k3s/vendor/gonum.org/v1/gonum/mat/dense_arithmetic.go

854 lines
19 KiB
Go

// Copyright ©2013 The Gonum Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package mat
import (
"math"
"gonum.org/v1/gonum/blas"
"gonum.org/v1/gonum/blas/blas64"
"gonum.org/v1/gonum/lapack/lapack64"
)
// Add adds a and b element-wise, placing the result in the receiver. Add
// will panic if the two matrices do not have the same shape.
func (m *Dense) Add(a, b Matrix) {
ar, ac := a.Dims()
br, bc := b.Dims()
if ar != br || ac != bc {
panic(ErrShape)
}
aU, _ := untransposeExtract(a)
bU, _ := untransposeExtract(b)
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, ac)
if arm, ok := a.(*Dense); ok {
if brm, ok := b.(*Dense); ok {
amat, bmat := arm.mat, brm.mat
if m != aU {
m.checkOverlap(amat)
}
if m != bU {
m.checkOverlap(bmat)
}
for ja, jb, jm := 0, 0, 0; ja < ar*amat.Stride; ja, jb, jm = ja+amat.Stride, jb+bmat.Stride, jm+m.mat.Stride {
for i, v := range amat.Data[ja : ja+ac] {
m.mat.Data[i+jm] = v + bmat.Data[i+jb]
}
}
return
}
}
m.checkOverlapMatrix(aU)
m.checkOverlapMatrix(bU)
var restore func()
if m == aU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(aU)
defer restore()
} else if m == bU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(bU)
defer restore()
}
for r := 0; r < ar; r++ {
for c := 0; c < ac; c++ {
m.set(r, c, a.At(r, c)+b.At(r, c))
}
}
}
// Sub subtracts the matrix b from a, placing the result in the receiver. Sub
// will panic if the two matrices do not have the same shape.
func (m *Dense) Sub(a, b Matrix) {
ar, ac := a.Dims()
br, bc := b.Dims()
if ar != br || ac != bc {
panic(ErrShape)
}
aU, _ := untransposeExtract(a)
bU, _ := untransposeExtract(b)
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, ac)
if arm, ok := a.(*Dense); ok {
if brm, ok := b.(*Dense); ok {
amat, bmat := arm.mat, brm.mat
if m != aU {
m.checkOverlap(amat)
}
if m != bU {
m.checkOverlap(bmat)
}
for ja, jb, jm := 0, 0, 0; ja < ar*amat.Stride; ja, jb, jm = ja+amat.Stride, jb+bmat.Stride, jm+m.mat.Stride {
for i, v := range amat.Data[ja : ja+ac] {
m.mat.Data[i+jm] = v - bmat.Data[i+jb]
}
}
return
}
}
m.checkOverlapMatrix(aU)
m.checkOverlapMatrix(bU)
var restore func()
if m == aU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(aU)
defer restore()
} else if m == bU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(bU)
defer restore()
}
for r := 0; r < ar; r++ {
for c := 0; c < ac; c++ {
m.set(r, c, a.At(r, c)-b.At(r, c))
}
}
}
// MulElem performs element-wise multiplication of a and b, placing the result
// in the receiver. MulElem will panic if the two matrices do not have the same
// shape.
func (m *Dense) MulElem(a, b Matrix) {
ar, ac := a.Dims()
br, bc := b.Dims()
if ar != br || ac != bc {
panic(ErrShape)
}
aU, _ := untransposeExtract(a)
bU, _ := untransposeExtract(b)
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, ac)
if arm, ok := a.(*Dense); ok {
if brm, ok := b.(*Dense); ok {
amat, bmat := arm.mat, brm.mat
if m != aU {
m.checkOverlap(amat)
}
if m != bU {
m.checkOverlap(bmat)
}
for ja, jb, jm := 0, 0, 0; ja < ar*amat.Stride; ja, jb, jm = ja+amat.Stride, jb+bmat.Stride, jm+m.mat.Stride {
for i, v := range amat.Data[ja : ja+ac] {
m.mat.Data[i+jm] = v * bmat.Data[i+jb]
}
}
return
}
}
m.checkOverlapMatrix(aU)
m.checkOverlapMatrix(bU)
var restore func()
if m == aU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(aU)
defer restore()
} else if m == bU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(bU)
defer restore()
}
for r := 0; r < ar; r++ {
for c := 0; c < ac; c++ {
m.set(r, c, a.At(r, c)*b.At(r, c))
}
}
}
// DivElem performs element-wise division of a by b, placing the result
// in the receiver. DivElem will panic if the two matrices do not have the same
// shape.
