statement, line):
self.statement = statement
self.line = line
def generate(self, writer):
writer.write_line(self.statement, self.line)
class _Expression(_Node):
def __init__(self, expression, line, raw=False):
self.expression = expression
self.line = line
self.raw = raw
def generate(self, writer):
writer.write_line("_tt_tmp = %s" % self.expression, self.line)
writer.write_line("if isinstance(_tt_tmp, _tt_string_types):"
" _tt_tmp = _tt_utf8(_tt_tmp)", self.line)
writer.write_line("else: _tt_tmp = _tt_utf8(str(_tt_tmp))", self.line)
if not self.raw and writer.current_template.autoescape is not None:
# In python3 functions like xhtml_escape return unicode,
# so we have to convert to utf8 again.
writer.write_line("_tt_tmp = _tt_utf8(%s(_tt_tmp))" %
writer.current_template.autoescape, self.line)
writer.write_line("_tt_append(_tt_tmp)", self.line)
class _Module(_Expression):
def __init__(self, expression, line):
super(_Module, self).__init__("_tt_modules." + expression, line,
raw=True)
class _Text(_Node):
def __init__(self, value, line, whitespace):
self.value = value
self.line = line
self.whitespace = whitespace
def generate(self, writer):
value = self.value
# Compress whitespace if requested, with a crude heuristic to avoid
# altering preformatted whitespace.
if "" not in value:
value = filter_whitespace(self.whitespace, value)
if value:
writer.write_line('_tt_append(%r)' % escape.utf8(value), self.line)
class ParseError(Exception):
"""Raised for template syntax errors.
``ParseError`` instances have ``filename`` and ``lineno`` attributes
indicating the position of the error.
.. versionchanged:: 4.3
Added ``filename`` and ``lineno`` attributes.
"""
def __init__(self, message, filename=None, lineno=0):
self.message = message
# The names "filename" and "lineno" are chosen for consistency
# with python SyntaxError.
self.filename = filename
self.lineno = lineno
def __str__(self):
return '%s at %s:%d' % (self.message, self.filename, self.lineno)
class _CodeWriter(object):
def __init__(self, file, named_blocks, loader, current_template):
self.file = file
self.named_blocks = named_blocks
self.loader = loader
self.current_template = current_template
self.apply_counter = 0
self.include_stack = []
self._indent = 0
def indent_size(self):
return self._indent
def indent(self):
class Indenter(object):
def __enter__(_):
self._indent += 1
return self
def __exit__(_, *args):
assert self._indent > 0
self._indent -= 1
return Indenter()
def include(self, template, line):
self.include_stack.append((self.current_template, line))
self.current_template = template
class IncludeTemplate(object):
def __enter__(_):
return self
def __exit__(_, *args):
self.current_template = self.include_stack.pop()[0]
return IncludeTemplate()
def write_line(self, line, line_number, indent=None):
if indent is None:
indent = self._indent
line_comment = ' # %s:%d' % (self.current_template.name, line_number)
if self.include_stack:
ancestors = ["%s:%d" % (tmpl.name, lineno)
for (tmpl, lineno) in self.include_stack]
line_comment += ' (via %s)' % ', '.join(reversed(ancestors))
print(" " * indent + line + line_comment, file=self.file)
class _TemplateReader(object):
def __init__(self, name, text, whitespace):
self.name = name
self.text = text
self.whitespace = whitespace
self.line = 1
self.pos = 0
def find(self, needle, start=0, end=None):
assert start >= 0, start
pos = self.pos
start += pos
if end is None:
index = self.text.find(needle, start)
else:
end += pos
assert end >= start
index = self.text.find(needle, start, end)
if index != -1:
index -= pos
return index
def consume(self, count=None):
if count is None:
count = len(self.text) - self.pos
newpos = self.pos + count
self.line += self.text.count("\n", self.pos, newpos)
s = self.text[self.pos:newpos]
self.pos = newpos
return s
def remaining(self):
return len(self.text) - self.pos
def __len__(self):
return self.remaining()
def __getitem__(self, key):
if type(key) is slice:
size = len(self)
start, stop, step = key.indices(size)
if start is None:
start = self.pos
else:
start += self.pos
if stop is not None:
stop += self.pos
return self.text[slice(start, stop, step)]
elif key < 0:
return self.text[key]
else:
return self.text[self.pos + key]
def __str__(self):
return self.text[self.pos:]
def raise_parse_error(self, msg):
raise ParseError(msg, self.name, self.line)
def _format_code(code):
lines = code.splitlines()
format = "%%%dd %%s\n" % len(repr(len(lines) + 1))
return "".join([format % (i + 1, line) for (i, line) in enumerate(lines)])
def _parse(reader, template, in_block=None, in_loop=None):
body = _ChunkList([])
while True:
# Find next template directive
curly = 0
while True:
curly = reader.find("{", curly)
if curly == -1 or curly + 1 == reader.remaining():
# EOF
if in_block:
reader.raise_parse_error(
"Missing {%% end %%} block for %s" % in_block)
body.chunks.append(_Text(reader.consume(), reader.line,
reader.whitespace))
return body
# If the first curly brace is not the start of a special token,
# start searching from the character after it
if reader[curly + 1] not in ("{", "%", "#"):
curly += 1
continue
# When there are more than 2 curlies in a row, use the
# innermost ones. This is useful when generating languages
# like latex where curlies are also meaningful
if (curly + 2 < reader.remaining() and
reader[curly + 1] == '{' and reader[curly + 2] == '{'):
curly += 1
continue
break
# Append any text before the special token
if curly > 0:
cons = reader.consume(curly)
body.chunks.append(_Text(cons, reader.line,
reader.whitespace))
start_brace = reader.consume(2)
