diff --git a/tsdb/index/postings.go b/tsdb/index/postings.go
index 5ed41f769..e909a3717 100644
--- a/tsdb/index/postings.go
+++ b/tsdb/index/postings.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/bboreham/go-loser"
+	"github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
@@ -292,30 +293,76 @@ func (p *MemPostings) EnsureOrder(numberOfConcurrentProcesses int) {
 func (p *MemPostings) Delete(deleted map[storage.SeriesRef]struct{}, affected map[labels.Label]struct{}) {
 	p.mtx.Lock()
 	defer p.mtx.Unlock()
+	if len(p.m) == 0 || len(deleted) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
 
-	process := func(l labels.Label) {
-		orig := p.m[l.Name][l.Value]
-		repl := make([]storage.SeriesRef, 0, len(orig))
-		for _, id := range orig {
-			if _, ok := deleted[id]; !ok {
-				repl = append(repl, id)
+	// Deleting label names mutates p.m map, so it should be done from a single goroutine after nobody else is reading it.
+	deleteLabelNames := make(chan string, len(p.m))
+
+	process, wait := processWithBoundedParallelismAndConsistentWorkers(
+		runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0),
+		func(l labels.Label) uint64 { return xxhash.Sum64String(l.Name) },
+		func(l labels.Label) {
+			orig := p.m[l.Name][l.Value]
+			repl := make([]storage.SeriesRef, 0, len(orig))
+			for _, id := range orig {
+				if _, ok := deleted[id]; !ok {
+					repl = append(repl, id)
+				}
 			}
-		}
-		if len(repl) > 0 {
-			p.m[l.Name][l.Value] = repl
-		} else {
-			delete(p.m[l.Name], l.Value)
-			// Delete the key if we removed all values.
-			if len(p.m[l.Name]) == 0 {
-				delete(p.m, l.Name)
+			if len(repl) > 0 {
+				p.m[l.Name][l.Value] = repl
+			} else {
+				delete(p.m[l.Name], l.Value)
+				if len(p.m[l.Name]) == 0 {
+					// Delete the key if we removed all values.
+					deleteLabelNames <- l.Name
+				}
 			}
-		}
-	}
+		},
+	)
 
 	for l := range affected {
 		process(l)
 	}
 	process(allPostingsKey)
+	wait()
+
+	// Close deleteLabelNames channel and delete the label names requested.
+	close(deleteLabelNames)
+	for name := range deleteLabelNames {
+		delete(p.m, name)
+	}
+}
+
+// processWithBoundedParallelismAndConsistentWorkers will call f() with bounded parallelism,
+// making sure that elements with same hash(T) will always be processed by the same worker.
+// Call process() to add more jobs to process, and once finished adding, call wait() to ensure that all jobs are processed.
+func processWithBoundedParallelismAndConsistentWorkers[T any](workers int, hash func(T) uint64, f func(T)) (process func(T), wait func()) {
+	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+	jobs := make([]chan T, workers)
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		jobs[i] = make(chan T, 128)
+		go func(jobs <-chan T) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for l := range jobs {
+				f(l)
+			}
+		}(jobs[i])
+	}
+
+	process = func(job T) {
+		jobs[hash(job)%uint64(workers)] <- job
+	}
+	wait = func() {
+		for i := range jobs {
+			close(jobs[i])
+		}
+		wg.Wait()
+	}
+	return process, wait
 }
 
