Allow non-RBAC authorizers to participate in role/clusterrole escalation checks

hack/.golint_failures

@@ -311,7 +311,6 @@ pkg/registry/networking/rest
 pkg/registry/policy/poddisruptionbudget
 pkg/registry/policy/poddisruptionbudget/storage
 pkg/registry/policy/rest
-pkg/registry/rbac
 pkg/registry/rbac/clusterrole
 pkg/registry/rbac/clusterrole/policybased
 pkg/registry/rbac/clusterrolebinding

pkg/kubectl/cmd/create/create_role.go

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ var (
 		kubectl create role foo --verb=get,list,watch --resource=pods,pods/status`))
 
 	// Valid resource verb list for validation.
-	validResourceVerbs = []string{"*", "get", "delete", "list", "create", "update", "patch", "watch", "proxy", "deletecollection", "use", "bind", "impersonate"}
+	validResourceVerbs = []string{"*", "get", "delete", "list", "create", "update", "patch", "watch", "proxy", "deletecollection", "use", "bind", "escalate", "impersonate"}
 
 	// Specialized verbs and GroupResources
 	specialVerbs = map[string][]schema.GroupResource{
@@ -74,6 +74,16 @@ var (
 				Resource: "clusterroles",
 			},
 		},
+		"escalate": {
+			{
+				Group:    "rbac.authorization.k8s.io",
+				Resource: "roles",
+			},
+			{
+				Group:    "rbac.authorization.k8s.io",
+				Resource: "clusterroles",
+			},
+		},
 		"impersonate": {
 			{
 				Group:    "",

pkg/registry/rbac/BUILD

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ go_library(
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/conversion:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authentication/user:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer:go_default_library",

pkg/registry/rbac/clusterrole/policybased/BUILD

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
 load(
     "@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl",
     "go_library",
+    "go_test",
 )
 
 go_library(
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/registry/rbac/validation:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest:go_default_library",
     ],
 )
@@ -32,3 +34,22 @@ filegroup(
     srcs = [":package-srcs"],
     tags = ["automanaged"],
 )
+
+go_test(
+    name = "go_default_test",
+    srcs = ["storage_test.go"],
+    embed = [":go_default_library"],
+    deps = [
+        "//pkg/apis/rbac:go_default_library",
+        "//pkg/apis/rbac/install:go_default_library",
+        "//pkg/registry/rbac/validation:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/api/rbac/v1:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authentication/user:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/endpoints/request:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest:go_default_library",
+    ],
+)

pkg/registry/rbac/clusterrole/policybased/storage.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer"
 	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest"
 	kapihelper "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/core/helper"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/rbac"
@@ -35,11 +36,13 @@ var groupResource = rbac.Resource("clusterroles")
 type Storage struct {
 	rest.StandardStorage
 
+	authorizer authorizer.Authorizer
+
 	ruleResolver rbacregistryvalidation.AuthorizationRuleResolver
 }
 
-func NewStorage(s rest.StandardStorage, ruleResolver rbacregistryvalidation.AuthorizationRuleResolver) *Storage {
+func NewStorage(s rest.StandardStorage, authorizer authorizer.Authorizer, ruleResolver rbacregistryvalidation.AuthorizationRuleResolver) *Storage {
-	return &Storage{s, ruleResolver}
+	return &Storage{s, authorizer, ruleResolver}
 }
 
 func (r *Storage) NamespaceScoped() bool {
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ var fullAuthority = []rbac.PolicyRule{
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Create(ctx context.Context, obj runtime.Object, createValidatingAdmission rest.ValidateObjectFunc, includeUninitialized bool) (runtime.Object, error) {
-	if rbacregistry.EscalationAllowed(ctx) {
+	if rbacregistry.EscalationAllowed(ctx) || rbacregistry.RoleEscalationAuthorized(ctx, s.authorizer) {
 		return s.StandardStorage.Create(ctx, obj, createValidatingAdmission, includeUninitialized)
 	}
 