line = reader.line
# Template directives may be escaped as "{{!" or "{%!".
# In this case output the braces and consume the "!".
# This is especially useful in conjunction with jquery templates,
# which also use double braces.
if reader.remaining() and reader[0] == "!":
reader.consume(1)
body.chunks.append(_Text(start_brace, line,
reader.whitespace))
continue
# Comment
if start_brace == "{#":
end = reader.find("#}")
if end == -1:
reader.raise_parse_error("Missing end comment #}")
contents = reader.consume(end).strip()
reader.consume(2)
continue
# Expression
if start_brace == "{{":
end = reader.find("}}")
if end == -1:
reader.raise_parse_error("Missing end expression }}")
contents = reader.consume(end).strip()
reader.consume(2)
if not contents:
reader.raise_parse_error("Empty expression")
body.chunks.append(_Expression(contents, line))
continue
# Block
assert start_brace == "{%", start_brace
end = reader.find("%}")
if end == -1:
reader.raise_parse_error("Missing end block %}")
contents = reader.consume(end).strip()
reader.consume(2)
if not contents:
reader.raise_parse_error("Empty block tag ({% %})")
operator, space, suffix = contents.partition(" ")
suffix = suffix.strip()
# Intermediate ("else", "elif", etc) blocks
intermediate_blocks = {
"else": set(["if", "for", "while", "try"]),
"elif": set(["if"]),
"except": set(["try"]),
"finally": set(["try"]),
}
allowed_parents = intermediate_blocks.get(operator)
if allowed_parents is not None:
if not in_block:
reader.raise_parse_error("%s outside %s block" %
(operator, allowed_parents))
if in_block not in allowed_parents:
reader.raise_parse_error(
"%s block cannot be attached to %s block" %
(operator, in_block))
body.chunks.append(_IntermediateControlBlock(contents, line))
continue
# End tag
elif operator == "end":
if not in_block:
reader.raise_parse_error("Extra {% end %} block")
return body
elif operator in ("extends", "include", "set", "import", "from",
"comment", "autoescape", "whitespace", "raw",
"module"):
if operator == "comment":
continue
if operator == "extends":
suffix = suffix.strip('"').strip("'")
if not suffix:
reader.raise_parse_error("extends missing file path")
block = _ExtendsBlock(suffix)
elif operator in ("import", "from"):
if not suffix:
reader.raise_parse_error("import missing statement")
block = _Statement(contents, line)
elif operator == "include":
suffix = suffix.strip('"').strip("'")
if not suffix:
reader.raise_parse_error("include missing file path")
block = _IncludeBlock(suffix, reader, line)
elif operator == "set":
if not suffix:
reader.raise_parse_error("set missing statement")
block = _Statement(suffix, line)
elif operator == "autoescape":
fn = suffix.strip()
if fn == "None":
fn = None
template.autoescape = fn
continue
elif operator == "whitespace":
mode = suffix.strip()
# Validate the selected mode
filter_whitespace(mode, '')
reader.whitespace = mode
continue
elif operator == "raw":
block = _Expression(suffix, line, raw=True)
elif operator == "module":
block = _Module(suffix, line)
body.chunks.append(block)
continue
elif operator in ("apply", "block", "try", "if", "for", "while"):
# parse inner body recursively
if operator in ("for", "while"):
block_body = _parse(reader, template, operator, operator)
elif operator == "apply":
# apply creates a nested function so syntactically it's not
# in the loop.
block_body = _parse(reader, template, operator, None)
else:
block_body = _parse(reader, template, operator, in_loop)
if operator == "apply":
if not suffix:
reader.raise_parse_error("apply missing method name")
block = _ApplyBlock(suffix, line, block_body)
elif operator == "block":
if not suffix:
reader.raise_parse_error("block missing name")
block = _NamedBlock(suffix, block_body, template, line)
else:
block = _ControlBlock(contents, line, block_body)
body.chunks.append(block)
continue
elif operator in ("break", "continue"):
if not in_loop:
reader.raise_parse_error("%s outside %s block" %
(operator, set(["for", "while"])))
body.chunks.append(_Statement(contents, line))
continue
else:
reader.raise_parse_error("unknown operator: %r" % operator)