hello="hello, " hello+=word echo $hello for ((i = 2; i > 0; i--)); do echo postfix dec $i done for ((i = 2; i > 0; --i)); do echo prefix dec $i done for ((i = 0; i < 2; i++)); do echo postfix inc $i done for ((i = 0; i < 2; ++i)); do echo prefix inc $i done # issue 215 for ((i = 0; i < 2; i++)); do echo $((((1)) << i)) done