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ func (s *Storage) Create(ctx context.Context, obj runtime.Object, createValidati
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Update(ctx context.Context, name string, obj rest.UpdatedObjectInfo, createValidation rest.ValidateObjectFunc, updateValidation rest.ValidateObjectUpdateFunc) (runtime.Object, bool, error) {
-	if rbacregistry.EscalationAllowed(ctx) {
+	if rbacregistry.EscalationAllowed(ctx) || rbacregistry.RoleEscalationAuthorized(ctx, s.authorizer) {
 		return s.StandardStorage.Update(ctx, name, obj, createValidation, updateValidation)
 	}
 

pkg/registry/rbac/clusterrole/policybased/storage_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2018 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package policybased
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	rbacv1 "k8s.io/api/rbac/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authentication/user"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/endpoints/request"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/rbac"
+	_ "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/rbac/install"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/registry/rbac/validation"
+)
+
+func TestEscalation(t *testing.T) {
+	createContext := request.WithRequestInfo(request.WithNamespace(context.TODO(), ""), &request.RequestInfo{
+		IsResourceRequest: true,
+		Verb:              "create",
+		APIGroup:          "rbac.authorization.k8s.io",
+		APIVersion:        "v1",
+		Resource:          "clusterroles",
+		Name:              "",
+	})
+	updateContext := request.WithRequestInfo(request.WithNamespace(context.TODO(), ""), &request.RequestInfo{
+		IsResourceRequest: true,
+		Verb:              "update",
+		APIGroup:          "rbac.authorization.k8s.io",
+		APIVersion:        "v1",
+		Resource:          "clusterroles",
+		Name:              "myrole",
+	})
+
+	superuser := &user.DefaultInfo{Name: "superuser", Groups: []string{"system:masters"}}
+	bob := &user.DefaultInfo{Name: "bob"}
+	steve := &user.DefaultInfo{Name: "steve"}
+	alice := &user.DefaultInfo{Name: "alice"}
+
+	authzCalled := 0
+	fakeStorage := &fakeStorage{}
+	fakeAuthorizer := authorizer.AuthorizerFunc(func(attr authorizer.Attributes) (authorizer.Decision, string, error) {
+		authzCalled++
+		if attr.GetUser().GetName() == "steve" {
+			return authorizer.DecisionAllow, "", nil
+		}
+		return authorizer.DecisionNoOpinion, "", nil
+	})
+	fakeRuleResolver, _ := validation.NewTestRuleResolver(
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		[]*rbacv1.ClusterRole{{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "alice-role"}, Rules: []rbacv1.PolicyRule{{APIGroups: []string{"*"}, Resources: []string{"*"}, Verbs: []string{"*"}}}}},
+		[]*rbacv1.ClusterRoleBinding{{RoleRef: rbacv1.RoleRef{Name: "alice-role", APIGroup: "rbac.authorization.k8s.io", Kind: "ClusterRole"}, Subjects: []rbacv1.Subject{{Name: "alice", Kind: "User", APIGroup: "rbac.authorization.k8s.io"}}}},
+	)
+
+	role := &rbac.ClusterRole{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "myrole", Namespace: ""},
+		Rules:      []rbac.PolicyRule{{APIGroups: []string{""}, Verbs: []string{"get"}, Resources: []string{"pods"}}},
+	}
+
+	s := NewStorage(fakeStorage, fakeAuthorizer, fakeRuleResolver)
+
+	testcases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		user          user.Info
+		expectAllowed bool
+		expectAuthz   bool
+	}{
+		// superuser doesn't even trigger an authz check, and is allowed
+		{
+			name:          "superuser",
+			user:          superuser,
+			expectAuthz:   false,
+			expectAllowed: true,
+		},
+		// bob triggers an authz check, is disallowed by the authorizer, and has no RBAC permissions, so is not allowed
+		{
+			name:          "bob",
+			user:          bob,
+			expectAuthz:   true,
+			expectAllowed: false,
+		},
+		// steve triggers an authz check, is allowed by the authorizer, and has no RBAC permissions, but is still allowed
+		{
+			name:          "steve",
+			user:          steve,
+			expectAuthz:   true,
+			expectAllowed: true,
+		},
+		// alice triggers an authz check, is denied by the authorizer, but has RBAC permissions in the fakeRuleResolver, so is allowed
+		{
+			name:          "alice",
+			user:          alice,
+			expectAuthz:   true,
+			expectAllowed: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testcases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			authzCalled, fakeStorage.created, fakeStorage.updated = 0, 0, 0
+			_, err := s.Create(request.WithUser(createContext, tc.user), role, nil, false)
+
+			if tc.expectAllowed {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Error(err)
+					return
+				}
+				if fakeStorage.created != 1 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected calls to underlying storage.Create: %d", fakeStorage.created)
+					return
+				}
+			} else {
+				if !errors.IsForbidden(err) {
+					t.Errorf("expected forbidden, got %v", err)
+					return
+				}
+				if fakeStorage.created != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected calls to underlying storage.Create: %d", fakeStorage.created)
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			if tc.expectAuthz != (authzCalled > 0) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected authz=%v, saw %d calls", tc.expectAuthz, authzCalled)
+			}
+
+			authzCalled, fakeStorage.created, fakeStorage.updated = 0, 0, 0
+			_, _, err = s.Update(request.WithUser(updateContext, tc.user), role.Name, rest.DefaultUpdatedObjectInfo(role), nil, nil)
+
+			if tc.expectAllowed {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Error(err)
+					return
+				}
+				if fakeStorage.updated != 1 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected calls to underlying storage.Update: %d", fakeStorage.updated)
+					return
+				}
+			} else {
+				if !errors.IsForbidden(err) {
+					t.Errorf("expected forbidden, got %v", err)
+					return
+				}
+				if fakeStorage.updated != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected calls to underlying storage.Update: %d", fakeStorage.updated)
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			if tc.expectAuthz != (authzCalled > 0) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected authz=%v, saw %d calls", tc.expectAuthz, authzCalled)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type fakeStorage struct {
+	updated int
+	created int
+	rest.StandardStorage
+}
+
+func (f *fakeStorage) Create(ctx context.Context, obj runtime.Object, createValidation rest.ValidateObjectFunc, includeUninitialized bool) (runtime.Object, error) {
+	f.created++
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeStorage) Update(ctx context.Context, name string, objInfo rest.UpdatedObjectInfo, createValidation rest.ValidateObjectFunc, updateValidation rest.ValidateObjectUpdateFunc) (runtime.Object, bool, error) {
+	obj, err := objInfo.UpdatedObject(ctx, &rbac.ClusterRole{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return obj, false, err
+	}
+	f.updated++
+	return nil, false, nil
+}

