fix: update to Python 3.7.5 and new PIL module, can not save JPEG image.

pull/236/head
Apex Liu 2019-11-22 02:12:01 +08:00
parent d48704b11b
commit 379061dbff
23 changed files with 9165 additions and 4 deletions

View File

@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ ctx = BuildContext()
MODULES_WIN = ['_asyncio', '_bz2', '_ctypes', '_hashlib', '_lzma', '_overlapped', '_socket', '_sqlite3', '_ssl', 'select', 'sqlite3',
'libcrypto-1_1', 'libssl-1_1', 'unicodedata']
PY_LIB_REMOVE_WIN = ['ctypes/test', 'curses', 'dbm', 'distutils', 'email/test', 'ensurepip', 'idlelib', 'lib2to3',
PY_LIB_REMOVE_WIN = ['ctypes/test', 'curses', 'dbm', 'distutils/test', 'email/tests', 'ensurepip', 'idlelib', 'lib2to3',
'lib-dynload', 'pydoc_data', 'site-packages', 'sqlite3/test', 'test', 'tkinter', 'turtledemo',
'unittest', 'venv', 'wsgiref', 'doctest.py', 'pdb.py', 'py_compile.py', 'pydoc.py',
'this.py', 'wave.py', 'webbrowser.py', 'zipapp.py']
PY_LIB_REMOVE_LINUX = ['ctypes/test', 'curses', 'dbm', 'distutils', 'ensurepip', 'idlelib', 'lib2to3',
PY_LIB_REMOVE_LINUX = ['ctypes/test', 'curses', 'dbm', 'distutils/tests', 'ensurepip', 'idlelib', 'lib2to3',
'lib-dynload', 'pydoc_data', 'site-packages', 'sqlite3/test', 'test', 'tkinter', 'turtledemo', 'unittest', 'venv',
'wsgiref', 'doctest.py', 'pdb.py', 'py_compile.py', 'pydoc.py', 'this.py', 'wave.py', 'webbrowser.py', 'zipapp.py']
PY_MODULE_REMOVE_LINUX = ['_ctypes_test', '_testbuffer', '_testcapi', '_testimportmultiple', '_testmultiphase', '_xxtestfuzz']
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class PYSBase:
utils.sys_exec('{} -m pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pip --upgrade'.format(env.py_exec))
pip = self._get_pip()
pypi_modules = ['cryptography', 'ldap3', 'mako', 'Pillow', 'psutil', 'pyasn1', 'pymysql', 'qrcode', 'tornado', 'wheezy.captcha']
pypi_modules = ['cffi', 'cryptography', 'ldap3', 'mako', 'Pillow', 'psutil', 'pyasn1', 'pymysql', 'qrcode', 'tornado', 'wheezy.captcha']
for p in pypi_modules:
cc.n('install {} ...'.format(p))
utils.sys_exec('{} install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple {}'.format(pip, p), direct_output=True)
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class PYSBase:
utils.ensure_file_exists(out_file)
cc.v('remove temp folder...')
utils.remove(_tmp_)
# utils.remove(_tmp_)
def _make_py_ver_file(self):
pass

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@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
__all__ = ['FFI', 'VerificationError', 'VerificationMissing', 'CDefError',
'FFIError']
from .api import FFI
from .error import CDefError, FFIError, VerificationError, VerificationMissing
from .error import PkgConfigError
__version__ = "1.13.2"
__version_info__ = (1, 13, 2)
# The verifier module file names are based on the CRC32 of a string that
# contains the following version number. It may be older than __version__
# if nothing is clearly incompatible.
__version_verifier_modules__ = "0.8.6"

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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
#ifndef CFFI_MESSAGEBOX
# ifdef _MSC_VER
# define CFFI_MESSAGEBOX 1
# else
# define CFFI_MESSAGEBOX 0
# endif
#endif
#if CFFI_MESSAGEBOX
/* Windows only: logic to take the Python-CFFI embedding logic
initialization errors and display them in a background thread
with MessageBox. The idea is that if the whole program closes
as a result of this problem, then likely it is already a console
program and you can read the stderr output in the console too.
If it is not a console program, then it will likely show its own
dialog to complain, or generally not abruptly close, and for this
case the background thread should stay alive.
*/
static void *volatile _cffi_bootstrap_text;
static PyObject *_cffi_start_error_capture(void)
{
PyObject *result = NULL;
PyObject *x, *m, *bi;
if (InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(&_cffi_bootstrap_text,
(void *)1, NULL) != NULL)
return (PyObject *)1;
m = PyImport_AddModule("_cffi_error_capture");
if (m == NULL)
goto error;
result = PyModule_GetDict(m);
if (result == NULL)
goto error;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
bi = PyImport_ImportModule("builtins");
#else
bi = PyImport_ImportModule("__builtin__");
#endif
if (bi == NULL)
goto error;
PyDict_SetItemString(result, "__builtins__", bi);
Py_DECREF(bi);
x = PyRun_String(
"import sys\n"
"class FileLike:\n"
" def write(self, x):\n"
" try:\n"
" of.write(x)\n"
" except: pass\n"
" self.buf += x\n"
"fl = FileLike()\n"
"fl.buf = ''\n"
"of = sys.stderr\n"
"sys.stderr = fl\n"
"def done():\n"
" sys.stderr = of\n"
" return fl.buf\n", /* make sure the returned value stays alive */
Py_file_input,
result, result);
Py_XDECREF(x);
error:
if (PyErr_Occurred())
{
PyErr_WriteUnraisable(Py_None);
PyErr_Clear();
}
return result;
}
#pragma comment(lib, "user32.lib")
static DWORD WINAPI _cffi_bootstrap_dialog(LPVOID ignored)
{
Sleep(666); /* may be interrupted if the whole process is closing */
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
MessageBoxW(NULL, (wchar_t *)_cffi_bootstrap_text,
L"Python-CFFI error",
MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
#else
MessageBoxA(NULL, (char *)_cffi_bootstrap_text,
"Python-CFFI error",
MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
#endif
_cffi_bootstrap_text = NULL;
return 0;
}
static void _cffi_stop_error_capture(PyObject *ecap)
{
PyObject *s;
void *text;
if (ecap == (PyObject *)1)
return;
if (ecap == NULL)
goto error;
s = PyRun_String("done()", Py_eval_input, ecap, ecap);
if (s == NULL)
goto error;
/* Show a dialog box, but in a background thread, and
never show multiple dialog boxes at once. */
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
text = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(s, NULL);
#else
text = PyString_AsString(s);
#endif
_cffi_bootstrap_text = text;
if (text != NULL)
{
HANDLE h;
h = CreateThread(NULL, 0, _cffi_bootstrap_dialog,
NULL, 0, NULL);
if (h != NULL)
CloseHandle(h);
}
/* decref the string, but it should stay alive as 'fl.buf'
in the small module above. It will really be freed only if
we later get another similar error. So it's a leak of at
most one copy of the small module. That's fine for this
situation which is usually a "fatal error" anyway. */
Py_DECREF(s);
PyErr_Clear();
return;
error:
_cffi_bootstrap_text = NULL;
PyErr_Clear();
}
#else
static PyObject *_cffi_start_error_capture(void) { return NULL; }
static void _cffi_stop_error_capture(PyObject *ecap) { }
#endif

View File

@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
#define _CFFI_
/* We try to define Py_LIMITED_API before including Python.h.
Mess: we can only define it if Py_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS and
Py_REF_DEBUG are not defined. This is a best-effort approximation:
we can learn about Py_DEBUG from pyconfig.h, but it is unclear if
the same works for the other two macros. Py_DEBUG implies them,
but not the other way around.
Issue #350 is still open: on Windows, the code here causes it to link
with PYTHON36.DLL (for example) instead of PYTHON3.DLL. A fix was
attempted in 164e526a5515 and 14ce6985e1c3, but reverted: virtualenv
does not make PYTHON3.DLL available, and so the "correctly" compiled
version would not run inside a virtualenv. We will re-apply the fix
after virtualenv has been fixed for some time. For explanation, see
issue #355. For a workaround if you want PYTHON3.DLL and don't worry
about virtualenv, see issue #350. See also 'py_limited_api' in
setuptools_ext.py.
*/
#if !defined(_CFFI_USE_EMBEDDING) && !defined(Py_LIMITED_API)
# include <pyconfig.h>
# if !defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG)
# define Py_LIMITED_API
# endif
#endif
#include <Python.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#include <stddef.h>
#include "parse_c_type.h"
/* this block of #ifs should be kept exactly identical between
c/_cffi_backend.c, cffi/vengine_cpy.py, cffi/vengine_gen.py
and cffi/_cffi_include.h */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
# include <malloc.h> /* for alloca() */
# if _MSC_VER < 1600 /* MSVC < 2010 */
typedef __int8 int8_t;
typedef __int16 int16_t;
typedef __int32 int32_t;
typedef __int64 int64_t;
typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
typedef __int8 int_least8_t;
typedef __int16 int_least16_t;
typedef __int32 int_least32_t;
typedef __int64 int_least64_t;
typedef unsigned __int8 uint_least8_t;
typedef unsigned __int16 uint_least16_t;
typedef unsigned __int32 uint_least32_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint_least64_t;
typedef __int8 int_fast8_t;
typedef __int16 int_fast16_t;
typedef __int32 int_fast32_t;
typedef __int64 int_fast64_t;
typedef unsigned __int8 uint_fast8_t;
typedef unsigned __int16 uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned __int32 uint_fast32_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint_fast64_t;
typedef __int64 intmax_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uintmax_t;
# else
# include <stdint.h>
# endif
# if _MSC_VER < 1800 /* MSVC < 2013 */
# ifndef __cplusplus
typedef unsigned char _Bool;
# endif
# endif
#else
# include <stdint.h>
# if (defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__hpux)
# include <alloca.h>
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define _CFFI_UNUSED_FN __attribute__((unused))
#else
# define _CFFI_UNUSED_FN /* nothing */
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
# ifndef _Bool
typedef bool _Bool; /* semi-hackish: C++ has no _Bool; bool is builtin */
# endif
#endif
/********** CPython-specific section **********/
#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
# define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
#endif
#define _cffi_from_c_double PyFloat_FromDouble
#define _cffi_from_c_float PyFloat_FromDouble
#define _cffi_from_c_long PyInt_FromLong
#define _cffi_from_c_ulong PyLong_FromUnsignedLong
#define _cffi_from_c_longlong PyLong_FromLongLong
#define _cffi_from_c_ulonglong PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong
#define _cffi_from_c__Bool PyBool_FromLong
#define _cffi_to_c_double PyFloat_AsDouble
#define _cffi_to_c_float PyFloat_AsDouble
#define _cffi_from_c_int(x, type) \
(((type)-1) > 0 ? /* unsigned */ \
(sizeof(type) < sizeof(long) ? \
PyInt_FromLong((long)x) : \
sizeof(type) == sizeof(long) ? \
PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)x) : \
PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned long long)x)) : \
(sizeof(type) <= sizeof(long) ? \
PyInt_FromLong((long)x) : \
PyLong_FromLongLong((long long)x)))
#define _cffi_to_c_int(o, type) \
((type)( \
sizeof(type) == 1 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u8(o) \
: (type)_cffi_to_c_i8(o)) : \
sizeof(type) == 2 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u16(o) \
: (type)_cffi_to_c_i16(o)) : \
sizeof(type) == 4 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u32(o) \
: (type)_cffi_to_c_i32(o)) : \
sizeof(type) == 8 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u64(o) \
: (type)_cffi_to_c_i64(o)) : \
(Py_FatalError("unsupported size for type " #type), (type)0)))
#define _cffi_to_c_i8 \
((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[1])
#define _cffi_to_c_u8 \
((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[2])
#define _cffi_to_c_i16 \
((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[3])
#define _cffi_to_c_u16 \
((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[4])
#define _cffi_to_c_i32 \
((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[5])
#define _cffi_to_c_u32 \
((unsigned int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[6])
#define _cffi_to_c_i64 \
((long long(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[7])
#define _cffi_to_c_u64 \
((unsigned long long(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[8])
#define _cffi_to_c_char \
((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[9])
#define _cffi_from_c_pointer \
((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[10])
#define _cffi_to_c_pointer \
((char *(*)(PyObject *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[11])
#define _cffi_get_struct_layout \
not used any more
#define _cffi_restore_errno \
((void(*)(void))_cffi_exports[13])
#define _cffi_save_errno \
((void(*)(void))_cffi_exports[14])
#define _cffi_from_c_char \
((PyObject *(*)(char))_cffi_exports[15])
#define _cffi_from_c_deref \
((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[16])
#define _cffi_to_c \
((int(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *, PyObject *))_cffi_exports[17])
#define _cffi_from_c_struct \
((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[18])
#define _cffi_to_c_wchar_t \
((_cffi_wchar_t(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[19])
#define _cffi_from_c_wchar_t \
((PyObject *(*)(_cffi_wchar_t))_cffi_exports[20])
#define _cffi_to_c_long_double \
((long double(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[21])
#define _cffi_to_c__Bool \
((_Bool(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[22])
#define _cffi_prepare_pointer_call_argument \
((Py_ssize_t(*)(struct _cffi_ctypedescr *, \
PyObject *, char **))_cffi_exports[23])
#define _cffi_convert_array_from_object \
((int(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *, PyObject *))_cffi_exports[24])
#define _CFFI_CPIDX 25
#define _cffi_call_python \
((void(*)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *))_cffi_exports[_CFFI_CPIDX])
#define _cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t \
((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[26])
#define _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t \
((PyObject *(*)(int))_cffi_exports[27])
#define _CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS 28
struct _cffi_ctypedescr;
static void *_cffi_exports[_CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS];
#define _cffi_type(index) ( \
assert((((uintptr_t)_cffi_types[index]) & 1) == 0), \
(struct _cffi_ctypedescr *)_cffi_types[index])
static PyObject *_cffi_init(const char *module_name, Py_ssize_t version,
const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx)
{
PyObject *module, *o_arg, *new_module;
void *raw[] = {
(void *)module_name,
(void *)version,
(void *)_cffi_exports,
(void *)ctx,
};
module = PyImport_ImportModule("_cffi_backend");
if (module == NULL)
goto failure;
o_arg = PyLong_FromVoidPtr((void *)raw);
if (o_arg == NULL)
goto failure;
new_module = PyObject_CallMethod(
module, (char *)"_init_cffi_1_0_external_module", (char *)"O", o_arg);
Py_DECREF(o_arg);
Py_DECREF(module);
return new_module;
failure:
Py_XDECREF(module);
return NULL;
}
#ifdef HAVE_WCHAR_H
typedef wchar_t _cffi_wchar_t;
#else
typedef uint16_t _cffi_wchar_t; /* same random pick as _cffi_backend.c */
#endif
_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static uint16_t _cffi_to_c_char16_t(PyObject *o)
{
if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 2)
return (uint16_t)_cffi_to_c_wchar_t(o);
else
return (uint16_t)_cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t(o);
}
_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static PyObject *_cffi_from_c_char16_t(uint16_t x)
{
if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 2)
return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t((_cffi_wchar_t)x);
else
return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t((int)x);
}
_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static int _cffi_to_c_char32_t(PyObject *o)
{
if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 4)
return (int)_cffi_to_c_wchar_t(o);
else
return (int)_cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t(o);
}
_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static PyObject *_cffi_from_c_char32_t(int x)
{
if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 4)
return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t((_cffi_wchar_t)x);
else
return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t(x);
}
/********** end CPython-specific section **********/
#else
_CFFI_UNUSED_FN
static void (*_cffi_call_python_org)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
# define _cffi_call_python _cffi_call_python_org
#endif
#define _cffi_array_len(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0]))
#define _cffi_prim_int(size, sign) \
((size) == 1 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT8 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT8) : \
(size) == 2 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT16 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT16) : \
(size) == 4 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT32 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT32) : \
(size) == 8 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT64 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT64) : \
_CFFI__UNKNOWN_PRIM)
#define _cffi_prim_float(size) \
((size) == sizeof(float) ? _CFFI_PRIM_FLOAT : \
(size) == sizeof(double) ? _CFFI_PRIM_DOUBLE : \
(size) == sizeof(long double) ? _CFFI__UNKNOWN_LONG_DOUBLE : \
_CFFI__UNKNOWN_FLOAT_PRIM)
#define _cffi_check_int(got, got_nonpos, expected) \
((got_nonpos) == (expected <= 0) && \
(got) == (unsigned long long)expected)
#ifdef MS_WIN32
# define _cffi_stdcall __stdcall
#else
# define _cffi_stdcall /* nothing */
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

View File

@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
/***** Support code for embedding *****/
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32)
# define CFFI_DLLEXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
# define CFFI_DLLEXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
#else
# define CFFI_DLLEXPORT /* nothing */
#endif
/* There are two global variables of type _cffi_call_python_fnptr:
* _cffi_call_python, which we declare just below, is the one called
by ``extern "Python"`` implementations.
* _cffi_call_python_org, which on CPython is actually part of the
_cffi_exports[] array, is the function pointer copied from
_cffi_backend.
After initialization is complete, both are equal. However, the
first one remains equal to &_cffi_start_and_call_python until the
very end of initialization, when we are (or should be) sure that
concurrent threads also see a completely initialized world, and
only then is it changed.
*/
#undef _cffi_call_python
typedef void (*_cffi_call_python_fnptr)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
static void _cffi_start_and_call_python(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
static _cffi_call_python_fnptr _cffi_call_python = &_cffi_start_and_call_python;
#ifndef _MSC_VER
/* --- Assuming a GCC not infinitely old --- */
# define cffi_compare_and_swap(l,o,n) __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(l,o,n)
# define cffi_write_barrier() __sync_synchronize()
# if !defined(__amd64__) && !defined(__x86_64__) && \
!defined(__i386__) && !defined(__i386)
# define cffi_read_barrier() __sync_synchronize()
# else
# define cffi_read_barrier() (void)0
# endif
#else
/* --- Windows threads version --- */
# include <Windows.h>
# define cffi_compare_and_swap(l,o,n) \
(InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(l,n,o) == (o))
# define cffi_write_barrier() InterlockedCompareExchange(&_cffi_dummy,0,0)
# define cffi_read_barrier() (void)0
static volatile LONG _cffi_dummy;
#endif
#ifdef WITH_THREAD
# ifndef _MSC_VER
# include <pthread.h>
static pthread_mutex_t _cffi_embed_startup_lock;
# else
static CRITICAL_SECTION _cffi_embed_startup_lock;
# endif
static char _cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready = 0;
#endif
static void _cffi_acquire_reentrant_mutex(void)
{
static void *volatile lock = NULL;
while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(&lock, NULL, (void *)1)) {
/* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
think: pthread_mutex_init() should be very fast, and
this is only run at start-up anyway. */
}
#ifdef WITH_THREAD
if (!_cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready) {
# ifndef _MSC_VER
pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
pthread_mutex_init(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock, &attr);
# else
InitializeCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
# endif
_cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready = 1;
}
#endif
while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(&lock, (void *)1, NULL))
;
#ifndef _MSC_VER
pthread_mutex_lock(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
#else
EnterCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
#endif
}
static void _cffi_release_reentrant_mutex(void)
{
#ifndef _MSC_VER
pthread_mutex_unlock(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
#else
LeaveCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
#endif
}
/********** CPython-specific section **********/
#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
#include "_cffi_errors.h"
#define _cffi_call_python_org _cffi_exports[_CFFI_CPIDX]
PyMODINIT_FUNC _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC(void); /* forward */
static void _cffi_py_initialize(void)
{
/* XXX use initsigs=0, which "skips initialization registration of
signal handlers, which might be useful when Python is
embedded" according to the Python docs. But review and think
if it should be a user-controllable setting.
XXX we should also give a way to write errors to a buffer
instead of to stderr.
XXX if importing 'site' fails, CPython (any version) calls
exit(). Should we try to work around this behavior here?
*/
Py_InitializeEx(0);
}
static int _cffi_initialize_python(void)
{
/* This initializes Python, imports _cffi_backend, and then the
present .dll/.so is set up as a CPython C extension module.
*/
int result;
PyGILState_STATE state;
PyObject *pycode=NULL, *global_dict=NULL, *x;
PyObject *builtins;
state = PyGILState_Ensure();
/* Call the initxxx() function from the present module. It will
create and initialize us as a CPython extension module, instead
of letting the startup Python code do it---it might reimport
the same .dll/.so and get maybe confused on some platforms.
It might also have troubles locating the .dll/.so again for all
I know.
*/
(void)_CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC();
if (PyErr_Occurred())
goto error;
/* Now run the Python code provided to ffi.embedding_init_code().
*/
pycode = Py_CompileString(_CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_CODE,
"<init code for '" _CFFI_MODULE_NAME "'>",
Py_file_input);
if (pycode == NULL)
goto error;
global_dict = PyDict_New();
if (global_dict == NULL)
goto error;
builtins = PyEval_GetBuiltins();
if (builtins == NULL)
goto error;
if (PyDict_SetItemString(global_dict, "__builtins__", builtins) < 0)
goto error;
x = PyEval_EvalCode(
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
(PyCodeObject *)
#endif
pycode, global_dict, global_dict);
if (x == NULL)
goto error;
Py_DECREF(x);
/* Done! Now if we've been called from
_cffi_start_and_call_python() in an ``extern "Python"``, we can
only hope that the Python code did correctly set up the
corresponding @ffi.def_extern() function. Otherwise, the
general logic of ``extern "Python"`` functions (inside the
_cffi_backend module) will find that the reference is still
missing and print an error.
*/
result = 0;
done:
Py_XDECREF(pycode);
Py_XDECREF(global_dict);
PyGILState_Release(state);
return result;
error:;
{
/* Print as much information as potentially useful.
Debugging load-time failures with embedding is not fun
*/
PyObject *ecap;
PyObject *exception, *v, *tb, *f, *modules, *mod;
PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &v, &tb);
ecap = _cffi_start_error_capture();
f = PySys_GetObject((char *)"stderr");
if (f != NULL && f != Py_None) {
PyFile_WriteString(
"Failed to initialize the Python-CFFI embedding logic:\n\n", f);
}
if (exception != NULL) {
PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception, &v, &tb);
PyErr_Display(exception, v, tb);
}
Py_XDECREF(exception);
Py_XDECREF(v);
Py_XDECREF(tb);
if (f != NULL && f != Py_None) {
PyFile_WriteString("\nFrom: " _CFFI_MODULE_NAME
"\ncompiled with cffi version: 1.13.2"
"\n_cffi_backend module: ", f);
modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict();
mod = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "_cffi_backend");
if (mod == NULL) {
PyFile_WriteString("not loaded", f);
}
else {
v = PyObject_GetAttrString(mod, "__file__");
PyFile_WriteObject(v, f, 0);
Py_XDECREF(v);
}
PyFile_WriteString("\nsys.path: ", f);
PyFile_WriteObject(PySys_GetObject((char *)"path"), f, 0);
PyFile_WriteString("\n\n", f);
}
_cffi_stop_error_capture(ecap);
}
result = -1;
goto done;
}
PyAPI_DATA(char *) _PyParser_TokenNames[]; /* from CPython */
static int _cffi_carefully_make_gil(void)
{
/* This does the basic initialization of Python. It can be called
completely concurrently from unrelated threads. It assumes
that we don't hold the GIL before (if it exists), and we don't
hold it afterwards.
(What it really does used to be completely different in Python 2
and Python 3, with the Python 2 solution avoiding the spin-lock
around the Py_InitializeEx() call. However, after recent changes
to CPython 2.7 (issue #358) it no longer works. So we use the
Python 3 solution everywhere.)
This initializes Python by calling Py_InitializeEx().
Important: this must not be called concurrently at all.
So we use a global variable as a simple spin lock. This global
variable must be from 'libpythonX.Y.so', not from this
cffi-based extension module, because it must be shared from
different cffi-based extension modules.
In Python < 3.8, we choose
_PyParser_TokenNames[0] as a completely arbitrary pointer value
that is never written to. The default is to point to the
string "ENDMARKER". We change it temporarily to point to the
next character in that string. (Yes, I know it's REALLY
obscure.)
In Python >= 3.8, this string array is no longer writable, so
instead we pick PyCapsuleType.tp_version_tag. We can't change
Python < 3.8 because someone might use a mixture of cffi
embedded modules, some of which were compiled before this file
changed.
*/
#ifdef WITH_THREAD
# if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000
char *volatile *lock = (char *volatile *)_PyParser_TokenNames;
char *old_value, *locked_value;
while (1) { /* spin loop */
old_value = *lock;
locked_value = old_value + 1;
if (old_value[0] == 'E') {
assert(old_value[1] == 'N');
if (cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, old_value, locked_value))
break;
}
else {
assert(old_value[0] == 'N');
/* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
think: PyEval_InitThreads() should be very fast, and
this is only run at start-up anyway. */
}
}
# else
int volatile *lock = (int volatile *)&PyCapsule_Type.tp_version_tag;
int old_value, locked_value;
assert(!(PyCapsule_Type.tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG));
while (1) { /* spin loop */
old_value = *lock;
locked_value = -42;
if (old_value == 0) {
if (cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, old_value, locked_value))
break;
}
else {
assert(old_value == locked_value);
/* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
think: PyEval_InitThreads() should be very fast, and
this is only run at start-up anyway. */
}
}
# endif
#endif
/* call Py_InitializeEx() */
if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {
_cffi_py_initialize();
PyEval_InitThreads();
PyEval_SaveThread(); /* release the GIL */
/* the returned tstate must be the one that has been stored into the
autoTLSkey by _PyGILState_Init() called from Py_Initialize(). */
}
else {
PyGILState_STATE state = PyGILState_Ensure();
PyEval_InitThreads();
PyGILState_Release(state);
}
#ifdef WITH_THREAD
/* release the lock */
while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, locked_value, old_value))
;
#endif
return 0;
}
/********** end CPython-specific section **********/
#else
/********** PyPy-specific section **********/
PyMODINIT_FUNC _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC(const void *[]); /* forward */
static struct _cffi_pypy_init_s {
const char *name;
void (*func)(const void *[]);
const char *code;
} _cffi_pypy_init = {
_CFFI_MODULE_NAME,
(void(*)(const void *[]))_CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC,
_CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_CODE,
};
extern int pypy_carefully_make_gil(const char *);
extern int pypy_init_embedded_cffi_module(int, struct _cffi_pypy_init_s *);
static int _cffi_carefully_make_gil(void)
{
return pypy_carefully_make_gil(_CFFI_MODULE_NAME);
}
static int _cffi_initialize_python(void)
{
return pypy_init_embedded_cffi_module(0xB011, &_cffi_pypy_init);
}
/********** end PyPy-specific section **********/
#endif
#ifdef __GNUC__
__attribute__((noinline))
#endif
static _cffi_call_python_fnptr _cffi_start_python(void)
{
/* Delicate logic to initialize Python. This function can be
called multiple times concurrently, e.g. when the process calls
its first ``extern "Python"`` functions in multiple threads at
once. It can also be called recursively, in which case we must
ignore it. We also have to consider what occurs if several
different cffi-based extensions reach this code in parallel
threads---it is a different copy of the code, then, and we
can't have any shared global variable unless it comes from
'libpythonX.Y.so'.
Idea:
* _cffi_carefully_make_gil(): "carefully" call
PyEval_InitThreads() (possibly with Py_InitializeEx() first).
* then we use a (local) custom lock to make sure that a call to this
cffi-based extension will wait if another call to the *same*
extension is running the initialization in another thread.
It is reentrant, so that a recursive call will not block, but
only one from a different thread.
* then we grab the GIL and (Python 2) we call Py_InitializeEx().
At this point, concurrent calls to Py_InitializeEx() are not
possible: we have the GIL.
* do the rest of the specific initialization, which may
temporarily release the GIL but not the custom lock.
Only release the custom lock when we are done.
*/
static char called = 0;
if (_cffi_carefully_make_gil() != 0)
return NULL;
_cffi_acquire_reentrant_mutex();
/* Here the GIL exists, but we don't have it. We're only protected
from concurrency by the reentrant mutex. */
/* This file only initializes the embedded module once, the first
time this is called, even if there are subinterpreters. */
if (!called) {
called = 1; /* invoke _cffi_initialize_python() only once,
but don't set '_cffi_call_python' right now,
otherwise concurrent threads won't call
this function at all (we need them to wait) */
if (_cffi_initialize_python() == 0) {
/* now initialization is finished. Switch to the fast-path. */
/* We would like nobody to see the new value of
'_cffi_call_python' without also seeing the rest of the
data initialized. However, this is not possible. But
the new value of '_cffi_call_python' is the function
'cffi_call_python()' from _cffi_backend. So: */
cffi_write_barrier();
/* ^^^ we put a write barrier here, and a corresponding
read barrier at the start of cffi_call_python(). This
ensures that after that read barrier, we see everything
done here before the write barrier.
*/
assert(_cffi_call_python_org != NULL);
_cffi_call_python = (_cffi_call_python_fnptr)_cffi_call_python_org;
}
else {
/* initialization failed. Reset this to NULL, even if it was
already set to some other value. Future calls to
_cffi_start_python() are still forced to occur, and will
always return NULL from now on. */
_cffi_call_python_org = NULL;
}
}
_cffi_release_reentrant_mutex();
return (_cffi_call_python_fnptr)_cffi_call_python_org;
}
static
void _cffi_start_and_call_python(struct _cffi_externpy_s *externpy, char *args)
{
_cffi_call_python_fnptr fnptr;
int current_err = errno;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
int current_lasterr = GetLastError();
#endif
fnptr = _cffi_start_python();
if (fnptr == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "function %s() called, but initialization code "
"failed. Returning 0.\n", externpy->name);
memset(args, 0, externpy->size_of_result);
}
#ifdef _MSC_VER
SetLastError(current_lasterr);
#endif
errno = current_err;
if (fnptr != NULL)
fnptr(externpy, args);
}
/* The cffi_start_python() function makes sure Python is initialized
and our cffi module is set up. It can be called manually from the
user C code. The same effect is obtained automatically from any
dll-exported ``extern "Python"`` function. This function returns
-1 if initialization failed, 0 if all is OK. */
_CFFI_UNUSED_FN
static int cffi_start_python(void)
{
if (_cffi_call_python == &_cffi_start_and_call_python) {
if (_cffi_start_python() == NULL)
return -1;
}
cffi_read_barrier();
return 0;
}
#undef cffi_compare_and_swap
#undef cffi_write_barrier
#undef cffi_read_barrier
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

View File

@ -0,0 +1,961 @@
import sys, types
from .lock import allocate_lock
from .error import CDefError
from . import model
try:
callable
except NameError:
# Python 3.1
from collections import Callable
callable = lambda x: isinstance(x, Callable)
try:
basestring
except NameError:
# Python 3.x
basestring = str
_unspecified = object()
class FFI(object):
r'''
The main top-level class that you instantiate once, or once per module.
Example usage:
ffi = FFI()
ffi.cdef("""
int printf(const char *, ...);
""")
C = ffi.dlopen(None) # standard library
-or-
C = ffi.verify() # use a C compiler: verify the decl above is right
C.printf("hello, %s!\n", ffi.new("char[]", "world"))
'''
def __init__(self, backend=None):
"""Create an FFI instance. The 'backend' argument is used to
select a non-default backend, mostly for tests.
"""
if backend is None:
# You need PyPy (>= 2.0 beta), or a CPython (>= 2.6) with
# _cffi_backend.so compiled.
import _cffi_backend as backend
from . import __version__
if backend.__version__ != __version__:
# bad version! Try to be as explicit as possible.
if hasattr(backend, '__file__'):
# CPython
raise Exception("Version mismatch: this is the 'cffi' package version %s, located in %r. When we import the top-level '_cffi_backend' extension module, we get version %s, located in %r. The two versions should be equal; check your installation." % (
__version__, __file__,
backend.__version__, backend.__file__))
else:
# PyPy
raise Exception("Version mismatch: this is the 'cffi' package version %s, located in %r. This interpreter comes with a built-in '_cffi_backend' module, which is version %s. The two versions should be equal; check your installation." % (
__version__, __file__, backend.__version__))
# (If you insist you can also try to pass the option
# 'backend=backend_ctypes.CTypesBackend()', but don't
# rely on it! It's probably not going to work well.)
from . import cparser
self._backend = backend
self._lock = allocate_lock()
self._parser = cparser.Parser()
self._cached_btypes = {}
self._parsed_types = types.ModuleType('parsed_types').__dict__
self._new_types = types.ModuleType('new_types').__dict__
self._function_caches = []
self._libraries = []
self._cdefsources = []
self._included_ffis = []
self._windows_unicode = None
self._init_once_cache = {}
self._cdef_version = None
self._embedding = None
self._typecache = model.get_typecache(backend)
if hasattr(backend, 'set_ffi'):
backend.set_ffi(self)
for name in list(backend.__dict__):
if name.startswith('RTLD_'):
setattr(self, name, getattr(backend, name))
#
with self._lock:
self.BVoidP = self._get_cached_btype(model.voidp_type)
self.BCharA = self._get_cached_btype(model.char_array_type)
if isinstance(backend, types.ModuleType):
# _cffi_backend: attach these constants to the class
if not hasattr(FFI, 'NULL'):
FFI.NULL = self.cast(self.BVoidP, 0)
FFI.CData, FFI.CType = backend._get_types()
else:
# ctypes backend: attach these constants to the instance
self.NULL = self.cast(self.BVoidP, 0)
self.CData, self.CType = backend._get_types()
self.buffer = backend.buffer
def cdef(self, csource, override=False, packed=False, pack=None):
"""Parse the given C source. This registers all declared functions,
types, and global variables. The functions and global variables can
then be accessed via either 'ffi.dlopen()' or 'ffi.verify()'.
The types can be used in 'ffi.new()' and other functions.
If 'packed' is specified as True, all structs declared inside this
cdef are packed, i.e. laid out without any field alignment at all.
Alternatively, 'pack' can be a small integer, and requests for
alignment greater than that are ignored (pack=1 is equivalent to
packed=True).
"""
self._cdef(csource, override=override, packed=packed, pack=pack)
def embedding_api(self, csource, packed=False, pack=None):
self._cdef(csource, packed=packed, pack=pack, dllexport=True)
if self._embedding is None:
self._embedding = ''
def _cdef(self, csource, override=False, **options):
if not isinstance(csource, str): # unicode, on Python 2
if not isinstance(csource, basestring):
raise TypeError("cdef() argument must be a string")
csource = csource.encode('ascii')
with self._lock:
self._cdef_version = object()
self._parser.parse(csource, override=override, **options)
self._cdefsources.append(csource)
if override:
for cache in self._function_caches:
cache.clear()
finishlist = self._parser._recomplete
if finishlist:
self._parser._recomplete = []
for tp in finishlist:
tp.finish_backend_type(self, finishlist)
def dlopen(self, name, flags=0):
"""Load and return a dynamic library identified by 'name'.
The standard C library can be loaded by passing None.
Note that functions and types declared by 'ffi.cdef()' are not
linked to a particular library, just like C headers; in the
library we only look for the actual (untyped) symbols.
"""
assert isinstance(name, basestring) or name is None
with self._lock:
lib, function_cache = _make_ffi_library(self, name, flags)
self._function_caches.append(function_cache)
self._libraries.append(lib)
return lib
def dlclose(self, lib):
"""Close a library obtained with ffi.dlopen(). After this call,
access to functions or variables from the library will fail
(possibly with a segmentation fault).
"""
type(lib).__cffi_close__(lib)
def _typeof_locked(self, cdecl):
# call me with the lock!
key = cdecl
if key in self._parsed_types:
return self._parsed_types[key]
#
if not isinstance(cdecl, str): # unicode, on Python 2
cdecl = cdecl.encode('ascii')
#
type = self._parser.parse_type(cdecl)
really_a_function_type = type.is_raw_function
if really_a_function_type:
type = type.as_function_pointer()
btype = self._get_cached_btype(type)
result = btype, really_a_function_type
self._parsed_types[key] = result
return result
def _typeof(self, cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=False):
# string -> ctype object
try:
result = self._parsed_types[cdecl]
except KeyError:
with self._lock:
result = self._typeof_locked(cdecl)
#
btype, really_a_function_type = result
if really_a_function_type and not consider_function_as_funcptr:
raise CDefError("the type %r is a function type, not a "
"pointer-to-function type" % (cdecl,))
return btype
def typeof(self, cdecl):
"""Parse the C type given as a string and return the
corresponding <ctype> object.
It can also be used on 'cdata' instance to get its C type.
"""
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
return self._typeof(cdecl)
if isinstance(cdecl, self.CData):
return self._backend.typeof(cdecl)
if isinstance(cdecl, types.BuiltinFunctionType):
res = _builtin_function_type(cdecl)
if res is not None:
return res
if (isinstance(cdecl, types.FunctionType)
and hasattr(cdecl, '_cffi_base_type')):
with self._lock:
return self._get_cached_btype(cdecl._cffi_base_type)
raise TypeError(type(cdecl))
def sizeof(self, cdecl):
"""Return the size in bytes of the argument. It can be a
string naming a C type, or a 'cdata' instance.
"""
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
BType = self._typeof(cdecl)
return self._backend.sizeof(BType)
else:
return self._backend.sizeof(cdecl)
def alignof(self, cdecl):
"""Return the natural alignment size in bytes of the C type
given as a string.
"""
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
return self._backend.alignof(cdecl)
def offsetof(self, cdecl, *fields_or_indexes):
"""Return the offset of the named field inside the given
structure or array, which must be given as a C type name.
You can give several field names in case of nested structures.
You can also give numeric values which correspond to array
items, in case of an array type.
"""
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
return self._typeoffsetof(cdecl, *fields_or_indexes)[1]
def new(self, cdecl, init=None):
"""Allocate an instance according to the specified C type and
return a pointer to it. The specified C type must be either a
pointer or an array: ``new('X *')`` allocates an X and returns
a pointer to it, whereas ``new('X[n]')`` allocates an array of
n X'es and returns an array referencing it (which works
mostly like a pointer, like in C). You can also use
``new('X[]', n)`` to allocate an array of a non-constant
length n.
The memory is initialized following the rules of declaring a
global variable in C: by default it is zero-initialized, but
an explicit initializer can be given which can be used to
fill all or part of the memory.
When the returned <cdata> object goes out of scope, the memory
is freed. In other words the returned <cdata> object has
ownership of the value of type 'cdecl' that it points to. This
means that the raw data can be used as long as this object is
kept alive, but must not be used for a longer time. Be careful
about that when copying the pointer to the memory somewhere
else, e.g. into another structure.
"""
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
return self._backend.newp(cdecl, init)
def new_allocator(self, alloc=None, free=None,
should_clear_after_alloc=True):
"""Return a new allocator, i.e. a function that behaves like ffi.new()
but uses the provided low-level 'alloc' and 'free' functions.
'alloc' is called with the size as argument. If it returns NULL, a
MemoryError is raised. 'free' is called with the result of 'alloc'
as argument. Both can be either Python function or directly C
functions. If 'free' is None, then no free function is called.
If both 'alloc' and 'free' are None, the default is used.
If 'should_clear_after_alloc' is set to False, then the memory
returned by 'alloc' is assumed to be already cleared (or you are
fine with garbage); otherwise CFFI will clear it.
"""
compiled_ffi = self._backend.FFI()
allocator = compiled_ffi.new_allocator(alloc, free,
should_clear_after_alloc)
def allocate(cdecl, init=None):
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
return allocator(cdecl, init)
return allocate
def cast(self, cdecl, source):
"""Similar to a C cast: returns an instance of the named C
type initialized with the given 'source'. The source is
casted between integers or pointers of any type.
"""
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
return self._backend.cast(cdecl, source)
def string(self, cdata, maxlen=-1):
"""Return a Python string (or unicode string) from the 'cdata'.
If 'cdata' is a pointer or array of characters or bytes, returns
the null-terminated string. The returned string extends until
the first null character, or at most 'maxlen' characters. If
'cdata' is an array then 'maxlen' defaults to its length.
If 'cdata' is a pointer or array of wchar_t, returns a unicode
string following the same rules.
If 'cdata' is a single character or byte or a wchar_t, returns
it as a string or unicode string.
If 'cdata' is an enum, returns the value of the enumerator as a
string, or 'NUMBER' if the value is out of range.
"""
return self._backend.string(cdata, maxlen)
def unpack(self, cdata, length):
"""Unpack an array of C data of the given length,
returning a Python string/unicode/list.
If 'cdata' is a pointer to 'char', returns a byte string.
It does not stop at the first null. This is equivalent to:
ffi.buffer(cdata, length)[:]
If 'cdata' is a pointer to 'wchar_t', returns a unicode string.
'length' is measured in wchar_t's; it is not the size in bytes.
If 'cdata' is a pointer to anything else, returns a list of
'length' items. This is a faster equivalent to:
[cdata[i] for i in range(length)]
"""
return self._backend.unpack(cdata, length)
#def buffer(self, cdata, size=-1):
# """Return a read-write buffer object that references the raw C data
# pointed to by the given 'cdata'. The 'cdata' must be a pointer or
# an array. Can be passed to functions expecting a buffer, or directly
# manipulated with:
#
# buf[:] get a copy of it in a regular string, or
# buf[idx] as a single character
# buf[:] = ...
# buf[idx] = ... change the content
# """
# note that 'buffer' is a type, set on this instance by __init__
def from_buffer(self, cdecl, python_buffer=_unspecified,
require_writable=False):
"""Return a cdata of the given type pointing to the data of the
given Python object, which must support the buffer interface.
Note that this is not meant to be used on the built-in types
str or unicode (you can build 'char[]' arrays explicitly)
but only on objects containing large quantities of raw data
in some other format, like 'array.array' or numpy arrays.
The first argument is optional and default to 'char[]'.
"""
if python_buffer is _unspecified:
cdecl, python_buffer = self.BCharA, cdecl
elif isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
return self._backend.from_buffer(cdecl, python_buffer,
require_writable)
def memmove(self, dest, src, n):
"""ffi.memmove(dest, src, n) copies n bytes of memory from src to dest.
Like the C function memmove(), the memory areas may overlap;
apart from that it behaves like the C function memcpy().
'src' can be any cdata ptr or array, or any Python buffer object.
'dest' can be any cdata ptr or array, or a writable Python buffer
object. The size to copy, 'n', is always measured in bytes.
Unlike other methods, this one supports all Python buffer including
byte strings and bytearrays---but it still does not support
non-contiguous buffers.
"""
return self._backend.memmove(dest, src, n)
def callback(self, cdecl, python_callable=None, error=None, onerror=None):
"""Return a callback object or a decorator making such a
callback object. 'cdecl' must name a C function pointer type.
The callback invokes the specified 'python_callable' (which may
be provided either directly or via a decorator). Important: the
callback object must be manually kept alive for as long as the
callback may be invoked from the C level.
"""
def callback_decorator_wrap(python_callable):
if not callable(python_callable):
raise TypeError("the 'python_callable' argument "
"is not callable")
return self._backend.callback(cdecl, python_callable,
error, onerror)
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=True)
if python_callable is None:
return callback_decorator_wrap # decorator mode
else:
return callback_decorator_wrap(python_callable) # direct mode
def getctype(self, cdecl, replace_with=''):
"""Return a string giving the C type 'cdecl', which may be itself
a string or a <ctype> object. If 'replace_with' is given, it gives
extra text to append (or insert for more complicated C types), like
a variable name, or '*' to get actually the C type 'pointer-to-cdecl'.
"""
if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
replace_with = replace_with.strip()
if (replace_with.startswith('*')
and '&[' in self._backend.getcname(cdecl, '&')):
replace_with = '(%s)' % replace_with
elif replace_with and not replace_with[0] in '[(':
replace_with = ' ' + replace_with
return self._backend.getcname(cdecl, replace_with)
def gc(self, cdata, destructor, size=0):
"""Return a new cdata object that points to the same
data. Later, when this new cdata object is garbage-collected,
'destructor(old_cdata_object)' will be called.
The optional 'size' gives an estimate of the size, used to
trigger the garbage collection more eagerly. So far only used
on PyPy. It tells the GC that the returned object keeps alive
roughly 'size' bytes of external memory.
"""
return self._backend.gcp(cdata, destructor, size)
def _get_cached_btype(self, type):
assert self._lock.acquire(False) is False
# call me with the lock!
try:
BType = self._cached_btypes[type]
except KeyError:
finishlist = []
BType = type.get_cached_btype(self, finishlist)
for type in finishlist:
type.finish_backend_type(self, finishlist)
return BType
def verify(self, source='', tmpdir=None, **kwargs):
"""Verify that the current ffi signatures compile on this
machine, and return a dynamic library object. The dynamic
library can be used to call functions and access global
variables declared in this 'ffi'. The library is compiled
by the C compiler: it gives you C-level API compatibility
(including calling macros). This is unlike 'ffi.dlopen()',
which requires binary compatibility in the signatures.
"""
from .verifier import Verifier, _caller_dir_pycache
#
# If set_unicode(True) was called, insert the UNICODE and
# _UNICODE macro declarations
if self._windows_unicode:
self._apply_windows_unicode(kwargs)
#
# Set the tmpdir here, and not in Verifier.__init__: it picks
# up the caller's directory, which we want to be the caller of
# ffi.verify(), as opposed to the caller of Veritier().
tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
#
# Make a Verifier() and use it to load the library.
self.verifier = Verifier(self, source, tmpdir, **kwargs)
lib = self.verifier.load_library()
#
# Save the loaded library for keep-alive purposes, even
# if the caller doesn't keep it alive itself (it should).
self._libraries.append(lib)
return lib
def _get_errno(self):
return self._backend.get_errno()
def _set_errno(self, errno):
self._backend.set_errno(errno)
errno = property(_get_errno, _set_errno, None,
"the value of 'errno' from/to the C calls")
def getwinerror(self, code=-1):
return self._backend.getwinerror(code)
def _pointer_to(self, ctype):
with self._lock:
return model.pointer_cache(self, ctype)
def addressof(self, cdata, *fields_or_indexes):
"""Return the address of a <cdata 'struct-or-union'>.
If 'fields_or_indexes' are given, returns the address of that
field or array item in the structure or array, recursively in
case of nested structures.
"""
try:
ctype = self._backend.typeof(cdata)
except TypeError:
if '__addressof__' in type(cdata).__dict__:
return type(cdata).__addressof__(cdata, *fields_or_indexes)
raise
if fields_or_indexes:
ctype, offset = self._typeoffsetof(ctype, *fields_or_indexes)
else:
if ctype.kind == "pointer":
raise TypeError("addressof(pointer)")
offset = 0
ctypeptr = self._pointer_to(ctype)
return self._backend.rawaddressof(ctypeptr, cdata, offset)
def _typeoffsetof(self, ctype, field_or_index, *fields_or_indexes):
ctype, offset = self._backend.typeoffsetof(ctype, field_or_index)
for field1 in fields_or_indexes:
ctype, offset1 = self._backend.typeoffsetof(ctype, field1, 1)
offset += offset1
return ctype, offset
def include(self, ffi_to_include):
"""Includes the typedefs, structs, unions and enums defined
in another FFI instance. Usage is similar to a #include in C,
where a part of the program might include types defined in
another part for its own usage. Note that the include()
method has no effect on functions, constants and global
variables, which must anyway be accessed directly from the
lib object returned by the original FFI instance.
"""
if not isinstance(ffi_to_include, FFI):
raise TypeError("ffi.include() expects an argument that is also of"
" type cffi.FFI, not %r" % (
type(ffi_to_include).__name__,))
if ffi_to_include is self:
raise ValueError("self.include(self)")
with ffi_to_include._lock:
with self._lock:
self._parser.include(ffi_to_include._parser)
self._cdefsources.append('[')
self._cdefsources.extend(ffi_to_include._cdefsources)
self._cdefsources.append(']')
self._included_ffis.append(ffi_to_include)
def new_handle(self, x):
return self._backend.newp_handle(self.BVoidP, x)
def from_handle(self, x):
return self._backend.from_handle(x)
def release(self, x):
self._backend.release(x)
def set_unicode(self, enabled_flag):
"""Windows: if 'enabled_flag' is True, enable the UNICODE and
_UNICODE defines in C, and declare the types like TCHAR and LPTCSTR
to be (pointers to) wchar_t. If 'enabled_flag' is False,
declare these types to be (pointers to) plain 8-bit characters.
This is mostly for backward compatibility; you usually want True.
"""
if self._windows_unicode is not None:
raise ValueError("set_unicode() can only be called once")
enabled_flag = bool(enabled_flag)
if enabled_flag:
self.cdef("typedef wchar_t TBYTE;"
"typedef wchar_t TCHAR;"
"typedef const wchar_t *LPCTSTR;"
"typedef const wchar_t *PCTSTR;"
"typedef wchar_t *LPTSTR;"
"typedef wchar_t *PTSTR;"
"typedef TBYTE *PTBYTE;"
"typedef TCHAR *PTCHAR;")
else:
self.cdef("typedef char TBYTE;"
"typedef char TCHAR;"
"typedef const char *LPCTSTR;"
"typedef const char *PCTSTR;"
"typedef char *LPTSTR;"
"typedef char *PTSTR;"
"typedef TBYTE *PTBYTE;"
"typedef TCHAR *PTCHAR;")
self._windows_unicode = enabled_flag
def _apply_windows_unicode(self, kwds):
defmacros = kwds.get('define_macros', ())
if not isinstance(defmacros, (list, tuple)):
raise TypeError("'define_macros' must be a list or tuple")
defmacros = list(defmacros) + [('UNICODE', '1'),
('_UNICODE', '1')]
kwds['define_macros'] = defmacros
def _apply_embedding_fix(self, kwds):
# must include an argument like "-lpython2.7" for the compiler
def ensure(key, value):
lst = kwds.setdefault(key, [])
if value not in lst:
lst.append(value)
#
if '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names:
import os
if sys.platform == "win32":
# we need 'libpypy-c.lib'. Current distributions of
# pypy (>= 4.1) contain it as 'libs/python27.lib'.
pythonlib = "python{0[0]}{0[1]}".format(sys.version_info)
if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'libs'))
else:
# we need 'libpypy-c.{so,dylib}', which should be by
# default located in 'sys.prefix/bin' for installed
# systems.
if sys.version_info < (3,):
pythonlib = "pypy-c"
else:
pythonlib = "pypy3-c"
if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'bin'))
# On uninstalled pypy's, the libpypy-c is typically found in
# .../pypy/goal/.
if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'pypy', 'goal'))
else:
if sys.platform == "win32":
template = "python%d%d"
if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
template += '_d'
else:
try:
import sysconfig
except ImportError: # 2.6
from distutils import sysconfig
template = "python%d.%d"
if sysconfig.get_config_var('DEBUG_EXT'):
template += sysconfig.get_config_var('DEBUG_EXT')
pythonlib = (template %
(sys.hexversion >> 24, (sys.hexversion >> 16) & 0xff))
if hasattr(sys, 'abiflags'):
pythonlib += sys.abiflags
ensure('libraries', pythonlib)
if sys.platform == "win32":
ensure('extra_link_args', '/MANIFEST')
def set_source(self, module_name, source, source_extension='.c', **kwds):
import os
if hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
raise ValueError("set_source() cannot be called several times "
"per ffi object")
if not isinstance(module_name, basestring):
raise TypeError("'module_name' must be a string")
if os.sep in module_name or (os.altsep and os.altsep in module_name):
raise ValueError("'module_name' must not contain '/': use a dotted "
"name to make a 'package.module' location")
self._assigned_source = (str(module_name), source,
source_extension, kwds)
def set_source_pkgconfig(self, module_name, pkgconfig_libs, source,
source_extension='.c', **kwds):
from . import pkgconfig
if not isinstance(pkgconfig_libs, list):
raise TypeError("the pkgconfig_libs argument must be a list "
"of package names")
kwds2 = pkgconfig.flags_from_pkgconfig(pkgconfig_libs)
pkgconfig.merge_flags(kwds, kwds2)
self.set_source(module_name, source, source_extension, **kwds)
def distutils_extension(self, tmpdir='build', verbose=True):
from distutils.dir_util import mkpath
from .recompiler import recompile
#
if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
if hasattr(self, 'verifier'): # fallback, 'tmpdir' ignored
return self.verifier.get_extension()
raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before"
" distutils_extension()")
module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
if source is None:
raise TypeError("distutils_extension() is only for C extension "
"modules, not for dlopen()-style pure Python "
"modules")
mkpath(tmpdir)
ext, updated = recompile(self, module_name,
source, tmpdir=tmpdir, extradir=tmpdir,
source_extension=source_extension,
call_c_compiler=False, **kwds)
if verbose:
if updated:
sys.stderr.write("regenerated: %r\n" % (ext.sources[0],))
else:
sys.stderr.write("not modified: %r\n" % (ext.sources[0],))
return ext
def emit_c_code(self, filename):
from .recompiler import recompile
#
if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before emit_c_code()")
module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
if source is None:
raise TypeError("emit_c_code() is only for C extension modules, "
"not for dlopen()-style pure Python modules")
recompile(self, module_name, source,
c_file=filename, call_c_compiler=False, **kwds)
def emit_python_code(self, filename):
from .recompiler import recompile
#
if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before emit_c_code()")
module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
if source is not None:
raise TypeError("emit_python_code() is only for dlopen()-style "
"pure Python modules, not for C extension modules")
recompile(self, module_name, source,
c_file=filename, call_c_compiler=False, **kwds)
def compile(self, tmpdir='.', verbose=0, target=None, debug=None):
"""The 'target' argument gives the final file name of the
compiled DLL. Use '*' to force distutils' choice, suitable for
regular CPython C API modules. Use a file name ending in '.*'
to ask for the system's default extension for dynamic libraries
(.so/.dll/.dylib).
The default is '*' when building a non-embedded C API extension,
and (module_name + '.*') when building an embedded library.
"""
from .recompiler import recompile
#
if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before compile()")
module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
return recompile(self, module_name, source, tmpdir=tmpdir,
target=target, source_extension=source_extension,
compiler_verbose=verbose, debug=debug, **kwds)
def init_once(self, func, tag):
# Read _init_once_cache[tag], which is either (False, lock) if
# we're calling the function now in some thread, or (True, result).
# Don't call setdefault() in most cases, to avoid allocating and
# immediately freeing a lock; but still use setdefaut() to avoid
# races.
try:
x = self._init_once_cache[tag]
except KeyError:
x = self._init_once_cache.setdefault(tag, (False, allocate_lock()))
# Common case: we got (True, result), so we return the result.
if x[0]:
return x[1]
# Else, it's a lock. Acquire it to serialize the following tests.
with x[1]:
# Read again from _init_once_cache the current status.
x = self._init_once_cache[tag]
if x[0]:
return x[1]
# Call the function and store the result back.
result = func()
self._init_once_cache[tag] = (True, result)
return result
def embedding_init_code(self, pysource):
if self._embedding:
raise ValueError("embedding_init_code() can only be called once")
# fix 'pysource' before it gets dumped into the C file:
# - remove empty lines at the beginning, so it starts at "line 1"
# - dedent, if all non-empty lines are indented
# - check for SyntaxErrors
import re
match = re.match(r'\s*\n', pysource)
if match:
pysource = pysource[match.end():]
lines = pysource.splitlines() or ['']
prefix = re.match(r'\s*', lines[0]).group()
for i in range(1, len(lines)):
line = lines[i]
if line.rstrip():
while not line.startswith(prefix):
prefix = prefix[:-1]
i = len(prefix)
lines = [line[i:]+'\n' for line in lines]
pysource = ''.join(lines)
#
compile(pysource, "cffi_init", "exec")
#
self._embedding = pysource
def def_extern(self, *args, **kwds):
raise ValueError("ffi.def_extern() is only available on API-mode FFI "
"objects")
def list_types(self):
"""Returns the user type names known to this FFI instance.
This returns a tuple containing three lists of names:
(typedef_names, names_of_structs, names_of_unions)
"""
typedefs = []
structs = []
unions = []
for key in self._parser._declarations:
if key.startswith('typedef '):
typedefs.append(key[8:])
elif key.startswith('struct '):
structs.append(key[7:])
elif key.startswith('union '):
unions.append(key[6:])
typedefs.sort()
structs.sort()
unions.sort()
return (typedefs, structs, unions)
def _load_backend_lib(backend, name, flags):
import os
if name is None:
if sys.platform != "win32":
return backend.load_library(None, flags)
name = "c" # Windows: load_library(None) fails, but this works
# on Python 2 (backward compatibility hack only)
first_error = None
if '.' in name or '/' in name or os.sep in name:
try:
return backend.load_library(name, flags)
except OSError as e:
first_error = e
import ctypes.util
path = ctypes.util.find_library(name)
if path is None:
if name == "c" and sys.platform == "win32" and sys.version_info >= (3,):
raise OSError("dlopen(None) cannot work on Windows for Python 3 "
"(see http://bugs.python.org/issue23606)")
msg = ("ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage "
"to locate a library called %r" % (name,))
if first_error is not None:
msg = "%s. Additionally, %s" % (first_error, msg)
raise OSError(msg)
return backend.load_library(path, flags)
def _make_ffi_library(ffi, libname, flags):
backend = ffi._backend
backendlib = _load_backend_lib(backend, libname, flags)
#
def accessor_function(name):
key = 'function ' + name
tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
value = backendlib.load_function(BType, name)
library.__dict__[name] = value
#
def accessor_variable(name):
key = 'variable ' + name
tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
read_variable = backendlib.read_variable
write_variable = backendlib.write_variable
setattr(FFILibrary, name, property(
lambda self: read_variable(BType, name),
lambda self, value: write_variable(BType, name, value)))
#
def addressof_var(name):
try:
return addr_variables[name]
except KeyError:
with ffi._lock:
if name not in addr_variables:
key = 'variable ' + name
tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
if BType.kind != 'array':
BType = model.pointer_cache(ffi, BType)
p = backendlib.load_function(BType, name)
addr_variables[name] = p
return addr_variables[name]
#
def accessor_constant(name):
raise NotImplementedError("non-integer constant '%s' cannot be "
"accessed from a dlopen() library" % (name,))
#
def accessor_int_constant(name):
library.__dict__[name] = ffi._parser._int_constants[name]
#
accessors = {}
accessors_version = [False]
addr_variables = {}
#
def update_accessors():
if accessors_version[0] is ffi._cdef_version:
return
#
for key, (tp, _) in ffi._parser._declarations.items():
if not isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
tag, name = key.split(' ', 1)
if tag == 'function':
accessors[name] = accessor_function
elif tag == 'variable':
accessors[name] = accessor_variable
elif tag == 'constant':
accessors[name] = accessor_constant
else:
for i, enumname in enumerate(tp.enumerators):
def accessor_enum(name, tp=tp, i=i):
tp.check_not_partial()
library.__dict__[name] = tp.enumvalues[i]
accessors[enumname] = accessor_enum
for name in ffi._parser._int_constants:
accessors.setdefault(name, accessor_int_constant)
accessors_version[0] = ffi._cdef_version
#
def make_accessor(name):
with ffi._lock:
if name in library.__dict__ or name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
return # added by another thread while waiting for the lock
if name not in accessors:
update_accessors()
if name not in accessors:
raise AttributeError(name)
accessors[name](name)
#
class FFILibrary(object):
def __getattr__(self, name):
make_accessor(name)
return getattr(self, name)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
try:
property = getattr(self.__class__, name)
except AttributeError:
make_accessor(name)
setattr(self, name, value)
else:
property.__set__(self, value)
def __dir__(self):
with ffi._lock:
update_accessors()
return accessors.keys()
def __addressof__(self, name):
if name in library.__dict__:
return library.__dict__[name]
if name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
return addressof_var(name)
make_accessor(name)
if name in library.__dict__:
return library.__dict__[name]
if name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
return addressof_var(name)
raise AttributeError("cffi library has no function or "
"global variable named '%s'" % (name,))
def __cffi_close__(self):
backendlib.close_lib()
self.__dict__.clear()
#
if libname is not None:
try:
if not isinstance(libname, str): # unicode, on Python 2
libname = libname.encode('utf-8')
FFILibrary.__name__ = 'FFILibrary_%s' % libname
except UnicodeError:
pass
library = FFILibrary()
return library, library.__dict__
def _builtin_function_type(func):
# a hack to make at least ffi.typeof(builtin_function) work,
# if the builtin function was obtained by 'vengine_cpy'.
import sys
try:
module = sys.modules[func.__module__]
ffi = module._cffi_original_ffi
types_of_builtin_funcs = module._cffi_types_of_builtin_funcs
tp = types_of_builtin_funcs[func]
except (KeyError, AttributeError, TypeError):
return None
else:
with ffi._lock:
return ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)

