Currently, the validation logic validates fields in an object and supply default
values wherever applies. This change factors out defaulting to a set of
defaulting callback functions for decoding (see #1502 for more discussion).
* This change is based on pull request 2587.
* Most defaulting has been migrated to defaults.go where the defaulting
functions are added.
* validation_test.go and converter_test.go have been adapted to not testing the
default values.
* Fixed all tests with that create invalid objects with the absence of
defaulting logic.
Clayton Coleman