pkg/registry/rbac/escalation_check.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
 	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authentication/user"
 	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer"
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/rbac"
 )
 
+// EscalationAllowed checks if the user associated with the context is a superuser
 func EscalationAllowed(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	u, ok := genericapirequest.UserFrom(ctx)
 	if !ok {
@@ -44,6 +46,56 @@ func EscalationAllowed(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+var roleResources = map[schema.GroupResource]bool{
+	rbac.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("clusterroles").GroupResource(): true,
+	rbac.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("roles").GroupResource():        true,
+}
+
+// RoleEscalationAuthorized checks if the user associated with the context is explicitly authorized to escalate the role resource associated with the context
+func RoleEscalationAuthorized(ctx context.Context, a authorizer.Authorizer) bool {
+	if a == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	user, ok := genericapirequest.UserFrom(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	requestInfo, ok := genericapirequest.RequestInfoFrom(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !requestInfo.IsResourceRequest {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	requestResource := schema.GroupResource{Group: requestInfo.APIGroup, Resource: requestInfo.Resource}
+	if !roleResources[requestResource] {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	attrs := authorizer.AttributesRecord{
+		User:            user,
+		Verb:            "escalate",
+		APIGroup:        requestInfo.APIGroup,
+		Resource:        requestInfo.Resource,
+		Name:            requestInfo.Name,
+		Namespace:       requestInfo.Namespace,
+		ResourceRequest: true,
+	}
+
+	decision, _, err := a.Authorize(attrs)
+	if err != nil {
+		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf(
+			"error authorizing user %#v to escalate %#v named %q in namespace %q: %v",
+			user, requestResource, requestInfo.Name, requestInfo.Namespace, err,
+		))
+	}
+	return decision == authorizer.DecisionAllow
+}
+
 // BindingAuthorized returns true if the user associated with the context is explicitly authorized to bind the specified roleRef
 func BindingAuthorized(ctx context.Context, roleRef rbac.RoleRef, bindingNamespace string, a authorizer.Authorizer) bool {
 	if a == nil {

pkg/registry/rbac/rest/storage_rbac.go

@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ func (p RESTStorageProvider) storage(version schema.GroupVersion, apiResourceCon
 	)
 
 	// roles
-	storage["roles"] = rolepolicybased.NewStorage(rolesStorage, authorizationRuleResolver)
+	storage["roles"] = rolepolicybased.NewStorage(rolesStorage, p.Authorizer, authorizationRuleResolver)
 
 	// rolebindings
 	storage["rolebindings"] = rolebindingpolicybased.NewStorage(roleBindingsStorage, p.Authorizer, authorizationRuleResolver)
 
 	// clusterroles
-	storage["clusterroles"] = clusterrolepolicybased.NewStorage(clusterRolesStorage, authorizationRuleResolver)
+	storage["clusterroles"] = clusterrolepolicybased.NewStorage(clusterRolesStorage, p.Authorizer, authorizationRuleResolver)
 