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from .error import VerificationError
class CffiOp(object):
def __init__(self, op, arg):
self.op = op
self.arg = arg
def as_c_expr(self):
if self.op is None:
assert isinstance(self.arg, str)
return '(_cffi_opcode_t)(%s)' % (self.arg,)
classname = CLASS_NAME[self.op]
return '_CFFI_OP(_CFFI_OP_%s, %s)' % (classname, self.arg)
def as_python_bytes(self):
if self.op is None and self.arg.isdigit():
value = int(self.arg) # non-negative: '-' not in self.arg
if value >= 2**31:
raise OverflowError("cannot emit %r: limited to 2**31-1"
% (self.arg,))
return format_four_bytes(value)
if isinstance(self.arg, str):
raise VerificationError("cannot emit to Python: %r" % (self.arg,))
return format_four_bytes((self.arg << 8) | self.op)
def __str__(self):
classname = CLASS_NAME.get(self.op, self.op)
return '(%s %s)' % (classname, self.arg)
def format_four_bytes(num):
return '\\x%02X\\x%02X\\x%02X\\x%02X' % (
(num >> 24) & 0xFF,
(num >> 16) & 0xFF,
(num >> 8) & 0xFF,
(num ) & 0xFF)
OP_PRIMITIVE = 1
OP_POINTER = 3
OP_ARRAY = 5
OP_OPEN_ARRAY = 7
OP_STRUCT_UNION = 9
OP_ENUM = 11
OP_FUNCTION = 13
OP_FUNCTION_END = 15
OP_NOOP = 17
OP_BITFIELD = 19
OP_TYPENAME = 21
OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_V = 23 # varargs
OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_N = 25 # noargs
OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_O = 27 # O (i.e. a single arg)
OP_CONSTANT = 29
OP_CONSTANT_INT = 31
OP_GLOBAL_VAR = 33
OP_DLOPEN_FUNC = 35
OP_DLOPEN_CONST = 37
OP_GLOBAL_VAR_F = 39
OP_EXTERN_PYTHON = 41
PRIM_VOID = 0
PRIM_BOOL = 1
PRIM_CHAR = 2
PRIM_SCHAR = 3
PRIM_UCHAR = 4
PRIM_SHORT = 5
PRIM_USHORT = 6
PRIM_INT = 7
PRIM_UINT = 8
PRIM_LONG = 9
PRIM_ULONG = 10
PRIM_LONGLONG = 11
PRIM_ULONGLONG = 12
PRIM_FLOAT = 13
PRIM_DOUBLE = 14
PRIM_LONGDOUBLE = 15
PRIM_WCHAR = 16
PRIM_INT8 = 17
PRIM_UINT8 = 18
PRIM_INT16 = 19
PRIM_UINT16 = 20
PRIM_INT32 = 21
PRIM_UINT32 = 22
PRIM_INT64 = 23
PRIM_UINT64 = 24
PRIM_INTPTR = 25
PRIM_UINTPTR = 26
PRIM_PTRDIFF = 27
PRIM_SIZE = 28
PRIM_SSIZE = 29
PRIM_INT_LEAST8 = 30
PRIM_UINT_LEAST8 = 31
PRIM_INT_LEAST16 = 32
PRIM_UINT_LEAST16 = 33
PRIM_INT_LEAST32 = 34
PRIM_UINT_LEAST32 = 35
PRIM_INT_LEAST64 = 36
PRIM_UINT_LEAST64 = 37
PRIM_INT_FAST8 = 38
PRIM_UINT_FAST8 = 39
PRIM_INT_FAST16 = 40
PRIM_UINT_FAST16 = 41
PRIM_INT_FAST32 = 42
PRIM_UINT_FAST32 = 43
PRIM_INT_FAST64 = 44
PRIM_UINT_FAST64 = 45
PRIM_INTMAX = 46
PRIM_UINTMAX = 47
PRIM_FLOATCOMPLEX = 48
PRIM_DOUBLECOMPLEX = 49
PRIM_CHAR16 = 50
PRIM_CHAR32 = 51
_NUM_PRIM = 52
_UNKNOWN_PRIM = -1
_UNKNOWN_FLOAT_PRIM = -2
_UNKNOWN_LONG_DOUBLE = -3
_IO_FILE_STRUCT = -1
PRIMITIVE_TO_INDEX = {
'char': PRIM_CHAR,
'short': PRIM_SHORT,
'int': PRIM_INT,
'long': PRIM_LONG,
'long long': PRIM_LONGLONG,
'signed char': PRIM_SCHAR,
'unsigned char': PRIM_UCHAR,
'unsigned short': PRIM_USHORT,
'unsigned int': PRIM_UINT,
'unsigned long': PRIM_ULONG,
'unsigned long long': PRIM_ULONGLONG,
'float': PRIM_FLOAT,
'double': PRIM_DOUBLE,
'long double': PRIM_LONGDOUBLE,
'float _Complex': PRIM_FLOATCOMPLEX,
'double _Complex': PRIM_DOUBLECOMPLEX,
'_Bool': PRIM_BOOL,
'wchar_t': PRIM_WCHAR,
'char16_t': PRIM_CHAR16,
'char32_t': PRIM_CHAR32,
'int8_t': PRIM_INT8,
'uint8_t': PRIM_UINT8,
'int16_t': PRIM_INT16,
'uint16_t': PRIM_UINT16,
'int32_t': PRIM_INT32,
'uint32_t': PRIM_UINT32,
'int64_t': PRIM_INT64,
'uint64_t': PRIM_UINT64,
'intptr_t': PRIM_INTPTR,
'uintptr_t': PRIM_UINTPTR,
'ptrdiff_t': PRIM_PTRDIFF,
'size_t': PRIM_SIZE,
'ssize_t': PRIM_SSIZE,
'int_least8_t': PRIM_INT_LEAST8,
'uint_least8_t': PRIM_UINT_LEAST8,
'int_least16_t': PRIM_INT_LEAST16,
'uint_least16_t': PRIM_UINT_LEAST16,
'int_least32_t': PRIM_INT_LEAST32,
'uint_least32_t': PRIM_UINT_LEAST32,
'int_least64_t': PRIM_INT_LEAST64,
'uint_least64_t': PRIM_UINT_LEAST64,
'int_fast8_t': PRIM_INT_FAST8,
'uint_fast8_t': PRIM_UINT_FAST8,
'int_fast16_t': PRIM_INT_FAST16,
'uint_fast16_t': PRIM_UINT_FAST16,
'int_fast32_t': PRIM_INT_FAST32,
'uint_fast32_t': PRIM_UINT_FAST32,
'int_fast64_t': PRIM_INT_FAST64,
'uint_fast64_t': PRIM_UINT_FAST64,
'intmax_t': PRIM_INTMAX,
'uintmax_t': PRIM_UINTMAX,
}
F_UNION = 0x01
F_CHECK_FIELDS = 0x02
F_PACKED = 0x04
F_EXTERNAL = 0x08
F_OPAQUE = 0x10
G_FLAGS = dict([('_CFFI_' + _key, globals()[_key])
for _key in ['F_UNION', 'F_CHECK_FIELDS', 'F_PACKED',
'F_EXTERNAL', 'F_OPAQUE']])
CLASS_NAME = {}
for _name, _value in list(globals().items()):
if _name.startswith('OP_') and isinstance(_value, int):
CLASS_NAME[_value] = _name[3:]

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@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
import sys
from . import model
from .error import FFIError
COMMON_TYPES = {}
try:
# fetch "bool" and all simple Windows types
from _cffi_backend import _get_common_types
_get_common_types(COMMON_TYPES)
except ImportError:
pass
COMMON_TYPES['FILE'] = model.unknown_type('FILE', '_IO_FILE')
COMMON_TYPES['bool'] = '_Bool' # in case we got ImportError above
for _type in model.PrimitiveType.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
if _type.endswith('_t'):
COMMON_TYPES[_type] = _type
del _type
_CACHE = {}
def resolve_common_type(parser, commontype):
try:
return _CACHE[commontype]
except KeyError:
cdecl = COMMON_TYPES.get(commontype, commontype)
if not isinstance(cdecl, str):
result, quals = cdecl, 0 # cdecl is already a BaseType
elif cdecl in model.PrimitiveType.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
result, quals = model.PrimitiveType(cdecl), 0
elif cdecl == 'set-unicode-needed':
raise FFIError("The Windows type %r is only available after "
"you call ffi.set_unicode()" % (commontype,))
else:
if commontype == cdecl:
raise FFIError(
"Unsupported type: %r. Please look at "
"http://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cdef.html#ffi-cdef-limitations "
"and file an issue if you think this type should really "
"be supported." % (commontype,))
result, quals = parser.parse_type_and_quals(cdecl) # recursive
assert isinstance(result, model.BaseTypeByIdentity)
_CACHE[commontype] = result, quals
return result, quals
# ____________________________________________________________
# extra types for Windows (most of them are in commontypes.c)
def win_common_types():
return {
"UNICODE_STRING": model.StructType(
"_UNICODE_STRING",
["Length",
"MaximumLength",
"Buffer"],
[model.PrimitiveType("unsigned short"),
model.PrimitiveType("unsigned short"),
model.PointerType(model.PrimitiveType("wchar_t"))],
[-1, -1, -1]),
"PUNICODE_STRING": "UNICODE_STRING *",
"PCUNICODE_STRING": "const UNICODE_STRING *",
"TBYTE": "set-unicode-needed",
"TCHAR": "set-unicode-needed",
"LPCTSTR": "set-unicode-needed",
"PCTSTR": "set-unicode-needed",
"LPTSTR": "set-unicode-needed",
"PTSTR": "set-unicode-needed",
"PTBYTE": "set-unicode-needed",
"PTCHAR": "set-unicode-needed",
}
if sys.platform == 'win32':
COMMON_TYPES.update(win_common_types())

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from . import model
from .commontypes import COMMON_TYPES, resolve_common_type
from .error import FFIError, CDefError
try:
from . import _pycparser as pycparser
except ImportError:
import pycparser
import weakref, re, sys
try:
if sys.version_info < (3,):
import thread as _thread
else:
import _thread
lock = _thread.allocate_lock()
except ImportError:
lock = None
def _workaround_for_static_import_finders():
# Issue #392: packaging tools like cx_Freeze can not find these
# because pycparser uses exec dynamic import. This is an obscure
# workaround. This function is never called.
import pycparser.yacctab
import pycparser.lextab
CDEF_SOURCE_STRING = "<cdef source string>"
_r_comment = re.compile(r"/\*.*?\*/|//([^\n\\]|\\.)*?$",
re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
_r_define = re.compile(r"^\s*#\s*define\s+([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)"
r"\b((?:[^\n\\]|\\.)*?)$",
re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
_r_partial_enum = re.compile(r"=\s*\.\.\.\s*[,}]|\.\.\.\s*\}")
_r_enum_dotdotdot = re.compile(r"__dotdotdot\d+__$")
_r_partial_array = re.compile(r"\[\s*\.\.\.\s*\]")
_r_words = re.compile(r"\w+|\S")
_parser_cache = None
_r_int_literal = re.compile(r"-?0?x?[0-9a-f]+[lu]*$", re.IGNORECASE)
_r_stdcall1 = re.compile(r"\b(__stdcall|WINAPI)\b")
_r_stdcall2 = re.compile(r"[(]\s*(__stdcall|WINAPI)\b")
_r_cdecl = re.compile(r"\b__cdecl\b")
_r_extern_python = re.compile(r'\bextern\s*"'
r'(Python|Python\s*\+\s*C|C\s*\+\s*Python)"\s*.')
_r_star_const_space = re.compile( # matches "* const "
r"[*]\s*((const|volatile|restrict)\b\s*)+")
_r_int_dotdotdot = re.compile(r"(\b(int|long|short|signed|unsigned|char)\s*)+"
r"\.\.\.")
_r_float_dotdotdot = re.compile(r"\b(double|float)\s*\.\.\.")
def _get_parser():
global _parser_cache
if _parser_cache is None:
_parser_cache = pycparser.CParser()
return _parser_cache
def _workaround_for_old_pycparser(csource):
# Workaround for a pycparser issue (fixed between pycparser 2.10 and
# 2.14): "char*const***" gives us a wrong syntax tree, the same as
# for "char***(*const)". This means we can't tell the difference
# afterwards. But "char(*const(***))" gives us the right syntax
# tree. The issue only occurs if there are several stars in
# sequence with no parenthesis inbetween, just possibly qualifiers.
# Attempt to fix it by adding some parentheses in the source: each
# time we see "* const" or "* const *", we add an opening
# parenthesis before each star---the hard part is figuring out where
# to close them.
parts = []
while True:
match = _r_star_const_space.search(csource)
if not match:
break
#print repr(''.join(parts)+csource), '=>',
parts.append(csource[:match.start()])
parts.append('('); closing = ')'
parts.append(match.group()) # e.g. "* const "
endpos = match.end()
if csource.startswith('*', endpos):
parts.append('('); closing += ')'
level = 0
i = endpos
while i < len(csource):
c = csource[i]
if c == '(':
level += 1
elif c == ')':
if level == 0:
break
level -= 1
elif c in ',;=':
if level == 0:
break
i += 1
csource = csource[endpos:i] + closing + csource[i:]
#print repr(''.join(parts)+csource)
parts.append(csource)
return ''.join(parts)
def _preprocess_extern_python(csource):
# input: `extern "Python" int foo(int);` or
# `extern "Python" { int foo(int); }`
# output:
# void __cffi_extern_python_start;
# int foo(int);
# void __cffi_extern_python_stop;
#
# input: `extern "Python+C" int foo(int);`
# output:
# void __cffi_extern_python_plus_c_start;
# int foo(int);
# void __cffi_extern_python_stop;
parts = []
while True:
match = _r_extern_python.search(csource)
if not match:
break
endpos = match.end() - 1
#print
#print ''.join(parts)+csource
#print '=>'
parts.append(csource[:match.start()])
if 'C' in match.group(1):
parts.append('void __cffi_extern_python_plus_c_start; ')
else:
parts.append('void __cffi_extern_python_start; ')
if csource[endpos] == '{':
# grouping variant
closing = csource.find('}', endpos)
if closing < 0:
raise CDefError("'extern \"Python\" {': no '}' found")
if csource.find('{', endpos + 1, closing) >= 0:
raise NotImplementedError("cannot use { } inside a block "
"'extern \"Python\" { ... }'")
parts.append(csource[endpos+1:closing])
csource = csource[closing+1:]
else:
# non-grouping variant
semicolon = csource.find(';', endpos)
if semicolon < 0:
raise CDefError("'extern \"Python\": no ';' found")
parts.append(csource[endpos:semicolon+1])
csource = csource[semicolon+1:]
parts.append(' void __cffi_extern_python_stop;')
#print ''.join(parts)+csource
#print
parts.append(csource)
return ''.join(parts)
def _warn_for_string_literal(csource):
if '"' not in csource:
return
for line in csource.splitlines():
if '"' in line and not line.lstrip().startswith('#'):
import warnings
warnings.warn("String literal found in cdef() or type source. "
"String literals are ignored here, but you should "
"remove them anyway because some character sequences "
"confuse pre-parsing.")
break
def _warn_for_non_extern_non_static_global_variable(decl):
if not decl.storage:
import warnings
warnings.warn("Global variable '%s' in cdef(): for consistency "
"with C it should have a storage class specifier "
"(usually 'extern')" % (decl.name,))
def _preprocess(csource):
# Remove comments. NOTE: this only work because the cdef() section
# should not contain any string literal!
csource = _r_comment.sub(' ', csource)
# Remove the "#define FOO x" lines
macros = {}
for match in _r_define.finditer(csource):
macroname, macrovalue = match.groups()
macrovalue = macrovalue.replace('\\\n', '').strip()
macros[macroname] = macrovalue
csource = _r_define.sub('', csource)
#
if pycparser.__version__ < '2.14':
csource = _workaround_for_old_pycparser(csource)
#
# BIG HACK: replace WINAPI or __stdcall with "volatile const".
# It doesn't make sense for the return type of a function to be
# "volatile volatile const", so we abuse it to detect __stdcall...
# Hack number 2 is that "int(volatile *fptr)();" is not valid C
# syntax, so we place the "volatile" before the opening parenthesis.
csource = _r_stdcall2.sub(' volatile volatile const(', csource)
csource = _r_stdcall1.sub(' volatile volatile const ', csource)
csource = _r_cdecl.sub(' ', csource)
#
# Replace `extern "Python"` with start/end markers
csource = _preprocess_extern_python(csource)
#
# Now there should not be any string literal left; warn if we get one
_warn_for_string_literal(csource)
#
# Replace "[...]" with "[__dotdotdotarray__]"
csource = _r_partial_array.sub('[__dotdotdotarray__]', csource)
#
# Replace "...}" with "__dotdotdotNUM__}". This construction should
# occur only at the end of enums; at the end of structs we have "...;}"
# and at the end of vararg functions "...);". Also replace "=...[,}]"
# with ",__dotdotdotNUM__[,}]": this occurs in the enums too, when
# giving an unknown value.
matches = list(_r_partial_enum.finditer(csource))
for number, match in enumerate(reversed(matches)):
p = match.start()
if csource[p] == '=':
p2 = csource.find('...', p, match.end())
assert p2 > p
csource = '%s,__dotdotdot%d__ %s' % (csource[:p], number,
csource[p2+3:])
else:
assert csource[p:p+3] == '...'
csource = '%s __dotdotdot%d__ %s' % (csource[:p], number,
csource[p+3:])
# Replace "int ..." or "unsigned long int..." with "__dotdotdotint__"
csource = _r_int_dotdotdot.sub(' __dotdotdotint__ ', csource)
# Replace "float ..." or "double..." with "__dotdotdotfloat__"
csource = _r_float_dotdotdot.sub(' __dotdotdotfloat__ ', csource)
# Replace all remaining "..." with the same name, "__dotdotdot__",
# which is declared with a typedef for the purpose of C parsing.
return csource.replace('...', ' __dotdotdot__ '), macros
def _common_type_names(csource):
# Look in the source for what looks like usages of types from the
# list of common types. A "usage" is approximated here as the
# appearance of the word, minus a "definition" of the type, which
# is the last word in a "typedef" statement. Approximative only
# but should be fine for all the common types.
look_for_words = set(COMMON_TYPES)
look_for_words.add(';')
look_for_words.add(',')
look_for_words.add('(')
look_for_words.add(')')
look_for_words.add('typedef')
words_used = set()
is_typedef = False
paren = 0
previous_word = ''
for word in _r_words.findall(csource):
if word in look_for_words:
if word == ';':
if is_typedef:
words_used.discard(previous_word)
look_for_words.discard(previous_word)
is_typedef = False
elif word == 'typedef':
is_typedef = True
paren = 0
elif word == '(':
paren += 1
elif word == ')':
paren -= 1
elif word == ',':
if is_typedef and paren == 0:
words_used.discard(previous_word)
look_for_words.discard(previous_word)
else: # word in COMMON_TYPES
words_used.add(word)
previous_word = word
return words_used
class Parser(object):
def __init__(self):
self._declarations = {}
self._included_declarations = set()
self._anonymous_counter = 0
self._structnode2type = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
self._options = {}
self._int_constants = {}
self._recomplete = []
self._uses_new_feature = None
def _parse(self, csource):
csource, macros = _preprocess(csource)
# XXX: for more efficiency we would need to poke into the
# internals of CParser... the following registers the
# typedefs, because their presence or absence influences the
# parsing itself (but what they are typedef'ed to plays no role)
ctn = _common_type_names(csource)
typenames = []
for name in sorted(self._declarations):
if name.startswith('typedef '):
name = name[8:]
typenames.append(name)
ctn.discard(name)
typenames += sorted(ctn)
#
csourcelines = []
csourcelines.append('# 1 "<cdef automatic initialization code>"')
for typename in typenames:
csourcelines.append('typedef int %s;' % typename)
csourcelines.append('typedef int __dotdotdotint__, __dotdotdotfloat__,'
' __dotdotdot__;')
# this forces pycparser to consider the following in the file
# called <cdef source string> from line 1
csourcelines.append('# 1 "%s"' % (CDEF_SOURCE_STRING,))
csourcelines.append(csource)
fullcsource = '\n'.join(csourcelines)
if lock is not None:
lock.acquire() # pycparser is not thread-safe...
try:
ast = _get_parser().parse(fullcsource)
except pycparser.c_parser.ParseError as e:
self.convert_pycparser_error(e, csource)
finally:
if lock is not None:
lock.release()
# csource will be used to find buggy source text
return ast, macros, csource
def _convert_pycparser_error(self, e, csource):
# xxx look for "<cdef source string>:NUM:" at the start of str(e)
# and interpret that as a line number. This will not work if
# the user gives explicit ``# NUM "FILE"`` directives.
line = None
msg = str(e)
match = re.match(r"%s:(\d+):" % (CDEF_SOURCE_STRING,), msg)
if match:
linenum = int(match.group(1), 10)
csourcelines = csource.splitlines()
if 1 <= linenum <= len(csourcelines):
line = csourcelines[linenum-1]
return line
def convert_pycparser_error(self, e, csource):
line = self._convert_pycparser_error(e, csource)
msg = str(e)
if line:
msg = 'cannot parse "%s"\n%s' % (line.strip(), msg)
else:
msg = 'parse error\n%s' % (msg,)
raise CDefError(msg)
def parse(self, csource, override=False, packed=False, pack=None,
dllexport=False):
if packed:
if packed != True:
raise ValueError("'packed' should be False or True; use "
"'pack' to give another value")
if pack:
raise ValueError("cannot give both 'pack' and 'packed'")
pack = 1
elif pack:
if pack & (pack - 1):
raise ValueError("'pack' must be a power of two, not %r" %
(pack,))
else:
pack = 0
prev_options = self._options
try:
self._options = {'override': override,
'packed': pack,
'dllexport': dllexport}
self._internal_parse(csource)
finally:
self._options = prev_options
def _internal_parse(self, csource):
ast, macros, csource = self._parse(csource)
# add the macros
self._process_macros(macros)
# find the first "__dotdotdot__" and use that as a separator
# between the repeated typedefs and the real csource
iterator = iter(ast.ext)
for decl in iterator:
if decl.name == '__dotdotdot__':
break
else:
assert 0
current_decl = None
#
try:
self._inside_extern_python = '__cffi_extern_python_stop'
for decl in iterator:
current_decl = decl
if isinstance(decl, pycparser.c_ast.Decl):
self._parse_decl(decl)
elif isinstance(decl, pycparser.c_ast.Typedef):
if not decl.name:
raise CDefError("typedef does not declare any name",
decl)
quals = 0
if (isinstance(decl.type.type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
decl.type.type.names[-1].startswith('__dotdotdot')):
realtype = self._get_unknown_type(decl)
elif (isinstance(decl.type, pycparser.c_ast.PtrDecl) and
isinstance(decl.type.type, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl) and
isinstance(decl.type.type.type,
pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
decl.type.type.type.names[-1].startswith('__dotdotdot')):
realtype = self._get_unknown_ptr_type(decl)
else:
realtype, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(
decl.type, name=decl.name, partial_length_ok=True)
self._declare('typedef ' + decl.name, realtype, quals=quals)
elif decl.__class__.__name__ == 'Pragma':
pass # skip pragma, only in pycparser 2.15
else:
raise CDefError("unexpected <%s>: this construct is valid "
"C but not valid in cdef()" %
decl.__class__.__name__, decl)
except CDefError as e:
if len(e.args) == 1:
e.args = e.args + (current_decl,)
raise
except FFIError as e:
msg = self._convert_pycparser_error(e, csource)
if msg:
e.args = (e.args[0] + "\n *** Err: %s" % msg,)
raise
def _add_constants(self, key, val):
if key in self._int_constants:
if self._int_constants[key] == val:
return # ignore identical double declarations
raise FFIError(
"multiple declarations of constant: %s" % (key,))
self._int_constants[key] = val
def _add_integer_constant(self, name, int_str):
int_str = int_str.lower().rstrip("ul")
neg = int_str.startswith('-')
if neg:
int_str = int_str[1:]
# "010" is not valid oct in py3
if (int_str.startswith("0") and int_str != '0'
and not int_str.startswith("0x")):
int_str = "0o" + int_str[1:]
pyvalue = int(int_str, 0)
if neg:
pyvalue = -pyvalue
self._add_constants(name, pyvalue)
self._declare('macro ' + name, pyvalue)
def _process_macros(self, macros):
for key, value in macros.items():
value = value.strip()
if _r_int_literal.match(value):
self._add_integer_constant(key, value)
elif value == '...':
self._declare('macro ' + key, value)
else:
raise CDefError(
'only supports one of the following syntax:\n'
' #define %s ... (literally dot-dot-dot)\n'
' #define %s NUMBER (with NUMBER an integer'
' constant, decimal/hex/octal)\n'
'got:\n'
' #define %s %s'
% (key, key, key, value))
def _declare_function(self, tp, quals, decl):
tp = self._get_type_pointer(tp, quals)
if self._options.get('dllexport'):
tag = 'dllexport_python '
elif self._inside_extern_python == '__cffi_extern_python_start':
tag = 'extern_python '
elif self._inside_extern_python == '__cffi_extern_python_plus_c_start':
tag = 'extern_python_plus_c '
else:
tag = 'function '
self._declare(tag + decl.name, tp)
def _parse_decl(self, decl):
node = decl.type
if isinstance(node, pycparser.c_ast.FuncDecl):
tp, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(node, name=decl.name)
assert isinstance(tp, model.RawFunctionType)
self._declare_function(tp, quals, decl)
else:
if isinstance(node, pycparser.c_ast.Struct):
self._get_struct_union_enum_type('struct', node)
elif isinstance(node, pycparser.c_ast.Union):
self._get_struct_union_enum_type('union', node)
elif isinstance(node, pycparser.c_ast.Enum):
self._get_struct_union_enum_type('enum', node)
elif not decl.name:
raise CDefError("construct does not declare any variable",
decl)
#
if decl.name:
tp, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(node,
partial_length_ok=True)
if tp.is_raw_function:
self._declare_function(tp, quals, decl)
elif (tp.is_integer_type() and
hasattr(decl, 'init') and
hasattr(decl.init, 'value') and
_r_int_literal.match(decl.init.value)):
self._add_integer_constant(decl.name, decl.init.value)
elif (tp.is_integer_type() and
isinstance(decl.init, pycparser.c_ast.UnaryOp) and
decl.init.op == '-' and
hasattr(decl.init.expr, 'value') and
_r_int_literal.match(decl.init.expr.value)):
self._add_integer_constant(decl.name,
'-' + decl.init.expr.value)
elif (tp is model.void_type and
decl.name.startswith('__cffi_extern_python_')):
# hack: `extern "Python"` in the C source is replaced
# with "void __cffi_extern_python_start;" and
# "void __cffi_extern_python_stop;"
self._inside_extern_python = decl.name
else:
if self._inside_extern_python !='__cffi_extern_python_stop':
raise CDefError(
"cannot declare constants or "
"variables with 'extern \"Python\"'")
if (quals & model.Q_CONST) and not tp.is_array_type:
self._declare('constant ' + decl.name, tp, quals=quals)
else:
_warn_for_non_extern_non_static_global_variable(decl)
self._declare('variable ' + decl.name, tp, quals=quals)
def parse_type(self, cdecl):
return self.parse_type_and_quals(cdecl)[0]
def parse_type_and_quals(self, cdecl):
ast, macros = self._parse('void __dummy(\n%s\n);' % cdecl)[:2]
assert not macros
exprnode = ast.ext[-1].type.args.params[0]
if isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.ID):
raise CDefError("unknown identifier '%s'" % (exprnode.name,))
return self._get_type_and_quals(exprnode.type)
def _declare(self, name, obj, included=False, quals=0):
if name in self._declarations:
prevobj, prevquals = self._declarations[name]
if prevobj is obj and prevquals == quals:
return
if not self._options.get('override'):
raise FFIError(
"multiple declarations of %s (for interactive usage, "
"try cdef(xx, override=True))" % (name,))
assert '__dotdotdot__' not in name.split()
self._declarations[name] = (obj, quals)
if included:
self._included_declarations.add(obj)
def _extract_quals(self, type):
quals = 0
if isinstance(type, (pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl,
pycparser.c_ast.PtrDecl)):
if 'const' in type.quals:
quals |= model.Q_CONST
if 'volatile' in type.quals:
quals |= model.Q_VOLATILE
if 'restrict' in type.quals:
quals |= model.Q_RESTRICT
return quals
def _get_type_pointer(self, type, quals, declname=None):
if isinstance(type, model.RawFunctionType):
return type.as_function_pointer()
if (isinstance(type, model.StructOrUnionOrEnum) and
type.name.startswith('$') and type.name[1:].isdigit() and
type.forcename is None and declname is not None):
return model.NamedPointerType(type, declname, quals)
return model.PointerType(type, quals)
def _get_type_and_quals(self, typenode, name=None, partial_length_ok=False):
# first, dereference typedefs, if we have it already parsed, we're good
if (isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl) and
isinstance(typenode.type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
len(typenode.type.names) == 1 and
('typedef ' + typenode.type.names[0]) in self._declarations):
tp, quals = self._declarations['typedef ' + typenode.type.names[0]]
quals |= self._extract_quals(typenode)
return tp, quals
#
if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.ArrayDecl):
# array type
if typenode.dim is None:
length = None
else:
length = self._parse_constant(
typenode.dim, partial_length_ok=partial_length_ok)
tp, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(typenode.type,
partial_length_ok=partial_length_ok)
return model.ArrayType(tp, length), quals
#
if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.PtrDecl):
# pointer type
itemtype, itemquals = self._get_type_and_quals(typenode.type)
tp = self._get_type_pointer(itemtype, itemquals, declname=name)
quals = self._extract_quals(typenode)
return tp, quals
#
if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl):
quals = self._extract_quals(typenode)
type = typenode.type
if isinstance(type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType):
# assume a primitive type. get it from .names, but reduce
# synonyms to a single chosen combination
names = list(type.names)
if names != ['signed', 'char']: # keep this unmodified
prefixes = {}
while names:
name = names[0]
if name in ('short', 'long', 'signed', 'unsigned'):
prefixes[name] = prefixes.get(name, 0) + 1
del names[0]
else:
break
# ignore the 'signed' prefix below, and reorder the others
newnames = []
for prefix in ('unsigned', 'short', 'long'):
for i in range(prefixes.get(prefix, 0)):
newnames.append(prefix)
if not names:
names = ['int'] # implicitly
if names == ['int']: # but kill it if 'short' or 'long'
if 'short' in prefixes or 'long' in prefixes:
names = []
names = newnames + names
ident = ' '.join(names)
if ident == 'void':
return model.void_type, quals
if ident == '__dotdotdot__':
raise FFIError(':%d: bad usage of "..."' %
typenode.coord.line)
tp0, quals0 = resolve_common_type(self, ident)
return tp0, (quals | quals0)
#
if isinstance(type, pycparser.c_ast.Struct):
# 'struct foobar'
tp = self._get_struct_union_enum_type('struct', type, name)
return tp, quals
#
if isinstance(type, pycparser.c_ast.Union):
# 'union foobar'
tp = self._get_struct_union_enum_type('union', type, name)
return tp, quals
#
if isinstance(type, pycparser.c_ast.Enum):
# 'enum foobar'
tp = self._get_struct_union_enum_type('enum', type, name)
return tp, quals
#
if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.FuncDecl):
# a function type
return self._parse_function_type(typenode, name), 0
#
# nested anonymous structs or unions end up here
if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.Struct):
return self._get_struct_union_enum_type('struct', typenode, name,
nested=True), 0
if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.Union):
return self._get_struct_union_enum_type('union', typenode, name,
nested=True), 0
#
raise FFIError(":%d: bad or unsupported type declaration" %
typenode.coord.line)
def _parse_function_type(self, typenode, funcname=None):
params = list(getattr(typenode.args, 'params', []))
for i, arg in enumerate(params):
if not hasattr(arg, 'type'):
raise CDefError("%s arg %d: unknown type '%s'"
" (if you meant to use the old C syntax of giving"
" untyped arguments, it is not supported)"
% (funcname or 'in expression', i + 1,
getattr(arg, 'name', '?')))
ellipsis = (
len(params) > 0 and
isinstance(params[-1].type, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl) and
isinstance(params[-1].type.type,
pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
params[-1].type.type.names == ['__dotdotdot__'])
if ellipsis:
params.pop()
if not params:
raise CDefError(
"%s: a function with only '(...)' as argument"
" is not correct C" % (funcname or 'in expression'))
args = [self._as_func_arg(*self._get_type_and_quals(argdeclnode.type))
for argdeclnode in params]
if not ellipsis and args == [model.void_type]:
args = []
result, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(typenode.type)
# the 'quals' on the result type are ignored. HACK: we absure them
# to detect __stdcall functions: we textually replace "__stdcall"
# with "volatile volatile const" above.
abi = None
if hasattr(typenode.type, 'quals'): # else, probable syntax error anyway
if typenode.type.quals[-3:] == ['volatile', 'volatile', 'const']:
abi = '__stdcall'
return model.RawFunctionType(tuple(args), result, ellipsis, abi)
def _as_func_arg(self, type, quals):
if isinstance(type, model.ArrayType):
return model.PointerType(type.item, quals)
elif isinstance(type, model.RawFunctionType):
return type.as_function_pointer()
else:
return type
def _get_struct_union_enum_type(self, kind, type, name=None, nested=False):
# First, a level of caching on the exact 'type' node of the AST.
# This is obscure, but needed because pycparser "unrolls" declarations
# such as "typedef struct { } foo_t, *foo_p" and we end up with
# an AST that is not a tree, but a DAG, with the "type" node of the
# two branches foo_t and foo_p of the trees being the same node.
# It's a bit silly but detecting "DAG-ness" in the AST tree seems
# to be the only way to distinguish this case from two independent
# structs. See test_struct_with_two_usages.
try:
return self._structnode2type[type]
except KeyError:
pass
#
# Note that this must handle parsing "struct foo" any number of
# times and always return the same StructType object. Additionally,
# one of these times (not necessarily the first), the fields of
# the struct can be specified with "struct foo { ...fields... }".
# If no name is given, then we have to create a new anonymous struct
# with no caching; in this case, the fields are either specified
# right now or never.
#
force_name = name
name = type.name
#
# get the type or create it if needed
if name is None:
# 'force_name' is used to guess a more readable name for
# anonymous structs, for the common case "typedef struct { } foo".
if force_name is not None:
explicit_name = '$%s' % force_name
else:
self._anonymous_counter += 1
explicit_name = '$%d' % self._anonymous_counter
tp = None
else:
explicit_name = name
key = '%s %s' % (kind, name)
tp, _ = self._declarations.get(key, (None, None))
#
if tp is None:
if kind == 'struct':
tp = model.StructType(explicit_name, None, None, None)
elif kind == 'union':
tp = model.UnionType(explicit_name, None, None, None)
elif kind == 'enum':
if explicit_name == '__dotdotdot__':
raise CDefError("Enums cannot be declared with ...")
tp = self._build_enum_type(explicit_name, type.values)
else:
raise AssertionError("kind = %r" % (kind,))
if name is not None:
self._declare(key, tp)
else:
if kind == 'enum' and type.values is not None:
raise NotImplementedError(
"enum %s: the '{}' declaration should appear on the first "
"time the enum is mentioned, not later" % explicit_name)
if not tp.forcename:
tp.force_the_name(force_name)
if tp.forcename and '$' in tp.name:
self._declare('anonymous %s' % tp.forcename, tp)
#
self._structnode2type[type] = tp
#
# enums: done here
if kind == 'enum':
return tp
#
# is there a 'type.decls'? If yes, then this is the place in the
# C sources that declare the fields. If no, then just return the
# existing type, possibly still incomplete.
if type.decls is None:
return tp
#
if tp.fldnames is not None:
raise CDefError("duplicate declaration of struct %s" % name)
fldnames = []
fldtypes = []
fldbitsize = []
fldquals = []
for decl in type.decls:
if (isinstance(decl.type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
''.join(decl.type.names) == '__dotdotdot__'):
# XXX pycparser is inconsistent: 'names' should be a list
# of strings, but is sometimes just one string. Use
# str.join() as a way to cope with both.
self._make_partial(tp, nested)
continue
if decl.bitsize is None:
bitsize = -1
else:
bitsize = self._parse_constant(decl.bitsize)
self._partial_length = False
type, fqual = self._get_type_and_quals(decl.type,
partial_length_ok=True)
if self._partial_length:
self._make_partial(tp, nested)
if isinstance(type, model.StructType) and type.partial:
self._make_partial(tp, nested)
fldnames.append(decl.name or '')
fldtypes.append(type)
fldbitsize.append(bitsize)
fldquals.append(fqual)
tp.fldnames = tuple(fldnames)
tp.fldtypes = tuple(fldtypes)
tp.fldbitsize = tuple(fldbitsize)
tp.fldquals = tuple(fldquals)
if fldbitsize != [-1] * len(fldbitsize):
if isinstance(tp, model.StructType) and tp.partial:
raise NotImplementedError("%s: using both bitfields and '...;'"
% (tp,))
tp.packed = self._options.get('packed')
if tp.completed: # must be re-completed: it is not opaque any more
tp.completed = 0
self._recomplete.append(tp)
return tp
def _make_partial(self, tp, nested):
if not isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
raise CDefError("%s cannot be partial" % (tp,))
if not tp.has_c_name() and not nested:
raise NotImplementedError("%s is partial but has no C name" %(tp,))
tp.partial = True
def _parse_constant(self, exprnode, partial_length_ok=False):
# for now, limited to expressions that are an immediate number
# or positive/negative number
if isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.Constant):
s = exprnode.value
if '0' <= s[0] <= '9':
s = s.rstrip('uUlL')
try:
if s.startswith('0'):
return int(s, 8)
else:
return int(s, 10)
except ValueError:
if len(s) > 1:
if s.lower()[0:2] == '0x':
return int(s, 16)
elif s.lower()[0:2] == '0b':
return int(s, 2)
raise CDefError("invalid constant %r" % (s,))
elif s[0] == "'" and s[-1] == "'" and (
len(s) == 3 or (len(s) == 4 and s[1] == "\\")):
return ord(s[-2])
else:
raise CDefError("invalid constant %r" % (s,))
#
if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.UnaryOp) and
exprnode.op == '+'):
return self._parse_constant(exprnode.expr)
#
if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.UnaryOp) and
exprnode.op == '-'):
return -self._parse_constant(exprnode.expr)
# load previously defined int constant
if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.ID) and
exprnode.name in self._int_constants):
return self._int_constants[exprnode.name]
#
if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.ID) and
exprnode.name == '__dotdotdotarray__'):
if partial_length_ok:
self._partial_length = True
return '...'
raise FFIError(":%d: unsupported '[...]' here, cannot derive "
"the actual array length in this context"
% exprnode.coord.line)
#
if isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.BinaryOp):
left = self._parse_constant(exprnode.left)
right = self._parse_constant(exprnode.right)
if exprnode.op == '+':
return left + right
elif exprnode.op == '-':
return left - right
elif exprnode.op == '*':
return left * right
elif exprnode.op == '/':
return self._c_div(left, right)
elif exprnode.op == '%':
return left - self._c_div(left, right) * right
elif exprnode.op == '<<':
return left << right
elif exprnode.op == '>>':
return left >> right
elif exprnode.op == '&':
return left & right
elif exprnode.op == '|':
return left | right
elif exprnode.op == '^':
return left ^ right
#
raise FFIError(":%d: unsupported expression: expected a "
"simple numeric constant" % exprnode.coord.line)
def _c_div(self, a, b):
result = a // b
if ((a < 0) ^ (b < 0)) and (a % b) != 0:
result += 1
return result
def _build_enum_type(self, explicit_name, decls):
if decls is not None:
partial = False
enumerators = []
enumvalues = []
nextenumvalue = 0
for enum in decls.enumerators:
if _r_enum_dotdotdot.match(enum.name):
partial = True
continue
if enum.value is not None:
nextenumvalue = self._parse_constant(enum.value)
enumerators.append(enum.name)
enumvalues.append(nextenumvalue)
self._add_constants(enum.name, nextenumvalue)
nextenumvalue += 1
enumerators = tuple(enumerators)
enumvalues = tuple(enumvalues)
tp = model.EnumType(explicit_name, enumerators, enumvalues)
tp.partial = partial
else: # opaque enum
tp = model.EnumType(explicit_name, (), ())
return tp
def include(self, other):
for name, (tp, quals) in other._declarations.items():
if name.startswith('anonymous $enum_$'):
continue # fix for test_anonymous_enum_include
kind = name.split(' ', 1)[0]
if kind in ('struct', 'union', 'enum', 'anonymous', 'typedef'):
self._declare(name, tp, included=True, quals=quals)
for k, v in other._int_constants.items():
self._add_constants(k, v)
def _get_unknown_type(self, decl):
typenames = decl.type.type.names
if typenames == ['__dotdotdot__']:
return model.unknown_type(decl.name)
if typenames == ['__dotdotdotint__']:
if self._uses_new_feature is None:
self._uses_new_feature = "'typedef int... %s'" % decl.name
return model.UnknownIntegerType(decl.name)
if typenames == ['__dotdotdotfloat__']:
# note: not for 'long double' so far
if self._uses_new_feature is None:
self._uses_new_feature = "'typedef float... %s'" % decl.name
return model.UnknownFloatType(decl.name)
raise FFIError(':%d: unsupported usage of "..." in typedef'
% decl.coord.line)
def _get_unknown_ptr_type(self, decl):
if decl.type.type.type.names == ['__dotdotdot__']:
return model.unknown_ptr_type(decl.name)
raise FFIError(':%d: unsupported usage of "..." in typedef'
% decl.coord.line)

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@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
class FFIError(Exception):
__module__ = 'cffi'
class CDefError(Exception):
__module__ = 'cffi'
def __str__(self):
try:
current_decl = self.args[1]
filename = current_decl.coord.file
linenum = current_decl.coord.line
prefix = '%s:%d: ' % (filename, linenum)
except (AttributeError, TypeError, IndexError):
prefix = ''
return '%s%s' % (prefix, self.args[0])
class VerificationError(Exception):
""" An error raised when verification fails
"""
__module__ = 'cffi'
class VerificationMissing(Exception):
""" An error raised when incomplete structures are passed into
cdef, but no verification has been done
"""
__module__ = 'cffi'
class PkgConfigError(Exception):
""" An error raised for missing modules in pkg-config
"""
__module__ = 'cffi'

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@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
import sys, os
from .error import VerificationError
LIST_OF_FILE_NAMES = ['sources', 'include_dirs', 'library_dirs',
'extra_objects', 'depends']
def get_extension(srcfilename, modname, sources=(), **kwds):
_hack_at_distutils()
from distutils.core import Extension
allsources = [srcfilename]
for src in sources:
allsources.append(os.path.normpath(src))
return Extension(name=modname, sources=allsources, **kwds)
def compile(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose=0, debug=None):
"""Compile a C extension module using distutils."""
_hack_at_distutils()
saved_environ = os.environ.copy()
try:
outputfilename = _build(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose, debug)
outputfilename = os.path.abspath(outputfilename)
finally:
# workaround for a distutils bugs where some env vars can
# become longer and longer every time it is used
for key, value in saved_environ.items():
if os.environ.get(key) != value:
os.environ[key] = value
return outputfilename
def _build(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose=0, debug=None):
# XXX compact but horrible :-(
from distutils.core import Distribution
import distutils.errors, distutils.log
#
dist = Distribution({'ext_modules': [ext]})
dist.parse_config_files()
options = dist.get_option_dict('build_ext')
if debug is None:
debug = sys.flags.debug
options['debug'] = ('ffiplatform', debug)
options['force'] = ('ffiplatform', True)
options['build_lib'] = ('ffiplatform', tmpdir)
options['build_temp'] = ('ffiplatform', tmpdir)
#
try:
old_level = distutils.log.set_threshold(0) or 0
try:
distutils.log.set_verbosity(compiler_verbose)
dist.run_command('build_ext')
cmd_obj = dist.get_command_obj('build_ext')
[soname] = cmd_obj.get_outputs()
finally:
distutils.log.set_threshold(old_level)
except (distutils.errors.CompileError,
distutils.errors.LinkError) as e:
raise VerificationError('%s: %s' % (e.__class__.__name__, e))
#
return soname
try:
from os.path import samefile
except ImportError:
def samefile(f1, f2):
return os.path.abspath(f1) == os.path.abspath(f2)
def maybe_relative_path(path):
if not os.path.isabs(path):
return path # already relative
dir = path
names = []
while True:
prevdir = dir
dir, name = os.path.split(prevdir)
if dir == prevdir or not dir:
return path # failed to make it relative
names.append(name)
try:
if samefile(dir, os.curdir):
names.reverse()
return os.path.join(*names)
except OSError:
pass
# ____________________________________________________________
try:
int_or_long = (int, long)
import cStringIO
except NameError:
int_or_long = int # Python 3
import io as cStringIO
def _flatten(x, f):
if isinstance(x, str):
f.write('%ds%s' % (len(x), x))
elif isinstance(x, dict):
keys = sorted(x.keys())
f.write('%dd' % len(keys))
for key in keys:
_flatten(key, f)
_flatten(x[key], f)
elif isinstance(x, (list, tuple)):
f.write('%dl' % len(x))
for value in x:
_flatten(value, f)
elif isinstance(x, int_or_long):
f.write('%di' % (x,))
else:
raise TypeError(
"the keywords to verify() contains unsupported object %r" % (x,))
def flatten(x):
f = cStringIO.StringIO()
_flatten(x, f)
return f.getvalue()
def _hack_at_distutils():
# Windows-only workaround for some configurations: see
# https://bugs.python.org/issue23246 (Python 2.7 with
# a specific MS compiler suite download)
if sys.platform == "win32":
try:
import setuptools # for side-effects, patches distutils
except ImportError:
pass