 // Iter calls f for each postings list. It aborts if f returns an error and returns it.
diff --git a/tsdb/index/postings_test.go b/tsdb/index/postings_test.go
index 96c9ed124..b41fb54e6 100644
--- a/tsdb/index/postings_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/index/postings_test.go
@@ -973,37 +973,69 @@ func TestMemPostingsStats(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMemPostings_Delete(t *testing.T) {
-	p := NewMemPostings()
-	p.Add(1, labels.FromStrings("lbl1", "a"))
-	p.Add(2, labels.FromStrings("lbl1", "b"))
-	p.Add(3, labels.FromStrings("lbl2", "a"))
+	t.Run("some postings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewMemPostings()
+		p.Add(1, labels.FromStrings("lbl1", "a"))
+		p.Add(2, labels.FromStrings("lbl1", "b"))
+		p.Add(3, labels.FromStrings("lbl2", "a"))
+
+		before := p.Get(allPostingsKey.Name, allPostingsKey.Value)
+		deletedRefs := map[storage.SeriesRef]struct{}{
+			2: {},
+		}
+		affectedLabels := map[labels.Label]struct{}{
+			{Name: "lbl1", Value: "b"}: {},
+		}
+		p.Delete(deletedRefs, affectedLabels)
+		after := p.Get(allPostingsKey.Name, allPostingsKey.Value)
 
-	before := p.Get(allPostingsKey.Name, allPostingsKey.Value)
-	deletedRefs := map[storage.SeriesRef]struct{}{
-		2: {},
-	}
-	affectedLabels := map[labels.Label]struct{}{
-		{Name: "lbl1", Value: "b"}: {},
-	}
-	p.Delete(deletedRefs, affectedLabels)
-	after := p.Get(allPostingsKey.Name, allPostingsKey.Value)
+		// Make sure postings gotten before the delete have the old data when
+		// iterated over.
+		expanded, err := ExpandPostings(before)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, []storage.SeriesRef{1, 2, 3}, expanded)
 
-	// Make sure postings gotten before the delete have the old data when
-	// iterated over.
-	expanded, err := ExpandPostings(before)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, []storage.SeriesRef{1, 2, 3}, expanded)
+		// Make sure postings gotten after the delete have the new data when
+		// iterated over.
+		expanded, err = ExpandPostings(after)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, []storage.SeriesRef{1, 3}, expanded)
 
-	// Make sure postings gotten after the delete have the new data when
-	// iterated over.
-	expanded, err = ExpandPostings(after)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, []storage.SeriesRef{1, 3}, expanded)
+		deleted := p.Get("lbl1", "b")
+		expanded, err = ExpandPostings(deleted)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Empty(t, expanded, "expected empty postings, got %v", expanded)
+	})
 
-	deleted := p.Get("lbl1", "b")
-	expanded, err = ExpandPostings(deleted)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Empty(t, expanded, "expected empty postings, got %v", expanded)
+	t.Run("all postings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewMemPostings()
+		p.Add(1, labels.FromStrings("lbl1", "a"))
+		p.Add(2, labels.FromStrings("lbl1", "b"))
+		p.Add(3, labels.FromStrings("lbl2", "a"))
+
+		deletedRefs := map[storage.SeriesRef]struct{}{1: {}, 2: {}, 3: {}}
+		affectedLabels := map[labels.Label]struct{}{
+			{Name: "lbl1", Value: "a"}: {},
+			{Name: "lbl1", Value: "b"}: {},
+			{Name: "lbl1", Value: "c"}: {},
+		}
+		p.Delete(deletedRefs, affectedLabels)
+		after := p.Get(allPostingsKey.Name, allPostingsKey.Value)
+		expanded, err := ExpandPostings(after)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Empty(t, expanded)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nothing on empty mempostings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewMemPostings()
+		deletedRefs := map[storage.SeriesRef]struct{}{}
+		affectedLabels := map[labels.Label]struct{}{}
+		p.Delete(deletedRefs, affectedLabels)
+		after := p.Get(allPostingsKey.Name, allPostingsKey.Value)
+		expanded, err := ExpandPostings(after)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Empty(t, expanded)
+	})
 }
 
 // BenchmarkMemPostings_Delete is quite heavy, so consider running it with
@@ -1025,7 +1057,7 @@ func BenchmarkMemPostings_Delete(b *testing.B) {
 		return s
 	}
 
-	const total = 1e6
+	const total = 2e6
 	allSeries := [total]labels.Labels{}
 	nameValues := make([]string, 0, 100)
 	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {