Automatic merge from submit-queue (batch tested with PRs 42432, 44628, 45101, 44921)
kubeadm: join test cmds for new flags
**What this PR does / why we need it**: Adding test-cmds for new kubeadm join flags.
Adding tests is a WIP from #34136
This is a continuation from https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/42812 since it had to be closed.
**Special notes for your reviewer**: /cc @luxas
**Release note**:
```release-note
NONE
```