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@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
import sys
if sys.version_info < (3,):
try:
from thread import allocate_lock
except ImportError:
from dummy_thread import allocate_lock
else:
try:
from _thread import allocate_lock
except ImportError:
from _dummy_thread import allocate_lock
##import sys
##l1 = allocate_lock
##class allocate_lock(object):
## def __init__(self):
## self._real = l1()
## def __enter__(self):
## for i in range(4, 0, -1):
## print sys._getframe(i).f_code
## print
## return self._real.__enter__()
## def __exit__(self, *args):
## return self._real.__exit__(*args)
## def acquire(self, f):
## assert f is False
## return self._real.acquire(f)

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@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
import types
import weakref
from .lock import allocate_lock
from .error import CDefError, VerificationError, VerificationMissing
# type qualifiers
Q_CONST = 0x01
Q_RESTRICT = 0x02
Q_VOLATILE = 0x04
def qualify(quals, replace_with):
if quals & Q_CONST:
replace_with = ' const ' + replace_with.lstrip()
if quals & Q_VOLATILE:
replace_with = ' volatile ' + replace_with.lstrip()
if quals & Q_RESTRICT:
# It seems that __restrict is supported by gcc and msvc.
# If you hit some different compiler, add a #define in
# _cffi_include.h for it (and in its copies, documented there)
replace_with = ' __restrict ' + replace_with.lstrip()
return replace_with
class BaseTypeByIdentity(object):
is_array_type = False
is_raw_function = False
def get_c_name(self, replace_with='', context='a C file', quals=0):
result = self.c_name_with_marker
assert result.count('&') == 1
# some logic duplication with ffi.getctype()... :-(
replace_with = replace_with.strip()
if replace_with:
if replace_with.startswith('*') and '&[' in result:
replace_with = '(%s)' % replace_with
elif not replace_with[0] in '[(':
replace_with = ' ' + replace_with
replace_with = qualify(quals, replace_with)
result = result.replace('&', replace_with)
if '$' in result:
raise VerificationError(
"cannot generate '%s' in %s: unknown type name"
% (self._get_c_name(), context))
return result
def _get_c_name(self):
return self.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', '')
def has_c_name(self):
return '$' not in self._get_c_name()
def is_integer_type(self):
return False
def get_cached_btype(self, ffi, finishlist, can_delay=False):
try:
BType = ffi._cached_btypes[self]
except KeyError:
BType = self.build_backend_type(ffi, finishlist)
BType2 = ffi._cached_btypes.setdefault(self, BType)
assert BType2 is BType
return BType
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s>' % (self._get_c_name(),)
def _get_items(self):
return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in self._attrs_]
class BaseType(BaseTypeByIdentity):
def __eq__(self, other):
return (self.__class__ == other.__class__ and
self._get_items() == other._get_items())
def __ne__(self, other):
return not self == other
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.__class__, tuple(self._get_items())))
class VoidType(BaseType):
_attrs_ = ()
def __init__(self):
self.c_name_with_marker = 'void&'
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_void_type')
void_type = VoidType()
class BasePrimitiveType(BaseType):
def is_complex_type(self):
return False
class PrimitiveType(BasePrimitiveType):
_attrs_ = ('name',)
ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES = {
'char': 'c',
'short': 'i',
'int': 'i',
'long': 'i',
'long long': 'i',
'signed char': 'i',
'unsigned char': 'i',
'unsigned short': 'i',
'unsigned int': 'i',
'unsigned long': 'i',
'unsigned long long': 'i',
'float': 'f',
'double': 'f',
'long double': 'f',
'float _Complex': 'j',
'double _Complex': 'j',
'_Bool': 'i',
# the following types are not primitive in the C sense
'wchar_t': 'c',
'char16_t': 'c',
'char32_t': 'c',
'int8_t': 'i',
'uint8_t': 'i',
'int16_t': 'i',
'uint16_t': 'i',
'int32_t': 'i',
'uint32_t': 'i',
'int64_t': 'i',
'uint64_t': 'i',
'int_least8_t': 'i',
'uint_least8_t': 'i',
'int_least16_t': 'i',
'uint_least16_t': 'i',
'int_least32_t': 'i',
'uint_least32_t': 'i',
'int_least64_t': 'i',
'uint_least64_t': 'i',
'int_fast8_t': 'i',
'uint_fast8_t': 'i',
'int_fast16_t': 'i',
'uint_fast16_t': 'i',
'int_fast32_t': 'i',
'uint_fast32_t': 'i',
'int_fast64_t': 'i',
'uint_fast64_t': 'i',
'intptr_t': 'i',
'uintptr_t': 'i',
'intmax_t': 'i',
'uintmax_t': 'i',
'ptrdiff_t': 'i',
'size_t': 'i',
'ssize_t': 'i',
}
def __init__(self, name):
assert name in self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES
self.name = name
self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
def is_char_type(self):
return self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[self.name] == 'c'
def is_integer_type(self):
return self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[self.name] == 'i'
def is_float_type(self):
return self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[self.name] == 'f'
def is_complex_type(self):
return self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[self.name] == 'j'
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_primitive_type', self.name)
class UnknownIntegerType(BasePrimitiveType):
_attrs_ = ('name',)
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
def is_integer_type(self):
return True
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
raise NotImplementedError("integer type '%s' can only be used after "
"compilation" % self.name)
class UnknownFloatType(BasePrimitiveType):
_attrs_ = ('name', )
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
raise NotImplementedError("float type '%s' can only be used after "
"compilation" % self.name)
class BaseFunctionType(BaseType):
_attrs_ = ('args', 'result', 'ellipsis', 'abi')
def __init__(self, args, result, ellipsis, abi=None):
self.args = args
self.result = result
self.ellipsis = ellipsis
self.abi = abi
#
reprargs = [arg._get_c_name() for arg in self.args]
if self.ellipsis:
reprargs.append('...')
reprargs = reprargs or ['void']
replace_with = self._base_pattern % (', '.join(reprargs),)
if abi is not None:
replace_with = replace_with[:1] + abi + ' ' + replace_with[1:]
self.c_name_with_marker = (
self.result.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', replace_with))
class RawFunctionType(BaseFunctionType):
# Corresponds to a C type like 'int(int)', which is the C type of
# a function, but not a pointer-to-function. The backend has no
# notion of such a type; it's used temporarily by parsing.
_base_pattern = '(&)(%s)'
is_raw_function = True
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
raise CDefError("cannot render the type %r: it is a function "
"type, not a pointer-to-function type" % (self,))
def as_function_pointer(self):
return FunctionPtrType(self.args, self.result, self.ellipsis, self.abi)
class FunctionPtrType(BaseFunctionType):
_base_pattern = '(*&)(%s)'
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
result = self.result.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
args = []
for tp in self.args:
args.append(tp.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist))
abi_args = ()
if self.abi == "__stdcall":
if not self.ellipsis: # __stdcall ignored for variadic funcs
try:
abi_args = (ffi._backend.FFI_STDCALL,)
except AttributeError:
pass
return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_function_type',
tuple(args), result, self.ellipsis, *abi_args)
def as_raw_function(self):
return RawFunctionType(self.args, self.result, self.ellipsis, self.abi)
class PointerType(BaseType):
_attrs_ = ('totype', 'quals')
def __init__(self, totype, quals=0):
self.totype = totype
self.quals = quals
extra = qualify(quals, " *&")
if totype.is_array_type:
extra = "(%s)" % (extra.lstrip(),)
self.c_name_with_marker = totype.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', extra)
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
BItem = self.totype.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist, can_delay=True)
return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_pointer_type', BItem)
voidp_type = PointerType(void_type)
def ConstPointerType(totype):
return PointerType(totype, Q_CONST)
const_voidp_type = ConstPointerType(void_type)
class NamedPointerType(PointerType):
_attrs_ = ('totype', 'name')
def __init__(self, totype, name, quals=0):
PointerType.__init__(self, totype, quals)
self.name = name
self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
class ArrayType(BaseType):
_attrs_ = ('item', 'length')
is_array_type = True
def __init__(self, item, length):
self.item = item
self.length = length
#
if length is None:
brackets = '&[]'
elif length == '...':
brackets = '&[/*...*/]'
else:
brackets = '&[%s]' % length
self.c_name_with_marker = (
self.item.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', brackets))
def resolve_length(self, newlength):
return ArrayType(self.item, newlength)
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
if self.length == '...':
raise CDefError("cannot render the type %r: unknown length" %
(self,))
self.item.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist) # force the item BType
BPtrItem = PointerType(self.item).get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_array_type', BPtrItem, self.length)
char_array_type = ArrayType(PrimitiveType('char'), None)
class StructOrUnionOrEnum(BaseTypeByIdentity):
_attrs_ = ('name',)
forcename = None
def build_c_name_with_marker(self):
name = self.forcename or '%s %s' % (self.kind, self.name)
self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
def force_the_name(self, forcename):
self.forcename = forcename
self.build_c_name_with_marker()
def get_official_name(self):
assert self.c_name_with_marker.endswith('&')
return self.c_name_with_marker[:-1]
class StructOrUnion(StructOrUnionOrEnum):
fixedlayout = None
completed = 0
partial = False
packed = 0
def __init__(self, name, fldnames, fldtypes, fldbitsize, fldquals=None):
self.name = name
self.fldnames = fldnames
self.fldtypes = fldtypes
self.fldbitsize = fldbitsize
self.fldquals = fldquals
self.build_c_name_with_marker()
def anonymous_struct_fields(self):
if self.fldtypes is not None:
for name, type in zip(self.fldnames, self.fldtypes):
if name == '' and isinstance(type, StructOrUnion):
yield type
def enumfields(self, expand_anonymous_struct_union=True):
fldquals = self.fldquals
if fldquals is None:
fldquals = (0,) * len(self.fldnames)
for name, type, bitsize, quals in zip(self.fldnames, self.fldtypes,
self.fldbitsize, fldquals):
if (name == '' and isinstance(type, StructOrUnion)
and expand_anonymous_struct_union):
# nested anonymous struct/union
for result in type.enumfields():
yield result
else:
yield (name, type, bitsize, quals)
def force_flatten(self):
# force the struct or union to have a declaration that lists
# directly all fields returned by enumfields(), flattening
# nested anonymous structs/unions.
names = []
types = []
bitsizes = []
fldquals = []
for name, type, bitsize, quals in self.enumfields():
names.append(name)
types.append(type)
bitsizes.append(bitsize)
fldquals.append(quals)
self.fldnames = tuple(names)
self.fldtypes = tuple(types)
self.fldbitsize = tuple(bitsizes)
self.fldquals = tuple(fldquals)
def get_cached_btype(self, ffi, finishlist, can_delay=False):
BType = StructOrUnionOrEnum.get_cached_btype(self, ffi, finishlist,
can_delay)
if not can_delay:
self.finish_backend_type(ffi, finishlist)
return BType
def finish_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
if self.completed:
if self.completed != 2:
raise NotImplementedError("recursive structure declaration "
"for '%s'" % (self.name,))
return
BType = ffi._cached_btypes[self]
#
self.completed = 1
#
if self.fldtypes is None:
pass # not completing it: it's an opaque struct
#
elif self.fixedlayout is None:
fldtypes = [tp.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
for tp in self.fldtypes]
lst = list(zip(self.fldnames, fldtypes, self.fldbitsize))
extra_flags = ()
if self.packed:
if self.packed == 1:
extra_flags = (8,) # SF_PACKED
else:
extra_flags = (0, self.packed)
ffi._backend.complete_struct_or_union(BType, lst, self,
-1, -1, *extra_flags)
#
else:
fldtypes = []
fieldofs, fieldsize, totalsize, totalalignment = self.fixedlayout
for i in range(len(self.fldnames)):
fsize = fieldsize[i]
ftype = self.fldtypes[i]
#
if isinstance(ftype, ArrayType) and ftype.length == '...':
# fix the length to match the total size
BItemType = ftype.item.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
nlen, nrest = divmod(fsize, ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
if nrest != 0:
self._verification_error(
"field '%s.%s' has a bogus size?" % (
self.name, self.fldnames[i] or '{}'))
ftype = ftype.resolve_length(nlen)
self.fldtypes = (self.fldtypes[:i] + (ftype,) +
self.fldtypes[i+1:])
#
BFieldType = ftype.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
if isinstance(ftype, ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
assert fsize == 0
else:
bitemsize = ffi.sizeof(BFieldType)
if bitemsize != fsize:
self._verification_error(
"field '%s.%s' is declared as %d bytes, but is "
"really %d bytes" % (self.name,
self.fldnames[i] or '{}',
bitemsize, fsize))
fldtypes.append(BFieldType)
#
lst = list(zip(self.fldnames, fldtypes, self.fldbitsize, fieldofs))
ffi._backend.complete_struct_or_union(BType, lst, self,
totalsize, totalalignment)
self.completed = 2
def _verification_error(self, msg):
raise VerificationError(msg)
def check_not_partial(self):
if self.partial and self.fixedlayout is None:
raise VerificationMissing(self._get_c_name())
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
self.check_not_partial()
finishlist.append(self)
#
return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_%s_type' % self.kind,
self.get_official_name(), key=self)
class StructType(StructOrUnion):
kind = 'struct'
class UnionType(StructOrUnion):
kind = 'union'
class EnumType(StructOrUnionOrEnum):
kind = 'enum'
partial = False
partial_resolved = False
def __init__(self, name, enumerators, enumvalues, baseinttype=None):
self.name = name
self.enumerators = enumerators
self.enumvalues = enumvalues
self.baseinttype = baseinttype
self.build_c_name_with_marker()
def force_the_name(self, forcename):
StructOrUnionOrEnum.force_the_name(self, forcename)
if self.forcename is None:
name = self.get_official_name()
self.forcename = '$' + name.replace(' ', '_')
def check_not_partial(self):
if self.partial and not self.partial_resolved:
raise VerificationMissing(self._get_c_name())
def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
self.check_not_partial()
base_btype = self.build_baseinttype(ffi, finishlist)
return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_enum_type',
self.get_official_name(),
self.enumerators, self.enumvalues,
base_btype, key=self)
def build_baseinttype(self, ffi, finishlist):
if self.baseinttype is not None:
return self.baseinttype.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
#
if self.enumvalues:
smallest_value = min(self.enumvalues)
largest_value = max(self.enumvalues)
else:
import warnings
try:
# XXX! The goal is to ensure that the warnings.warn()
# will not suppress the warning. We want to get it
# several times if we reach this point several times.
__warningregistry__.clear()
except NameError:
pass
warnings.warn("%r has no values explicitly defined; "
"guessing that it is equivalent to 'unsigned int'"
% self._get_c_name())
smallest_value = largest_value = 0
if smallest_value < 0: # needs a signed type
sign = 1
candidate1 = PrimitiveType("int")
candidate2 = PrimitiveType("long")
else:
sign = 0
candidate1 = PrimitiveType("unsigned int")
candidate2 = PrimitiveType("unsigned long")
btype1 = candidate1.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
btype2 = candidate2.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
size1 = ffi.sizeof(btype1)
size2 = ffi.sizeof(btype2)
if (smallest_value >= ((-1) << (8*size1-1)) and
largest_value < (1 << (8*size1-sign))):
return btype1
if (smallest_value >= ((-1) << (8*size2-1)) and
largest_value < (1 << (8*size2-sign))):
return btype2
raise CDefError("%s values don't all fit into either 'long' "
"or 'unsigned long'" % self._get_c_name())
def unknown_type(name, structname=None):
if structname is None:
structname = '$%s' % name
tp = StructType(structname, None, None, None)
tp.force_the_name(name)
tp.origin = "unknown_type"
return tp
def unknown_ptr_type(name, structname=None):
if structname is None:
structname = '$$%s' % name
tp = StructType(structname, None, None, None)
return NamedPointerType(tp, name)
global_lock = allocate_lock()
_typecache_cffi_backend = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
def get_typecache(backend):
# returns _typecache_cffi_backend if backend is the _cffi_backend
# module, or type(backend).__typecache if backend is an instance of
# CTypesBackend (or some FakeBackend class during tests)
if isinstance(backend, types.ModuleType):
return _typecache_cffi_backend
with global_lock:
if not hasattr(type(backend), '__typecache'):
type(backend).__typecache = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
return type(backend).__typecache
def global_cache(srctype, ffi, funcname, *args, **kwds):
key = kwds.pop('key', (funcname, args))
assert not kwds
try:
return ffi._typecache[key]
except KeyError:
pass
try:
res = getattr(ffi._backend, funcname)(*args)
except NotImplementedError as e:
raise NotImplementedError("%s: %r: %s" % (funcname, srctype, e))
# note that setdefault() on WeakValueDictionary is not atomic
# and contains a rare bug (http://bugs.python.org/issue19542);
# we have to use a lock and do it ourselves
cache = ffi._typecache
with global_lock:
res1 = cache.get(key)
if res1 is None:
cache[key] = res
return res
else:
return res1
def pointer_cache(ffi, BType):
return global_cache('?', ffi, 'new_pointer_type', BType)
def attach_exception_info(e, name):
if e.args and type(e.args[0]) is str:
e.args = ('%s: %s' % (name, e.args[0]),) + e.args[1:]

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/* This part is from file 'cffi/parse_c_type.h'. It is copied at the
beginning of C sources generated by CFFI's ffi.set_source(). */
typedef void *_cffi_opcode_t;
#define _CFFI_OP(opcode, arg) (_cffi_opcode_t)(opcode | (((uintptr_t)(arg)) << 8))
#define _CFFI_GETOP(cffi_opcode) ((unsigned char)(uintptr_t)cffi_opcode)
#define _CFFI_GETARG(cffi_opcode) (((intptr_t)cffi_opcode) >> 8)
#define _CFFI_OP_PRIMITIVE 1
#define _CFFI_OP_POINTER 3
#define _CFFI_OP_ARRAY 5
#define _CFFI_OP_OPEN_ARRAY 7
#define _CFFI_OP_STRUCT_UNION 9
#define _CFFI_OP_ENUM 11
#define _CFFI_OP_FUNCTION 13
#define _CFFI_OP_FUNCTION_END 15
#define _CFFI_OP_NOOP 17
#define _CFFI_OP_BITFIELD 19
#define _CFFI_OP_TYPENAME 21
#define _CFFI_OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_V 23 // varargs
#define _CFFI_OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_N 25 // noargs
#define _CFFI_OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_O 27 // O (i.e. a single arg)
#define _CFFI_OP_CONSTANT 29
#define _CFFI_OP_CONSTANT_INT 31
#define _CFFI_OP_GLOBAL_VAR 33
#define _CFFI_OP_DLOPEN_FUNC 35
#define _CFFI_OP_DLOPEN_CONST 37
#define _CFFI_OP_GLOBAL_VAR_F 39
#define _CFFI_OP_EXTERN_PYTHON 41
#define _CFFI_PRIM_VOID 0
#define _CFFI_PRIM_BOOL 1
#define _CFFI_PRIM_CHAR 2
#define _CFFI_PRIM_SCHAR 3
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UCHAR 4
#define _CFFI_PRIM_SHORT 5
#define _CFFI_PRIM_USHORT 6
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT 7
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT 8
#define _CFFI_PRIM_LONG 9
#define _CFFI_PRIM_ULONG 10
#define _CFFI_PRIM_LONGLONG 11
#define _CFFI_PRIM_ULONGLONG 12
#define _CFFI_PRIM_FLOAT 13
#define _CFFI_PRIM_DOUBLE 14
#define _CFFI_PRIM_LONGDOUBLE 15
#define _CFFI_PRIM_WCHAR 16
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT8 17
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT8 18
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT16 19
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT16 20
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT32 21
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT32 22
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT64 23
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT64 24
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INTPTR 25
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINTPTR 26
#define _CFFI_PRIM_PTRDIFF 27
#define _CFFI_PRIM_SIZE 28
#define _CFFI_PRIM_SSIZE 29
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_LEAST8 30
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_LEAST8 31
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_LEAST16 32
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_LEAST16 33
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_LEAST32 34
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_LEAST32 35
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_LEAST64 36
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_LEAST64 37
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_FAST8 38
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_FAST8 39
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_FAST16 40
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_FAST16 41
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_FAST32 42
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_FAST32 43
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_FAST64 44
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_FAST64 45
#define _CFFI_PRIM_INTMAX 46
#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINTMAX 47
#define _CFFI_PRIM_FLOATCOMPLEX 48
#define _CFFI_PRIM_DOUBLECOMPLEX 49
#define _CFFI_PRIM_CHAR16 50
#define _CFFI_PRIM_CHAR32 51
#define _CFFI__NUM_PRIM 52
#define _CFFI__UNKNOWN_PRIM (-1)
#define _CFFI__UNKNOWN_FLOAT_PRIM (-2)
#define _CFFI__UNKNOWN_LONG_DOUBLE (-3)
#define _CFFI__IO_FILE_STRUCT (-1)
struct _cffi_global_s {
const char *name;
void *address;
_cffi_opcode_t type_op;
void *size_or_direct_fn; // OP_GLOBAL_VAR: size, or 0 if unknown
// OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_*: addr of direct function
};
struct _cffi_getconst_s {
unsigned long long value;
const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx;
int gindex;
};
struct _cffi_struct_union_s {
const char *name;
int type_index; // -> _cffi_types, on a OP_STRUCT_UNION
int flags; // _CFFI_F_* flags below
size_t size;
int alignment;
int first_field_index; // -> _cffi_fields array
int num_fields;
};
#define _CFFI_F_UNION 0x01 // is a union, not a struct
#define _CFFI_F_CHECK_FIELDS 0x02 // complain if fields are not in the
// "standard layout" or if some are missing
#define _CFFI_F_PACKED 0x04 // for CHECK_FIELDS, assume a packed struct
#define _CFFI_F_EXTERNAL 0x08 // in some other ffi.include()
#define _CFFI_F_OPAQUE 0x10 // opaque
struct _cffi_field_s {
const char *name;
size_t field_offset;
size_t field_size;
_cffi_opcode_t field_type_op;
};
struct _cffi_enum_s {
const char *name;
int type_index; // -> _cffi_types, on a OP_ENUM
int type_prim; // _CFFI_PRIM_xxx
const char *enumerators; // comma-delimited string
};
struct _cffi_typename_s {
const char *name;
int type_index; /* if opaque, points to a possibly artificial
OP_STRUCT which is itself opaque */
};
struct _cffi_type_context_s {
_cffi_opcode_t *types;
const struct _cffi_global_s *globals;
const struct _cffi_field_s *fields;
const struct _cffi_struct_union_s *struct_unions;
const struct _cffi_enum_s *enums;
const struct _cffi_typename_s *typenames;
int num_globals;
int num_struct_unions;
int num_enums;
int num_typenames;
const char *const *includes;
int num_types;
int flags; /* future extension */
};
struct _cffi_parse_info_s {
const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx;
_cffi_opcode_t *output;
unsigned int output_size;
size_t error_location;
const char *error_message;
};
struct _cffi_externpy_s {
const char *name;
size_t size_of_result;
void *reserved1, *reserved2;
};
#ifdef _CFFI_INTERNAL
static int parse_c_type(struct _cffi_parse_info_s *info, const char *input);
static int search_in_globals(const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx,
const char *search, size_t search_len);
static int search_in_struct_unions(const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx,
const char *search, size_t search_len);
#endif

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# pkg-config, https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/ integration for cffi
import sys, os, subprocess
from .error import PkgConfigError
def merge_flags(cfg1, cfg2):
"""Merge values from cffi config flags cfg2 to cf1
Example:
merge_flags({"libraries": ["one"]}, {"libraries": ["two"]})
{"libraries": ["one", "two"]}
"""
for key, value in cfg2.items():
if key not in cfg1:
cfg1[key] = value
else:
if not isinstance(cfg1[key], list):
raise TypeError("cfg1[%r] should be a list of strings" % (key,))
if not isinstance(value, list):
raise TypeError("cfg2[%r] should be a list of strings" % (key,))
cfg1[key].extend(value)
return cfg1
def call(libname, flag, encoding=sys.getfilesystemencoding()):
"""Calls pkg-config and returns the output if found
"""
a = ["pkg-config", "--print-errors"]
a.append(flag)
a.append(libname)
try:
pc = subprocess.Popen(a, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
except EnvironmentError as e:
raise PkgConfigError("cannot run pkg-config: %s" % (str(e).strip(),))
bout, berr = pc.communicate()
if pc.returncode != 0:
try:
berr = berr.decode(encoding)
except Exception:
pass
raise PkgConfigError(berr.strip())
if sys.version_info >= (3,) and not isinstance(bout, str): # Python 3.x
try:
bout = bout.decode(encoding)
except UnicodeDecodeError:
raise PkgConfigError("pkg-config %s %s returned bytes that cannot "
"be decoded with encoding %r:\n%r" %
(flag, libname, encoding, bout))
if os.altsep != '\\' and '\\' in bout:
raise PkgConfigError("pkg-config %s %s returned an unsupported "
"backslash-escaped output:\n%r" %
(flag, libname, bout))
return bout
def flags_from_pkgconfig(libs):
r"""Return compiler line flags for FFI.set_source based on pkg-config output
Usage
...
ffibuilder.set_source("_foo", pkgconfig = ["libfoo", "libbar >= 1.8.3"])
If pkg-config is installed on build machine, then arguments include_dirs,
library_dirs, libraries, define_macros, extra_compile_args and
extra_link_args are extended with an output of pkg-config for libfoo and
libbar.
Raises PkgConfigError in case the pkg-config call fails.
"""
def get_include_dirs(string):
return [x[2:] for x in string.split() if x.startswith("-I")]
def get_library_dirs(string):
return [x[2:] for x in string.split() if x.startswith("-L")]
def get_libraries(string):
return [x[2:] for x in string.split() if x.startswith("-l")]
# convert -Dfoo=bar to list of tuples [("foo", "bar")] expected by distutils
def get_macros(string):
def _macro(x):
x = x[2:] # drop "-D"
if '=' in x:
return tuple(x.split("=", 1)) # "-Dfoo=bar" => ("foo", "bar")
else:
return (x, None) # "-Dfoo" => ("foo", None)
return [_macro(x) for x in string.split() if x.startswith("-D")]
def get_other_cflags(string):
return [x for x in string.split() if not x.startswith("-I") and
not x.startswith("-D")]
def get_other_libs(string):
return [x for x in string.split() if not x.startswith("-L") and
not x.startswith("-l")]
# return kwargs for given libname
def kwargs(libname):
fse = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
all_cflags = call(libname, "--cflags")
all_libs = call(libname, "--libs")
return {
"include_dirs": get_include_dirs(all_cflags),
"library_dirs": get_library_dirs(all_libs),
"libraries": get_libraries(all_libs),
"define_macros": get_macros(all_cflags),
"extra_compile_args": get_other_cflags(all_cflags),
"extra_link_args": get_other_libs(all_libs),
}
# merge all arguments together
ret = {}
for libname in libs:
lib_flags = kwargs(libname)
merge_flags(ret, lib_flags)
return ret

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import os
import sys
try:
basestring
except NameError:
# Python 3.x
basestring = str
def error(msg):
from distutils.errors import DistutilsSetupError
raise DistutilsSetupError(msg)
def execfile(filename, glob):
# We use execfile() (here rewritten for Python 3) instead of
# __import__() to load the build script. The problem with
# a normal import is that in some packages, the intermediate
# __init__.py files may already try to import the file that
# we are generating.
with open(filename) as f:
src = f.read()
src += '\n' # Python 2.6 compatibility
code = compile(src, filename, 'exec')
exec(code, glob, glob)
def add_cffi_module(dist, mod_spec):
from cffi.api import FFI
if not isinstance(mod_spec, basestring):
error("argument to 'cffi_modules=...' must be a str or a list of str,"
" not %r" % (type(mod_spec).__name__,))
mod_spec = str(mod_spec)
try:
build_file_name, ffi_var_name = mod_spec.split(':')
except ValueError:
error("%r must be of the form 'path/build.py:ffi_variable'" %
(mod_spec,))
if not os.path.exists(build_file_name):
ext = ''
rewritten = build_file_name.replace('.', '/') + '.py'
if os.path.exists(rewritten):
ext = ' (rewrite cffi_modules to [%r])' % (
rewritten + ':' + ffi_var_name,)
error("%r does not name an existing file%s" % (build_file_name, ext))
mod_vars = {'__name__': '__cffi__', '__file__': build_file_name}
execfile(build_file_name, mod_vars)
try:
ffi = mod_vars[ffi_var_name]
except KeyError:
error("%r: object %r not found in module" % (mod_spec,
ffi_var_name))
if not isinstance(ffi, FFI):
ffi = ffi() # maybe it's a function instead of directly an ffi
if not isinstance(ffi, FFI):
error("%r is not an FFI instance (got %r)" % (mod_spec,
type(ffi).__name__))
if not hasattr(ffi, '_assigned_source'):
error("%r: the set_source() method was not called" % (mod_spec,))
module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = ffi._assigned_source
if ffi._windows_unicode:
kwds = kwds.copy()
ffi._apply_windows_unicode(kwds)
if source is None:
_add_py_module(dist, ffi, module_name)
else:
_add_c_module(dist, ffi, module_name, source, source_extension, kwds)
def _set_py_limited_api(Extension, kwds):
"""
Add py_limited_api to kwds if setuptools >= 26 is in use.
Do not alter the setting if it already exists.
Setuptools takes care of ignoring the flag on Python 2 and PyPy.
CPython itself should ignore the flag in a debugging version
(by not listing .abi3.so in the extensions it supports), but
it doesn't so far, creating troubles. That's why we check
for "not hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')" (the 2.7 compatible equivalent
of 'd' not in sys.abiflags). (http://bugs.python.org/issue28401)
On Windows, with CPython <= 3.4, it's better not to use py_limited_api
because virtualenv *still* doesn't copy PYTHON3.DLL on these versions.
For now we'll skip py_limited_api on all Windows versions to avoid an
inconsistent mess.
"""
if ('py_limited_api' not in kwds and not hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')
and sys.platform != 'win32'):
import setuptools
try:
setuptools_major_version = int(setuptools.__version__.partition('.')[0])
if setuptools_major_version >= 26:
kwds['py_limited_api'] = True
except ValueError: # certain development versions of setuptools
# If we don't know the version number of setuptools, we
# try to set 'py_limited_api' anyway. At worst, we get a
# warning.
kwds['py_limited_api'] = True
return kwds
def _add_c_module(dist, ffi, module_name, source, source_extension, kwds):
from distutils.core import Extension
# We are a setuptools extension. Need this build_ext for py_limited_api.
from setuptools.command.build_ext import build_ext
from distutils.dir_util import mkpath
from distutils import log
from cffi import recompiler
allsources = ['$PLACEHOLDER']
allsources.extend(kwds.pop('sources', []))
kwds = _set_py_limited_api(Extension, kwds)
ext = Extension(name=module_name, sources=allsources, **kwds)
def make_mod(tmpdir, pre_run=None):
c_file = os.path.join(tmpdir, module_name + source_extension)
log.info("generating cffi module %r" % c_file)
mkpath(tmpdir)
# a setuptools-only, API-only hook: called with the "ext" and "ffi"
# arguments just before we turn the ffi into C code. To use it,
# subclass the 'distutils.command.build_ext.build_ext' class and
# add a method 'def pre_run(self, ext, ffi)'.
if pre_run is not None:
pre_run(ext, ffi)
updated = recompiler.make_c_source(ffi, module_name, source, c_file)
if not updated:
log.info("already up-to-date")
return c_file
if dist.ext_modules is None:
dist.ext_modules = []
dist.ext_modules.append(ext)
base_class = dist.cmdclass.get('build_ext', build_ext)
class build_ext_make_mod(base_class):
def run(self):
if ext.sources[0] == '$PLACEHOLDER':
pre_run = getattr(self, 'pre_run', None)
ext.sources[0] = make_mod(self.build_temp, pre_run)
base_class.run(self)
dist.cmdclass['build_ext'] = build_ext_make_mod
# NB. multiple runs here will create multiple 'build_ext_make_mod'
# classes. Even in this case the 'build_ext' command should be
# run once; but just in case, the logic above does nothing if
# called again.
def _add_py_module(dist, ffi, module_name):
from distutils.dir_util import mkpath
from setuptools.command.build_py import build_py
from setuptools.command.build_ext import build_ext
from distutils import log
from cffi import recompiler
def generate_mod(py_file):
log.info("generating cffi module %r" % py_file)
mkpath(os.path.dirname(py_file))
updated = recompiler.make_py_source(ffi, module_name, py_file)
if not updated:
log.info("already up-to-date")
base_class = dist.cmdclass.get('build_py', build_py)
class build_py_make_mod(base_class):
def run(self):
base_class.run(self)
module_path = module_name.split('.')
module_path[-1] += '.py'
generate_mod(os.path.join(self.build_lib, *module_path))
def get_source_files(self):
# This is called from 'setup.py sdist' only. Exclude
# the generate .py module in this case.
saved_py_modules = self.py_modules
try:
if saved_py_modules:
self.py_modules = [m for m in saved_py_modules
if m != module_name]
return base_class.get_source_files(self)
finally:
self.py_modules = saved_py_modules
dist.cmdclass['build_py'] = build_py_make_mod
# distutils and setuptools have no notion I could find of a
# generated python module. If we don't add module_name to
# dist.py_modules, then things mostly work but there are some
# combination of options (--root and --record) that will miss
# the module. So we add it here, which gives a few apparently
# harmless warnings about not finding the file outside the
# build directory.
# Then we need to hack more in get_source_files(); see above.
if dist.py_modules is None:
dist.py_modules = []
dist.py_modules.append(module_name)
# the following is only for "build_ext -i"
base_class_2 = dist.cmdclass.get('build_ext', build_ext)
class build_ext_make_mod(base_class_2):
def run(self):
base_class_2.run(self)
if self.inplace:
# from get_ext_fullpath() in distutils/command/build_ext.py
module_path = module_name.split('.')
package = '.'.join(module_path[:-1])
build_py = self.get_finalized_command('build_py')
package_dir = build_py.get_package_dir(package)
file_name = module_path[-1] + '.py'
generate_mod(os.path.join(package_dir, file_name))
dist.cmdclass['build_ext'] = build_ext_make_mod
def cffi_modules(dist, attr, value):
assert attr == 'cffi_modules'
if isinstance(value, basestring):
value = [value]
for cffi_module in value:
add_cffi_module(dist, cffi_module)

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#
# DEPRECATED: implementation for ffi.verify()
#
import sys, os
import types
from . import model
from .error import VerificationError
class VGenericEngine(object):
_class_key = 'g'
_gen_python_module = False
def __init__(self, verifier):
self.verifier = verifier
self.ffi = verifier.ffi
self.export_symbols = []
self._struct_pending_verification = {}
def patch_extension_kwds(self, kwds):
# add 'export_symbols' to the dictionary. Note that we add the
# list before filling it. When we fill it, it will thus also show
# up in kwds['export_symbols'].
kwds.setdefault('export_symbols', self.export_symbols)
def find_module(self, module_name, path, so_suffixes):
for so_suffix in so_suffixes:
basename = module_name + so_suffix
if path is None:
path = sys.path
for dirname in path:
filename = os.path.join(dirname, basename)
if os.path.isfile(filename):
return filename
def collect_types(self):
pass # not needed in the generic engine
def _prnt(self, what=''):
self._f.write(what + '\n')
def write_source_to_f(self):
prnt = self._prnt
# first paste some standard set of lines that are mostly '#include'
prnt(cffimod_header)
# then paste the C source given by the user, verbatim.
prnt(self.verifier.preamble)
#
# call generate_gen_xxx_decl(), for every xxx found from
# ffi._parser._declarations. This generates all the functions.
self._generate('decl')
#
# on Windows, distutils insists on putting init_cffi_xyz in
# 'export_symbols', so instead of fighting it, just give up and
# give it one
if sys.platform == 'win32':
if sys.version_info >= (3,):
prefix = 'PyInit_'
else:
prefix = 'init'
modname = self.verifier.get_module_name()
prnt("void %s%s(void) { }\n" % (prefix, modname))
def load_library(self, flags=0):
# import it with the CFFI backend
backend = self.ffi._backend
# needs to make a path that contains '/', on Posix
filename = os.path.join(os.curdir, self.verifier.modulefilename)
module = backend.load_library(filename, flags)
#
# call loading_gen_struct() to get the struct layout inferred by
# the C compiler
self._load(module, 'loading')
# build the FFILibrary class and instance, this is a module subclass
# because modules are expected to have usually-constant-attributes and
# in PyPy this means the JIT is able to treat attributes as constant,
# which we want.
class FFILibrary(types.ModuleType):
_cffi_generic_module = module
_cffi_ffi = self.ffi
_cffi_dir = []
def __dir__(self):
return FFILibrary._cffi_dir
library = FFILibrary("")
#
# finally, call the loaded_gen_xxx() functions. This will set
# up the 'library' object.
self._load(module, 'loaded', library=library)
return library
def _get_declarations(self):
lst = [(key, tp) for (key, (tp, qual)) in
self.ffi._parser._declarations.items()]
lst.sort()
return lst
def _generate(self, step_name):
for name, tp in self._get_declarations():
kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
try:
method = getattr(self, '_generate_gen_%s_%s' % (kind,
step_name))
except AttributeError:
raise VerificationError(
"not implemented in verify(): %r" % name)
try:
method(tp, realname)
except Exception as e:
model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
raise
def _load(self, module, step_name, **kwds):
for name, tp in self._get_declarations():
kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
method = getattr(self, '_%s_gen_%s' % (step_name, kind))
try:
method(tp, realname, module, **kwds)
except Exception as e:
model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
raise
def _generate_nothing(self, tp, name):
pass
def _loaded_noop(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
pass
# ----------
# typedefs: generates no code so far
_generate_gen_typedef_decl = _generate_nothing
_loading_gen_typedef = _loaded_noop
_loaded_gen_typedef = _loaded_noop
# ----------
# function declarations
def _generate_gen_function_decl(self, tp, name):
assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
if tp.ellipsis:
# cannot support vararg functions better than this: check for its
# exact type (including the fixed arguments), and build it as a
# constant function pointer (no _cffi_f_%s wrapper)
self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp)
return
prnt = self._prnt
numargs = len(tp.args)
argnames = []
for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
indirection = ''
if isinstance(type, model.StructOrUnion):
indirection = '*'
argnames.append('%sx%d' % (indirection, i))
context = 'argument of %s' % name
arglist = [type.get_c_name(' %s' % arg, context)
for type, arg in zip(tp.args, argnames)]
tpresult = tp.result
if isinstance(tpresult, model.StructOrUnion):
arglist.insert(0, tpresult.get_c_name(' *r', context))
tpresult = model.void_type
arglist = ', '.join(arglist) or 'void'
wrappername = '_cffi_f_%s' % name
self.export_symbols.append(wrappername)
if tp.abi:
abi = tp.abi + ' '
else:
abi = ''
funcdecl = ' %s%s(%s)' % (abi, wrappername, arglist)
context = 'result of %s' % name
prnt(tpresult.get_c_name(funcdecl, context))
prnt('{')
#
if isinstance(tp.result, model.StructOrUnion):
result_code = '*r = '
elif not isinstance(tp.result, model.VoidType):
result_code = 'return '
else:
result_code = ''
prnt(' %s%s(%s);' % (result_code, name, ', '.join(argnames)))
prnt('}')
prnt()
_loading_gen_function = _loaded_noop
def _loaded_gen_function(self, tp, name, module, library):
assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
if tp.ellipsis:
newfunction = self._load_constant(False, tp, name, module)
else:
indirections = []
base_tp = tp
if (any(isinstance(typ, model.StructOrUnion) for typ in tp.args)
or isinstance(tp.result, model.StructOrUnion)):
indirect_args = []
for i, typ in enumerate(tp.args):
if isinstance(typ, model.StructOrUnion):
typ = model.PointerType(typ)
indirections.append((i, typ))
indirect_args.append(typ)
indirect_result = tp.result
if isinstance(indirect_result, model.StructOrUnion):
if indirect_result.fldtypes is None:
raise TypeError("'%s' is used as result type, "
"but is opaque" % (
indirect_result._get_c_name(),))
indirect_result = model.PointerType(indirect_result)
indirect_args.insert(0, indirect_result)
indirections.insert(0, ("result", indirect_result))
indirect_result = model.void_type
tp = model.FunctionPtrType(tuple(indirect_args),
indirect_result, tp.ellipsis)
BFunc = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
wrappername = '_cffi_f_%s' % name
newfunction = module.load_function(BFunc, wrappername)
for i, typ in indirections:
newfunction = self._make_struct_wrapper(newfunction, i, typ,
base_tp)
setattr(library, name, newfunction)
type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
def _make_struct_wrapper(self, oldfunc, i, tp, base_tp):
backend = self.ffi._backend
BType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
if i == "result":
ffi = self.ffi
def newfunc(*args):
res = ffi.new(BType)
oldfunc(res, *args)
return res[0]
else:
def newfunc(*args):
args = args[:i] + (backend.newp(BType, args[i]),) + args[i+1:]
return oldfunc(*args)
newfunc._cffi_base_type = base_tp
return newfunc
# ----------
# named structs
def _generate_gen_struct_decl(self, tp, name):
assert name == tp.name
self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, 'struct', name)
def _loading_gen_struct(self, tp, name, module):
self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, 'struct', name, module)
def _loaded_gen_struct(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
def _generate_gen_union_decl(self, tp, name):
assert name == tp.name
self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, 'union', name)
def _loading_gen_union(self, tp, name, module):
self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, 'union', name, module)
def _loaded_gen_union(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
def _generate_struct_or_union_decl(self, tp, prefix, name):
if tp.fldnames is None:
return # nothing to do with opaque structs
checkfuncname = '_cffi_check_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
cname = ('%s %s' % (prefix, name)).strip()
#
prnt = self._prnt
prnt('static void %s(%s *p)' % (checkfuncname, cname))
prnt('{')
prnt(' /* only to generate compile-time warnings or errors */')
prnt(' (void)p;')
for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
if (isinstance(ftype, model.PrimitiveType)
and ftype.is_integer_type()) or fbitsize >= 0:
# accept all integers, but complain on float or double
prnt(' (void)((p->%s) << 1);' % fname)
else:
# only accept exactly the type declared.
try:
prnt(' { %s = &p->%s; (void)tmp; }' % (
ftype.get_c_name('*tmp', 'field %r'%fname, quals=fqual),
fname))
except VerificationError as e:
prnt(' /* %s */' % str(e)) # cannot verify it, ignore
prnt('}')
self.export_symbols.append(layoutfuncname)
prnt('intptr_t %s(intptr_t i)' % (layoutfuncname,))
prnt('{')
prnt(' struct _cffi_aligncheck { char x; %s y; };' % cname)
prnt(' static intptr_t nums[] = {')
prnt(' sizeof(%s),' % cname)
prnt(' offsetof(struct _cffi_aligncheck, y),')
for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
if fbitsize >= 0:
continue # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
prnt(' offsetof(%s, %s),' % (cname, fname))
if isinstance(ftype, model.ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
prnt(' 0, /* %s */' % ftype._get_c_name())
else:
prnt(' sizeof(((%s *)0)->%s),' % (cname, fname))
prnt(' -1')
prnt(' };')
prnt(' return nums[i];')
prnt(' /* the next line is not executed, but compiled */')
prnt(' %s(0);' % (checkfuncname,))
prnt('}')
prnt()
def _loading_struct_or_union(self, tp, prefix, name, module):
if tp.fldnames is None:
return # nothing to do with opaque structs
layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
#
BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("intptr_t(*)(intptr_t)")[0]
function = module.load_function(BFunc, layoutfuncname)
layout = []
num = 0
while True:
x = function(num)
if x < 0: break
layout.append(x)
num += 1
if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion) and tp.partial:
# use the function()'s sizes and offsets to guide the
# layout of the struct
totalsize = layout[0]
totalalignment = layout[1]
fieldofs = layout[2::2]
fieldsize = layout[3::2]
tp.force_flatten()
assert len(fieldofs) == len(fieldsize) == len(tp.fldnames)
tp.fixedlayout = fieldofs, fieldsize, totalsize, totalalignment
else:
cname = ('%s %s' % (prefix, name)).strip()
self._struct_pending_verification[tp] = layout, cname
def _loaded_struct_or_union(self, tp):
if tp.fldnames is None:
return # nothing to do with opaque structs
self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp) # force 'fixedlayout' to be considered
if tp in self._struct_pending_verification:
# check that the layout sizes and offsets match the real ones
def check(realvalue, expectedvalue, msg):
if realvalue != expectedvalue:
raise VerificationError(
"%s (we have %d, but C compiler says %d)"
% (msg, expectedvalue, realvalue))
ffi = self.ffi
BStruct = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
layout, cname = self._struct_pending_verification.pop(tp)
check(layout[0], ffi.sizeof(BStruct), "wrong total size")
check(layout[1], ffi.alignof(BStruct), "wrong total alignment")
i = 2
for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
if fbitsize >= 0:
continue # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
check(layout[i], ffi.offsetof(BStruct, fname),
"wrong offset for field %r" % (fname,))
if layout[i+1] != 0:
BField = ffi._get_cached_btype(ftype)
check(layout[i+1], ffi.sizeof(BField),
"wrong size for field %r" % (fname,))
i += 2
assert i == len(layout)
# ----------
# 'anonymous' declarations. These are produced for anonymous structs
# or unions; the 'name' is obtained by a typedef.
def _generate_gen_anonymous_decl(self, tp, name):
if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
self._generate_gen_enum_decl(tp, name, '')
else:
self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, '', name)
def _loading_gen_anonymous(self, tp, name, module):
if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
self._loading_gen_enum(tp, name, module, '')
else:
self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, '', name, module)
def _loaded_gen_anonymous(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
self._loaded_gen_enum(tp, name, module, **kwds)
else:
self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
# ----------
# constants, likely declared with '#define'
def _generate_gen_const(self, is_int, name, tp=None, category='const',
check_value=None):
prnt = self._prnt
funcname = '_cffi_%s_%s' % (category, name)
self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
if check_value is not None:
assert is_int
assert category == 'const'
prnt('int %s(char *out_error)' % funcname)
prnt('{')
self._check_int_constant_value(name, check_value)
prnt(' return 0;')
prnt('}')
elif is_int:
assert category == 'const'
prnt('int %s(long long *out_value)' % funcname)
prnt('{')
prnt(' *out_value = (long long)(%s);' % (name,))
prnt(' return (%s) <= 0;' % (name,))
prnt('}')
else:
assert tp is not None
assert check_value is None
if category == 'var':
ampersand = '&'
else:
ampersand = ''
extra = ''
if category == 'const' and isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
extra = 'const *'
ampersand = '&'
prnt(tp.get_c_name(' %s%s(void)' % (extra, funcname), name))
prnt('{')
prnt(' return (%s%s);' % (ampersand, name))
prnt('}')
prnt()
def _generate_gen_constant_decl(self, tp, name):
is_int = isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and tp.is_integer_type()
self._generate_gen_const(is_int, name, tp)
_loading_gen_constant = _loaded_noop
def _load_constant(self, is_int, tp, name, module, check_value=None):
funcname = '_cffi_const_%s' % name
if check_value is not None:
assert is_int
self._load_known_int_constant(module, funcname)
value = check_value
elif is_int:
BType = self.ffi._typeof_locked("long long*")[0]
BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("int(*)(long long*)")[0]
function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
p = self.ffi.new(BType)
negative = function(p)
value = int(p[0])
if value < 0 and not negative:
BLongLong = self.ffi._typeof_locked("long long")[0]
value += (1 << (8*self.ffi.sizeof(BLongLong)))
else:
assert check_value is None
fntypeextra = '(*)(void)'
if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
fntypeextra = '*' + fntypeextra
BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked(tp.get_c_name(fntypeextra, name))[0]
function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
value = function()
if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
value = value[0]
return value
def _loaded_gen_constant(self, tp, name, module, library):
is_int = isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and tp.is_integer_type()
value = self._load_constant(is_int, tp, name, module)
setattr(library, name, value)
type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
# ----------
# enums
def _check_int_constant_value(self, name, value):
prnt = self._prnt
if value <= 0:
prnt(' if ((%s) > 0 || (long)(%s) != %dL) {' % (
name, name, value))
else:
prnt(' if ((%s) <= 0 || (unsigned long)(%s) != %dUL) {' % (
name, name, value))
prnt(' char buf[64];')
prnt(' if ((%s) <= 0)' % name)
prnt(' sprintf(buf, "%%ld", (long)(%s));' % name)
prnt(' else')
prnt(' sprintf(buf, "%%lu", (unsigned long)(%s));' %
name)
prnt(' sprintf(out_error, "%s has the real value %s, not %s",')
prnt(' "%s", buf, "%d");' % (name[:100], value))
prnt(' return -1;')
prnt(' }')
def _load_known_int_constant(self, module, funcname):
BType = self.ffi._typeof_locked("char[]")[0]
BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("int(*)(char*)")[0]
function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
p = self.ffi.new(BType, 256)
if function(p) < 0:
error = self.ffi.string(p)
if sys.version_info >= (3,):
error = str(error, 'utf-8')
raise VerificationError(error)
def _enum_funcname(self, prefix, name):
# "$enum_$1" => "___D_enum____D_1"
name = name.replace('$', '___D_')
return '_cffi_e_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
def _generate_gen_enum_decl(self, tp, name, prefix='enum'):
if tp.partial:
for enumerator in tp.enumerators:
self._generate_gen_const(True, enumerator)
return
#
funcname = self._enum_funcname(prefix, name)
self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
prnt = self._prnt
prnt('int %s(char *out_error)' % funcname)
prnt('{')
for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
self._check_int_constant_value(enumerator, enumvalue)
prnt(' return 0;')
prnt('}')
prnt()
def _loading_gen_enum(self, tp, name, module, prefix='enum'):
if tp.partial:
enumvalues = [self._load_constant(True, tp, enumerator, module)
for enumerator in tp.enumerators]
tp.enumvalues = tuple(enumvalues)
tp.partial_resolved = True
else:
funcname = self._enum_funcname(prefix, name)
self._load_known_int_constant(module, funcname)
def _loaded_gen_enum(self, tp, name, module, library):
for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
setattr(library, enumerator, enumvalue)
type(library)._cffi_dir.append(enumerator)
# ----------
# macros: for now only for integers
def _generate_gen_macro_decl(self, tp, name):
if tp == '...':
check_value = None
else:
check_value = tp # an integer
self._generate_gen_const(True, name, check_value=check_value)
_loading_gen_macro = _loaded_noop
def _loaded_gen_macro(self, tp, name, module, library):
if tp == '...':
check_value = None
else:
check_value = tp # an integer
value = self._load_constant(True, tp, name, module,
check_value=check_value)
setattr(library, name, value)
type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
# ----------
# global variables
def _generate_gen_variable_decl(self, tp, name):
if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
if tp.length == '...':
prnt = self._prnt
funcname = '_cffi_sizeof_%s' % (name,)
self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
prnt("size_t %s(void)" % funcname)
prnt("{")
prnt(" return sizeof(%s);" % (name,))
prnt("}")
tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp_ptr)
else:
tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp)
self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp_ptr, category='var')
_loading_gen_variable = _loaded_noop
def _loaded_gen_variable(self, tp, name, module, library):
if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType): # int a[5] is "constant" in the
# sense that "a=..." is forbidden
if tp.length == '...':
funcname = '_cffi_sizeof_%s' % (name,)
BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked('size_t(*)(void)')[0]
function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
size = function()
BItemType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp.item)
length, rest = divmod(size, self.ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
if rest != 0:
raise VerificationError(
"bad size: %r does not seem to be an array of %s" %
(name, tp.item))
tp = tp.resolve_length(length)
tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
value = self._load_constant(False, tp_ptr, name, module)
# 'value' is a <cdata 'type *'> which we have to replace with
# a <cdata 'type[N]'> if the N is actually known
if tp.length is not None:
BArray = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
value = self.ffi.cast(BArray, value)
setattr(library, name, value)
type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
return
# remove ptr=<cdata 'int *'> from the library instance, and replace
# it by a property on the class, which reads/writes into ptr[0].
funcname = '_cffi_var_%s' % name
BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked(tp.get_c_name('*(*)(void)', name))[0]
function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
ptr = function()
def getter(library):
return ptr[0]
def setter(library, value):
ptr[0] = value
setattr(type(library), name, property(getter, setter))
type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
cffimod_header = r'''
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* XXX for ssize_t on some platforms */
/* this block of #ifs should be kept exactly identical between
c/_cffi_backend.c, cffi/vengine_cpy.py, cffi/vengine_gen.py
and cffi/_cffi_include.h */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
# include <malloc.h> /* for alloca() */
# if _MSC_VER < 1600 /* MSVC < 2010 */
typedef __int8 int8_t;
typedef __int16 int16_t;
typedef __int32 int32_t;
typedef __int64 int64_t;
typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
typedef __int8 int_least8_t;
typedef __int16 int_least16_t;
typedef __int32 int_least32_t;
typedef __int64 int_least64_t;
typedef unsigned __int8 uint_least8_t;
typedef unsigned __int16 uint_least16_t;
typedef unsigned __int32 uint_least32_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint_least64_t;
typedef __int8 int_fast8_t;
typedef __int16 int_fast16_t;
typedef __int32 int_fast32_t;
typedef __int64 int_fast64_t;
typedef unsigned __int8 uint_fast8_t;
typedef unsigned __int16 uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned __int32 uint_fast32_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint_fast64_t;
typedef __int64 intmax_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uintmax_t;
# else
# include <stdint.h>
# endif
# if _MSC_VER < 1800 /* MSVC < 2013 */
# ifndef __cplusplus
typedef unsigned char _Bool;
# endif
# endif
#else
# include <stdint.h>
# if (defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__hpux)
# include <alloca.h>
# endif
#endif
'''

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@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
#
# DEPRECATED: implementation for ffi.verify()
#
import sys, os, binascii, shutil, io
from . import __version_verifier_modules__
from . import ffiplatform
from .error import VerificationError
if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
import importlib.machinery
def _extension_suffixes():
return importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES[:]
else:
import imp
def _extension_suffixes():
return [suffix for suffix, _, type in imp.get_suffixes()
if type == imp.C_EXTENSION]
if sys.version_info >= (3,):
NativeIO = io.StringIO
else:
class NativeIO(io.BytesIO):
def write(self, s):
if isinstance(s, unicode):
s = s.encode('ascii')
super(NativeIO, self).write(s)
class Verifier(object):
def __init__(self, ffi, preamble, tmpdir=None, modulename=None,
ext_package=None, tag='', force_generic_engine=False,
source_extension='.c', flags=None, relative_to=None, **kwds):
if ffi._parser._uses_new_feature:
raise VerificationError(
"feature not supported with ffi.verify(), but only "
"with ffi.set_source(): %s" % (ffi._parser._uses_new_feature,))
self.ffi = ffi
self.preamble = preamble
if not modulename:
flattened_kwds = ffiplatform.flatten(kwds)
vengine_class = _locate_engine_class(ffi, force_generic_engine)
self._vengine = vengine_class(self)
self._vengine.patch_extension_kwds(kwds)
self.flags = flags
self.kwds = self.make_relative_to(kwds, relative_to)
#
if modulename:
if tag:
raise TypeError("can't specify both 'modulename' and 'tag'")
else:
key = '\x00'.join([sys.version[:3], __version_verifier_modules__,
preamble, flattened_kwds] +
ffi._cdefsources)
if sys.version_info >= (3,):
key = key.encode('utf-8')
k1 = hex(binascii.crc32(key[0::2]) & 0xffffffff)
k1 = k1.lstrip('0x').rstrip('L')
k2 = hex(binascii.crc32(key[1::2]) & 0xffffffff)
k2 = k2.lstrip('0').rstrip('L')
modulename = '_cffi_%s_%s%s%s' % (tag, self._vengine._class_key,
k1, k2)
suffix = _get_so_suffixes()[0]
self.tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
self.sourcefilename = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modulename + source_extension)
self.modulefilename = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modulename + suffix)
self.ext_package = ext_package
self._has_source = False
self._has_module = False
def write_source(self, file=None):
"""Write the C source code. It is produced in 'self.sourcefilename',
which can be tweaked beforehand."""
with self.ffi._lock:
if self._has_source and file is None:
raise VerificationError(
"source code already written")
self._write_source(file)
def compile_module(self):
"""Write the C source code (if not done already) and compile it.
This produces a dynamic link library in 'self.modulefilename'."""
with self.ffi._lock:
if self._has_module:
raise VerificationError("module already compiled")
if not self._has_source:
self._write_source()
self._compile_module()
def load_library(self):
"""Get a C module from this Verifier instance.
Returns an instance of a FFILibrary class that behaves like the
objects returned by ffi.dlopen(), but that delegates all
operations to the C module. If necessary, the C code is written
and compiled first.
"""
with self.ffi._lock:
if not self._has_module:
self._locate_module()
if not self._has_module:
if not self._has_source:
self._write_source()
self._compile_module()
return self._load_library()
def get_module_name(self):
basename = os.path.basename(self.modulefilename)
# kill both the .so extension and the other .'s, as introduced
# by Python 3: 'basename.cpython-33m.so'
basename = basename.split('.', 1)[0]
# and the _d added in Python 2 debug builds --- but try to be
# conservative and not kill a legitimate _d
if basename.endswith('_d') and hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
basename = basename[:-2]
return basename
def get_extension(self):
ffiplatform._hack_at_distutils() # backward compatibility hack
if not self._has_source:
with self.ffi._lock:
if not self._has_source:
self._write_source()
sourcename = ffiplatform.maybe_relative_path(self.sourcefilename)
modname = self.get_module_name()
return ffiplatform.get_extension(sourcename, modname, **self.kwds)
def generates_python_module(self):
return self._vengine._gen_python_module
def make_relative_to(self, kwds, relative_to):
if relative_to and os.path.dirname(relative_to):
dirname = os.path.dirname(relative_to)
kwds = kwds.copy()
for key in ffiplatform.LIST_OF_FILE_NAMES:
if key in kwds:
lst = kwds[key]
if not isinstance(lst, (list, tuple)):
raise TypeError("keyword '%s' should be a list or tuple"
% (key,))
lst = [os.path.join(dirname, fn) for fn in lst]
kwds[key] = lst
return kwds
# ----------
def _locate_module(self):
if not os.path.isfile(self.modulefilename):
if self.ext_package:
try:
pkg = __import__(self.ext_package, None, None, ['__doc__'])
except ImportError:
return # cannot import the package itself, give up
# (e.g. it might be called differently before installation)
path = pkg.__path__
else:
path = None
filename = self._vengine.find_module(self.get_module_name(), path,
_get_so_suffixes())
if filename is None:
return
self.modulefilename = filename
self._vengine.collect_types()
self._has_module = True
def _write_source_to(self, file):
self._vengine._f = file
try:
self._vengine.write_source_to_f()
finally:
del self._vengine._f
def _write_source(self, file=None):
if file is not None:
self._write_source_to(file)
else:
# Write our source file to an in memory file.
f = NativeIO()
self._write_source_to(f)
source_data = f.getvalue()
# Determine if this matches the current file
if os.path.exists(self.sourcefilename):
with open(self.sourcefilename, "r") as fp:
needs_written = not (fp.read() == source_data)
else:
needs_written = True
# Actually write the file out if it doesn't match
if needs_written:
_ensure_dir(self.sourcefilename)
with open(self.sourcefilename, "w") as fp:
fp.write(source_data)
# Set this flag
self._has_source = True
def _compile_module(self):
# compile this C source
tmpdir = os.path.dirname(self.sourcefilename)
outputfilename = ffiplatform.compile(tmpdir, self.get_extension())
try:
same = ffiplatform.samefile(outputfilename, self.modulefilename)
except OSError:
same = False
if not same:
_ensure_dir(self.modulefilename)
shutil.move(outputfilename, self.modulefilename)
self._has_module = True
def _load_library(self):
assert self._has_module
if self.flags is not None:
return self._vengine.load_library(self.flags)
else:
return self._vengine.load_library()
# ____________________________________________________________
_FORCE_GENERIC_ENGINE = False # for tests
def _locate_engine_class(ffi, force_generic_engine):
if _FORCE_GENERIC_ENGINE:
force_generic_engine = True
if not force_generic_engine:
if '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names:
force_generic_engine = True
else:
try:
import _cffi_backend
except ImportError:
_cffi_backend = '?'
if ffi._backend is not _cffi_backend:
force_generic_engine = True
if force_generic_engine:
from . import vengine_gen
return vengine_gen.VGenericEngine
else:
from . import vengine_cpy
return vengine_cpy.VCPythonEngine
# ____________________________________________________________
_TMPDIR = None
def _caller_dir_pycache():
if _TMPDIR:
return _TMPDIR
result = os.environ.get('CFFI_TMPDIR')
if result:
return result
filename = sys._getframe(2).f_code.co_filename
return os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(filename),
'__pycache__'))
def set_tmpdir(dirname):
"""Set the temporary directory to use instead of __pycache__."""
global _TMPDIR
_TMPDIR = dirname
def cleanup_tmpdir(tmpdir=None, keep_so=False):
"""Clean up the temporary directory by removing all files in it
called `_cffi_*.{c,so}` as well as the `build` subdirectory."""
tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
try:
filelist = os.listdir(tmpdir)
except OSError:
return
if keep_so:
suffix = '.c' # only remove .c files
else:
suffix = _get_so_suffixes()[0].lower()
for fn in filelist:
if fn.lower().startswith('_cffi_') and (
fn.lower().endswith(suffix) or fn.lower().endswith('.c')):
try:
os.unlink(os.path.join(tmpdir, fn))
except OSError:
pass
clean_dir = [os.path.join(tmpdir, 'build')]
for dir in clean_dir:
try:
for fn in os.listdir(dir):
fn = os.path.join(dir, fn)
if os.path.isdir(fn):
clean_dir.append(fn)
else:
os.unlink(fn)
except OSError:
pass
def _get_so_suffixes():
suffixes = _extension_suffixes()
if not suffixes:
# bah, no C_EXTENSION available. Occurs on pypy without cpyext
if sys.platform == 'win32':
suffixes = [".pyd"]
else:
suffixes = [".so"]
return suffixes
def _ensure_dir(filename):
dirname = os.path.dirname(filename)
if dirname and not os.path.isdir(dirname):
os.makedirs(dirname)