func (m *Dense) DivElem(a, b Matrix) {
ar, ac := a.Dims()
br, bc := b.Dims()
if ar != br || ac != bc {
panic(ErrShape)
}
aU, _ := untransposeExtract(a)
bU, _ := untransposeExtract(b)
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, ac)
if arm, ok := a.(*Dense); ok {
if brm, ok := b.(*Dense); ok {
amat, bmat := arm.mat, brm.mat
if m != aU {
m.checkOverlap(amat)
}
if m != bU {
m.checkOverlap(bmat)
}
for ja, jb, jm := 0, 0, 0; ja < ar*amat.Stride; ja, jb, jm = ja+amat.Stride, jb+bmat.Stride, jm+m.mat.Stride {
for i, v := range amat.Data[ja : ja+ac] {
m.mat.Data[i+jm] = v / bmat.Data[i+jb]
}
}
return
}
}
m.checkOverlapMatrix(aU)
m.checkOverlapMatrix(bU)
var restore func()
if m == aU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(aU)
defer restore()
} else if m == bU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(bU)
defer restore()
}
for r := 0; r < ar; r++ {
for c := 0; c < ac; c++ {
m.set(r, c, a.At(r, c)/b.At(r, c))
}
}
}
// Inverse computes the inverse of the matrix a, storing the result into the
// receiver. If a is ill-conditioned, a Condition error will be returned.
// Note that matrix inversion is numerically unstable, and should generally
// be avoided where possible, for example by using the Solve routines.
func (m *Dense) Inverse(a Matrix) error {
// TODO(btracey): Special case for RawTriangular, etc.
r, c := a.Dims()
if r != c {
panic(ErrSquare)
}
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(a.Dims())
aU, aTrans := untransposeExtract(a)
switch rm := aU.(type) {
case *Dense:
if m != aU || aTrans {
if m == aU || m.checkOverlap(rm.mat) {
tmp := getWorkspace(r, c, false)
tmp.Copy(a)
m.Copy(tmp)
putWorkspace(tmp)
break
}
m.Copy(a)
}
default:
m.Copy(a)
}
ipiv := getInts(r, false)
defer putInts(ipiv)
ok := lapack64.Getrf(m.mat, ipiv)
if !ok {
return Condition(math.Inf(1))
}
work := getFloats(4*r, false) // must be at least 4*r for cond.
lapack64.Getri(m.mat, ipiv, work, -1)
if int(work[0]) > 4*r {
l := int(work[0])
putFloats(work)
work = getFloats(l, false)
} else {
work = work[:4*r]
}
defer putFloats(work)
lapack64.Getri(m.mat, ipiv, work, len(work))
norm := lapack64.Lange(CondNorm, m.mat, work)
rcond := lapack64.Gecon(CondNorm, m.mat, norm, work, ipiv) // reuse ipiv
if rcond == 0 {
return Condition(math.Inf(1))
}
cond := 1 / rcond
if cond > ConditionTolerance {
return Condition(cond)
}
return nil
}
// Mul takes the matrix product of a and b, placing the result in the receiver.
// If the number of columns in a does not equal the number of rows in b, Mul will panic.
func (m *Dense) Mul(a, b Matrix) {
ar, ac := a.Dims()
br, bc := b.Dims()
if ac != br {
panic(ErrShape)
}
aU, aTrans := untransposeExtract(a)
bU, bTrans := untransposeExtract(b)
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, bc)
var restore func()
if m == aU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(aU)
defer restore()
} else if m == bU {
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(bU)
defer restore()
}
aT := blas.NoTrans
if aTrans {
aT = blas.Trans
}
bT := blas.NoTrans
if bTrans {
bT = blas.Trans
}
// Some of the cases do not have a transpose option, so create
// temporary memory.
// C = Aᵀ * B = (Bᵀ * A)ᵀ
// Cᵀ = Bᵀ * A.
if aU, ok := aU.(*Dense); ok {
if restore == nil {
m.checkOverlap(aU.mat)
}
switch bU := bU.(type) {
case *Dense:
if restore == nil {
m.checkOverlap(bU.mat)
}
blas64.Gemm(aT, bT, 1, aU.mat, bU.mat, 0, m.mat)
return
case *SymDense:
if aTrans {
c := getWorkspace(ac, ar, false)
blas64.Symm(blas.Left, 1, bU.mat, aU.mat, 0, c.mat)
strictCopy(m, c.T())
putWorkspace(c)
return
}
blas64.Symm(blas.Right, 1, bU.mat, aU.mat, 0, m.mat)
return
case *TriDense:
// Trmm updates in place, so copy aU first.
if aTrans {
c := getWorkspace(ac, ar, false)
var tmp Dense
tmp.SetRawMatrix(aU.mat)
c.Copy(&tmp)
bT := blas.Trans
if bTrans {
bT = blas.NoTrans
}
blas64.Trmm(blas.Left, bT, 1, bU.mat, c.mat)
strictCopy(m, c.T())
putWorkspace(c)
return
}
m.Copy(a)
blas64.Trmm(blas.Right, bT, 1, bU.mat, m.mat)
return
case *VecDense:
m.checkOverlap(bU.asGeneral())
bvec := bU.RawVector()
if bTrans {
// {ar,1} x {1,bc}, which is not a vector.
// Instead, construct B as a General.
bmat := blas64.General{
Rows: bc,
Cols: 1,
Stride: bvec.Inc,
Data: bvec.Data,
}
blas64.Gemm(aT, bT, 1, aU.mat, bmat, 0, m.mat)
return
}
cvec := blas64.Vector{
Inc: m.mat.Stride,
Data: m.mat.Data,
}
blas64.Gemv(aT, 1, aU.mat, bvec, 0, cvec)
return
}
}
if bU, ok := bU.(*Dense); ok {
if restore == nil {
m.checkOverlap(bU.mat)
}
switch aU := aU.(type) {
case *SymDense:
if bTrans {
c := getWorkspace(bc, br, false)
blas64.Symm(blas.Right, 1, aU.mat, bU.mat, 0, c.mat)
strictCopy(m, c.T())
putWorkspace(c)
return
}
blas64.Symm(blas.Left, 1, aU.mat, bU.mat, 0, m.mat)
return
case *TriDense:
// Trmm updates in place, so copy bU first.
if bTrans {
c := getWorkspace(bc, br, false)
var tmp Dense
tmp.SetRawMatrix(bU.mat)
c.Copy(&tmp)
aT := blas.Trans
if aTrans {
aT = blas.NoTrans
}
blas64.Trmm(blas.Right, aT, 1, aU.mat, c.mat)
strictCopy(m, c.T())
putWorkspace(c)
return
}
m.Copy(b)
blas64.Trmm(blas.Left, aT, 1, aU.mat, m.mat)
return
case *VecDense:
m.checkOverlap(aU.asGeneral())
avec := aU.RawVector()
if aTrans {
// {1,ac} x {ac, bc}
// Transpose B so that the vector is on the right.
cvec := blas64.Vector{
Inc: 1,
Data: m.mat.Data,
}
bT := blas.Trans
if bTrans {
bT = blas.NoTrans
}
blas64.Gemv(bT, 1, bU.mat, avec, 0, cvec)
return
}
// {ar,1} x {1,bc} which is not a vector result.
// Instead, construct A as a General.
amat := blas64.General{
Rows: ar,
Cols: 1,
Stride: avec.Inc,
Data: avec.Data,
}
blas64.Gemm(aT, bT, 1, amat, bU.mat, 0, m.mat)
return
}
}
m.checkOverlapMatrix(aU)
m.checkOverlapMatrix(bU)
row := getFloats(ac, false)
defer putFloats(row)
for r := 0; r < ar; r++ {
for i := range row {
row[i] = a.At(r, i)
}
for c := 0; c < bc; c++ {
var v float64
for i, e := range row {
v += e * b.At(i, c)
}
m.mat.Data[r*m.mat.Stride+c] = v
}
}
}
// strictCopy copies a into m panicking if the shape of a and m differ.
func strictCopy(m *Dense, a Matrix) {
r, c := m.Copy(a)
if r != m.mat.Rows || c != m.mat.Cols {
// Panic with a string since this
// is not a user-facing panic.
panic(ErrShape.Error())
}
}
// Exp calculates the exponential of the matrix a, e^a, placing the result
// in the receiver. Exp will panic with matrix.ErrShape if a is not square.
func (m *Dense) Exp(a Matrix) {
// The implementation used here is from Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation
// Chapter 10, Algorithm 10.20. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898717778.ch10
r, c := a.Dims()
if r != c {
panic(ErrShape)
}
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(r, r)
if r == 1 {
m.mat.Data[0] = math.Exp(a.At(0, 0))
return
}
pade := []struct {
theta float64
b []float64
}{
{theta: 0.015, b: []float64{
120, 60, 12, 1,
}},
{theta: 0.25, b: []float64{
30240, 15120, 3360, 420, 30, 1,
}},
{theta: 0.95, b: []float64{
17297280, 8648640, 1995840, 277200, 25200, 1512, 56, 1,
}},
{theta: 2.1, b: []float64{
17643225600, 8821612800, 2075673600, 302702400, 30270240, 2162160, 110880, 3960, 90, 1,
}},
}
a1 := m
a1.Copy(a)
v := getWorkspace(r, r, true)
vraw := v.RawMatrix()
n := r * r
vvec := blas64.Vector{N: n, Inc: 1, Data: vraw.Data}
defer putWorkspace(v)
u := getWorkspace(r, r, true)
uraw := u.RawMatrix()
uvec := blas64.Vector{N: n, Inc: 1, Data: uraw.Data}
defer putWorkspace(u)
a2 := getWorkspace(r, r, false)
defer putWorkspace(a2)
n1 := Norm(a, 1)
for i, t := range pade {
if n1 > t.theta {
continue
}
// This loop only executes once, so
// this is not as horrible as it looks.
p := getWorkspace(r, r, true)
praw := p.RawMatrix()
pvec := blas64.Vector{N: n, Inc: 1, Data: praw.Data}
defer putWorkspace(p)
for k := 0; k < r; k++ {
p.set(k, k, 1)
v.set(k, k, t.b[0])
u.set(k, k, t.b[1])
}
a2.Mul(a1, a1)
for j := 0; j <= i; j++ {
p.Mul(p, a2)
blas64.Axpy(t.b[2*j+2], pvec, vvec)
blas64.Axpy(t.b[2*j+3], pvec, uvec)
}
u.Mul(a1, u)
// Use p as a workspace here and
// rename u for the second call's
// receiver.
vmu, vpu := u, p
vpu.Add(v, u)
vmu.Sub(v, u)
m.Solve(vmu, vpu)
return
}
// Remaining Padé table line.
const theta13 = 5.4
b := [...]float64{
64764752532480000, 32382376266240000, 7771770303897600, 1187353796428800,
129060195264000, 10559470521600, 670442572800, 33522128640,
1323241920, 40840800, 960960, 16380, 182, 1,
}
s := math.Log2(n1 / theta13)
if s >= 0 {
s = math.Ceil(s)
a1.Scale(1/math.Pow(2, s), a1)
}
a2.Mul(a1, a1)
i := getWorkspace(r, r, true)
for j := 0; j < r; j++ {
i.set(j, j, 1)
}
iraw := i.RawMatrix()
ivec := blas64.Vector{N: n, Inc: 1, Data: iraw.Data}
defer putWorkspace(i)
a2raw := a2.RawMatrix()
a2vec := blas64.Vector{N: n, Inc: 1, Data: a2raw.Data}
a4 := getWorkspace(r, r, false)
a4raw := a4.RawMatrix()
a4vec := blas64.Vector{N: n, Inc: 1, Data: a4raw.Data}
defer putWorkspace(a4)
a4.Mul(a2, a2)
a6 := getWorkspace(r, r, false)
a6raw := a6.RawMatrix()
a6vec := blas64.Vector{N: n, Inc: 1, Data: a6raw.Data}
defer putWorkspace(a6)
a6.Mul(a2, a4)
// V = A_6(b_12*A_6 + b_10*A_4 + b_8*A_2) + b_6*A_6 + b_4*A_4 + b_2*A_2 +b_0*I
blas64.Axpy(b[12], a6vec, vvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[10], a4vec, vvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[8], a2vec, vvec)
v.Mul(v, a6)
blas64.Axpy(b[6], a6vec, vvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[4], a4vec, vvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[2], a2vec, vvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[0], ivec, vvec)
// U = A(A_6(b_13*A_6 + b_11*A_4 + b_9*A_2) + b_7*A_6 + b_5*A_4 + b_2*A_3 +b_1*I)
blas64.Axpy(b[13], a6vec, uvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[11], a4vec, uvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[9], a2vec, uvec)
u.Mul(u, a6)
blas64.Axpy(b[7], a6vec, uvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[5], a4vec, uvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[3], a2vec, uvec)
blas64.Axpy(b[1], ivec, uvec)
u.Mul(u, a1)
// Use i as a workspace here and
// rename u for the second call's
// receiver.
vmu, vpu := u, i
vpu.Add(v, u)
vmu.Sub(v, u)
m.Solve(vmu, vpu)
for ; s > 0; s-- {
m.Mul(m, m)
}
}
// Pow calculates the integral power of the matrix a to n, placing the result
// in the receiver. Pow will panic if n is negative or if a is not square.
func (m *Dense) Pow(a Matrix, n int) {
if n < 0 {
panic("mat: illegal power")
}
r, c := a.Dims()
if r != c {
panic(ErrShape)
}
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(r, c)
// Take possible fast paths.
switch n {
case 0:
for i := 0; i < r; i++ {
zero(m.mat.Data[i*m.mat.Stride : i*m.mat.Stride+c])
m.mat.Data[i*m.mat.Stride+i] = 1
}
return
case 1:
m.Copy(a)
return
case 2:
m.Mul(a, a)
return
}
// Perform iterative exponentiation by squaring in work space.
w := getWorkspace(r, r, false)
w.Copy(a)
s := getWorkspace(r, r, false)
s.Copy(a)
x := getWorkspace(r, r, false)
for n--; n > 0; n >>= 1 {
if n&1 != 0 {
x.Mul(w, s)
w, x = x, w
}
if n != 1 {
x.Mul(s, s)
s, x = x, s
}
}
m.Copy(w)
putWorkspace(w)
putWorkspace(s)
putWorkspace(x)
}
// Scale multiplies the elements of a by f, placing the result in the receiver.
//
// See the Scaler interface for more information.
func (m *Dense) Scale(f float64, a Matrix) {
ar, ac := a.Dims()
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, ac)
aU, aTrans := untransposeExtract(a)
if rm, ok := aU.(*Dense); ok {
amat := rm.mat
if m == aU || m.checkOverlap(amat) {
var restore func()
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(a)
defer restore()
}
if !aTrans {
for ja, jm := 0, 0; ja < ar*amat.Stride; ja, jm = ja+amat.Stride, jm+m.mat.Stride {
for i, v := range amat.Data[ja : ja+ac] {
m.mat.Data[i+jm] = v * f
}
}
} else {
for ja, jm := 0, 0; ja < ac*amat.Stride; ja, jm = ja+amat.Stride, jm+1 {
for i, v := range amat.Data[ja : ja+ar] {
m.mat.Data[i*m.mat.Stride+jm] = v * f
}
}
}
return
}
m.checkOverlapMatrix(a)
for r := 0; r < ar; r++ {
for c := 0; c < ac; c++ {
m.set(r, c, f*a.At(r, c))
}
}
}
// Apply applies the function fn to each of the elements of a, placing the
// resulting matrix in the receiver. The function fn takes a row/column
// index and element value and returns some function of that tuple.
func (m *Dense) Apply(fn func(i, j int, v float64) float64, a Matrix) {
ar, ac := a.Dims()
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, ac)
aU, aTrans := untransposeExtract(a)
if rm, ok := aU.(*Dense); ok {
amat := rm.mat
if m == aU || m.checkOverlap(amat) {
var restore func()
m, restore = m.isolatedWorkspace(a)
defer restore()
}
if !aTrans {
for j, ja, jm := 0, 0, 0; ja < ar*amat.Stride; j, ja, jm = j+1, ja+amat.Stride, jm+m.mat.Stride {
for i, v := range amat.Data[ja : ja+ac] {
m.mat.Data[i+jm] = fn(j, i, v)
}
}
} else {
for j, ja, jm := 0, 0, 0; ja < ac*amat.Stride; j, ja, jm = j+1, ja+amat.Stride, jm+1 {
for i, v := range amat.Data[ja : ja+ar] {
m.mat.Data[i*m.mat.Stride+jm] = fn(i, j, v)
}
}
}
return
}
m.checkOverlapMatrix(a)
for r := 0; r < ar; r++ {
for c := 0; c < ac; c++ {
m.set(r, c, fn(r, c, a.At(r, c)))
}
}
}
// RankOne performs a rank-one update to the matrix a with the vectors x and
// y, where x and y are treated as column vectors. The result is stored in the
// receiver. The Outer method can be used instead of RankOne if a is not needed.
// m = a + alpha * x * yᵀ
func (m *Dense) RankOne(a Matrix, alpha float64, x, y Vector) {
ar, ac := a.Dims()
if x.Len() != ar {
panic(ErrShape)
}
if y.Len() != ac {
panic(ErrShape)
}
if a != m {
aU, _ := untransposeExtract(a)
if rm, ok := aU.(*Dense); ok {
m.checkOverlap(rm.RawMatrix())
}
}
var xmat, ymat blas64.Vector
fast := true
xU, _ := untransposeExtract(x)
if rv, ok := xU.(*VecDense); ok {
r, c := xU.Dims()
xmat = rv.mat
m.checkOverlap(generalFromVector(xmat, r, c))
} else {
fast = false
}
yU, _ := untransposeExtract(y)
if rv, ok := yU.(*VecDense); ok {
r, c := yU.Dims()
ymat = rv.mat
m.checkOverlap(generalFromVector(ymat, r, c))
} else {
fast = false
}
if fast {
if m != a {
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, ac)
m.Copy(a)
}
blas64.Ger(alpha, xmat, ymat, m.mat)
return
}
m.reuseAsNonZeroed(ar, ac)
for i := 0; i < ar; i++ {
for j := 0; j < ac; j++ {
m.set(i, j, a.At(i, j)+alpha*x.AtVec(i)*y.AtVec(j))
}
}
}
// Outer calculates the outer product of the vectors x and y, where x and y
// are treated as column vectors, and stores the result in the receiver.
// m = alpha * x * yᵀ
// In order to update an existing matrix, see RankOne.
func (m *Dense) Outer(alpha float64, x, y Vector) {
r, c := x.Len(), y.Len()
m.reuseAsZeroed(r, c)
var xmat, ymat blas64.Vector
fast := true
xU, _ := untransposeExtract(x)
if rv, ok := xU.(*VecDense); ok {
r, c := xU.Dims()
xmat = rv.mat
m.checkOverlap(generalFromVector(xmat, r, c))
} else {
fast = false
}
yU, _ := untransposeExtract(y)
if rv, ok := yU.(*VecDense); ok {
r, c := yU.Dims()
ymat = rv.mat
m.checkOverlap(generalFromVector(ymat, r, c))
} else {
fast = false
}
if fast {
for i := 0; i < r; i++ {
zero(m.mat.Data[i*m.mat.Stride : i*m.mat.Stride+c])
}
blas64.Ger(alpha, xmat, ymat, m.mat)
return
}
for i := 0; i < r; i++ {
for j := 0; j < c; j++ {
m.set(i, j, alpha*x.AtVec(i)*y.AtVec(j))
}
}
}