 	// clusterrolebindings
 	storage["clusterrolebindings"] = clusterrolebindingpolicybased.NewStorage(clusterRoleBindingsStorage, p.Authorizer, authorizationRuleResolver)

pkg/registry/rbac/role/policybased/BUILD

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
 load(
     "@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl",
     "go_library",
+    "go_test",
 )
 
 go_library(
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/registry/rbac/validation:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer:go_default_library",
         "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest:go_default_library",
     ],
 )
@@ -32,3 +34,22 @@ filegroup(
     srcs = [":package-srcs"],
     tags = ["automanaged"],
 )
+
+go_test(
+    name = "go_default_test",
+    srcs = ["storage_test.go"],
+    embed = [":go_default_library"],
+    deps = [
+        "//pkg/apis/rbac:go_default_library",
+        "//pkg/apis/rbac/install:go_default_library",
+        "//pkg/registry/rbac/validation:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/api/rbac/v1:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authentication/user:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/endpoints/request:go_default_library",
+        "//vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest:go_default_library",
+    ],
+)

pkg/registry/rbac/role/policybased/storage.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer"
 	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest"
 	kapihelper "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/core/helper"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/rbac"
@@ -34,11 +35,13 @@ var groupResource = rbac.Resource("roles")
 type Storage struct {
 	rest.StandardStorage
 
+	authorizer authorizer.Authorizer
+
 	ruleResolver rbacregistryvalidation.AuthorizationRuleResolver
 }
 
-func NewStorage(s rest.StandardStorage, ruleResolver rbacregistryvalidation.AuthorizationRuleResolver) *Storage {
+func NewStorage(s rest.StandardStorage, authorizer authorizer.Authorizer, ruleResolver rbacregistryvalidation.AuthorizationRuleResolver) *Storage {
-	return &Storage{s, ruleResolver}
+	return &Storage{s, authorizer, ruleResolver}
 }
 
 func (r *Storage) NamespaceScoped() bool {
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ func (r *Storage) NamespaceScoped() bool {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Create(ctx context.Context, obj runtime.Object, createValidation rest.ValidateObjectFunc, includeUninitialized bool) (runtime.Object, error) {
-	if rbacregistry.EscalationAllowed(ctx) {
+	if rbacregistry.EscalationAllowed(ctx) || rbacregistry.RoleEscalationAuthorized(ctx, s.authorizer) {
 		return s.StandardStorage.Create(ctx, obj, createValidation, includeUninitialized)
 	}
 
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ func (s *Storage) Create(ctx context.Context, obj runtime.Object, createValidati
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Update(ctx context.Context, name string, obj rest.UpdatedObjectInfo, createValidation rest.ValidateObjectFunc, updateValidation rest.ValidateObjectUpdateFunc) (runtime.Object, bool, error) {
-	if rbacregistry.EscalationAllowed(ctx) {
+	if rbacregistry.EscalationAllowed(ctx) || rbacregistry.RoleEscalationAuthorized(ctx, s.authorizer) {
 		return s.StandardStorage.Update(ctx, name, obj, createValidation, updateValidation)
 	}
 

pkg/registry/rbac/role/policybased/storage_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2018 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package policybased
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	rbacv1 "k8s.io/api/rbac/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authentication/user"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authorization/authorizer"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/endpoints/request"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/rbac"
+	_ "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/rbac/install"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/registry/rbac/validation"
+)
+
+func TestEscalation(t *testing.T) {
+	createContext := request.WithRequestInfo(request.WithNamespace(context.TODO(), "myns"), &request.RequestInfo{
+		IsResourceRequest: true,
+		Verb:              "create",
+		APIGroup:          "rbac.authorization.k8s.io",
+		APIVersion:        "v1",
+		Namespace:         "myns",
+		Resource:          "roles",
+		Name:              "",
+	})
+	updateContext := request.WithRequestInfo(request.WithNamespace(context.TODO(), "myns"), &request.RequestInfo{
+		IsResourceRequest: true,
+		Verb:              "update",
+		APIGroup:          "rbac.authorization.k8s.io",
+		APIVersion:        "v1",
+		Namespace:         "myns",
+		Resource:          "roles",
+		Name:              "myrole",
+	})
+
+	superuser := &user.DefaultInfo{Name: "superuser", Groups: []string{"system:masters"}}
+	bob := &user.DefaultInfo{Name: "bob"}
+	steve := &user.DefaultInfo{Name: "steve"}
+	alice := &user.DefaultInfo{Name: "alice"}
+
+	authzCalled := 0
+	fakeStorage := &fakeStorage{}
+	fakeAuthorizer := authorizer.AuthorizerFunc(func(attr authorizer.Attributes) (authorizer.Decision, string, error) {
+		authzCalled++
+		if attr.GetUser().GetName() == "steve" {
+			return authorizer.DecisionAllow, "", nil
+		}
+		return authorizer.DecisionNoOpinion, "", nil
+	})
+	fakeRuleResolver, _ := validation.NewTestRuleResolver(
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		[]*rbacv1.ClusterRole{{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "alice-role"}, Rules: []rbacv1.PolicyRule{{APIGroups: []string{"*"}, Resources: []string{"*"}, Verbs: []string{"*"}}}}},
+		[]*rbacv1.ClusterRoleBinding{{RoleRef: rbacv1.RoleRef{Name: "alice-role", APIGroup: "rbac.authorization.k8s.io", Kind: "ClusterRole"}, Subjects: []rbacv1.Subject{{Name: "alice", Kind: "User", APIGroup: "rbac.authorization.k8s.io"}}}},
+	)
+
+	role := &rbac.Role{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "myrole", Namespace: "myns"},
+		Rules:      []rbac.PolicyRule{{APIGroups: []string{""}, Verbs: []string{"get"}, Resources: []string{"pods"}}},
+	}
+
+	s := NewStorage(fakeStorage, fakeAuthorizer, fakeRuleResolver)
+
+	testcases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		user          user.Info
+		expectAllowed bool
+		expectAuthz   bool
+	}{
+		// superuser doesn't even trigger an authz check, and is allowed
+		{
+			name:          "superuser",
+			user:          superuser,
+			expectAuthz:   false,
+			expectAllowed: true,
+		},
+		// bob triggers an authz check, is disallowed by the authorizer, and has no RBAC permissions, so is not allowed
+		{
+			name:          "bob",
+			user:          bob,
+			expectAuthz:   true,
+			expectAllowed: false,
+		},
+		// steve triggers an authz check, is allowed by the authorizer, and has no RBAC permissions, but is still allowed
+		{
+			name:          "steve",
+			user:          steve,
+			expectAuthz:   true,
+			expectAllowed: true,
+		},
+		// alice triggers an authz check, is denied by the authorizer, but has RBAC permissions in the fakeRuleResolver, so is allowed
+		{
+			name:          "alice",
+			user:          alice,
+			expectAuthz:   true,
+			expectAllowed: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testcases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			authzCalled, fakeStorage.created, fakeStorage.updated = 0, 0, 0
+			_, err := s.Create(request.WithUser(createContext, tc.user), role, nil, false)
+
+			if tc.expectAllowed {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Error(err)
+					return
+				}
+				if fakeStorage.created != 1 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected calls to underlying storage.Create: %d", fakeStorage.created)
+					return
+				}
+			} else {
+				if !errors.IsForbidden(err) {
+					t.Errorf("expected forbidden, got %v", err)
+					return
+				}
+				if fakeStorage.created != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected calls to underlying storage.Create: %d", fakeStorage.created)
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			if tc.expectAuthz != (authzCalled > 0) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected authz=%v, saw %d calls", tc.expectAuthz, authzCalled)
+			}
+
+			authzCalled, fakeStorage.created, fakeStorage.updated = 0, 0, 0
+			_, _, err = s.Update(request.WithUser(updateContext, tc.user), role.Name, rest.DefaultUpdatedObjectInfo(role), nil, nil)
+
+			if tc.expectAllowed {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Error(err)
+					return
+				}
+				if fakeStorage.updated != 1 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected calls to underlying storage.Update: %d", fakeStorage.updated)
+					return
+				}
+			} else {
+				if !errors.IsForbidden(err) {
+					t.Errorf("expected forbidden, got %v", err)
+					return
+				}
+				if fakeStorage.updated != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected calls to underlying storage.Update: %d", fakeStorage.updated)
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			if tc.expectAuthz != (authzCalled > 0) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected authz=%v, saw %d calls", tc.expectAuthz, authzCalled)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type fakeStorage struct {
+	updated int
+	created int
+	rest.StandardStorage
+}
+
+func (f *fakeStorage) Create(ctx context.Context, obj runtime.Object, createValidation rest.ValidateObjectFunc, includeUninitialized bool) (runtime.Object, error) {
+	f.created++
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeStorage) Update(ctx context.Context, name string, objInfo rest.UpdatedObjectInfo, createValidation rest.ValidateObjectFunc, updateValidation rest.ValidateObjectUpdateFunc) (runtime.Object, bool, error) {
+	obj, err := objInfo.UpdatedObject(ctx, &rbac.Role{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return obj, false, err
+	}
+	f.updated++
+	return nil, false, nil
+}