diff --git a/bin/fail2ban-client b/bin/fail2ban-client
index 19e76a98..f5ae7946 100755
--- a/bin/fail2ban-client
+++ b/bin/fail2ban-client
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ __author__ = "Fail2Ban Developers"
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Cyril Jaquier, 2012-2014 Yaroslav Halchenko, 2014-2016 Serg G. Brester"
 __license__ = "GPL"
 
-from fail2ban.client.fail2banclient import exec_command_line
+from fail2ban.client.fail2banclient import exec_command_line, sys
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-	exec_command_line()
+	exec_command_line(sys.argv)
diff --git a/bin/fail2ban-server b/bin/fail2ban-server
index 8e64d865..ffafabe2 100755
--- a/bin/fail2ban-server
+++ b/bin/fail2ban-server
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ __author__ = "Fail2Ban Developers"
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Cyril Jaquier, 2012-2014 Yaroslav Halchenko, 2014-2016 Serg G. Brester"
 __license__ = "GPL"
 
-from fail2ban.client.fail2banserver import exec_command_line
+from fail2ban.client.fail2banserver import exec_command_line, sys
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-	exec_command_line()
+	exec_command_line(sys.argv)
diff --git a/fail2ban/client/fail2banclient.py b/fail2ban/client/fail2banclient.py
index 7adbab95..736f8fd2 100755
--- a/fail2ban/client/fail2banclient.py
+++ b/fail2ban/client/fail2banclient.py
@@ -28,12 +28,20 @@ import socket
 import sys
 import time
 
+import threading
 from threading import Thread
 
 from ..version import version
 from .csocket import CSocket
 from .beautifier import Beautifier
-from .fail2bancmdline import Fail2banCmdLine, logSys, exit
+from .fail2bancmdline import Fail2banCmdLine, ExitException, logSys, exit, output
+
+MAX_WAITTIME = 30
+
+
+def _thread_name():
+	return threading.current_thread().__class__.__name__
+
 
 ##
 #
@@ -51,13 +59,13 @@ class Fail2banClient(Fail2banCmdLine, Thread):
 		self._beautifier = None
 
 	def dispInteractive(self):
-		print "Fail2Ban v" + version + " reads log file that contains password failure report"
-		print "and bans the corresponding IP addresses using firewall rules."
-		print
+		output("Fail2Ban v" + version + " reads log file that contains password failure report")
+		output("and bans the corresponding IP addresses using firewall rules.")
+		output("")
 
 	def __sigTERMhandler(self, signum, frame):
 		# Print a new line because we probably come from wait
-		print
+		output("")
 		logSys.warning("Caught signal %d. Exiting" % signum)
 		exit(-1)
 
@@ -85,11 +93,11 @@ class Fail2banClient(Fail2banCmdLine, Thread):
 					if ret[0] == 0:
 						logSys.debug("OK : " + `ret[1]`)
 						if showRet or c[0] == 'echo':
-							print beautifier.beautify(ret[1])
+							output(beautifier.beautify(ret[1]))
 					else:
 						logSys.error("NOK: " + `ret[1].args`)
 						if showRet:
-							print beautifier.beautifyError(ret[1])
+							output(beautifier.beautifyError(ret[1]))
 						streamRet = False
 				except socket.error:
 					if showRet or self._conf["verbose"] > 1:
@@ -182,10 +190,13 @@ class Fail2banClient(Fail2banCmdLine, Thread):
 				# Start server direct here in main thread (not fork):
 				self._server = Fail2banServer.startServerDirect(self._conf, False)
 
+		except ExitException:
+			pass
 		except Exception as e:
-			print
-			logSys.error("Exception while starting server foreground")
+			output("")
+			logSys.error("Exception while starting server " + ("background" if background else "foreground"))
 			logSys.error(e)
+			return False
 		finally:
 			self._alive = False
 
@@ -229,18 +240,18 @@ class Fail2banClient(Fail2banCmdLine, Thread):
 		elif len(cmd) == 1 and cmd[0] == "restart":
 
 			if self._conf.get("interactive", False):
-				print('  ## stop ... ')
+				output('  ## stop ... ')
 			self.__processCommand(['stop'])
 			self.__waitOnServer(False)
 			# in interactive mode reset config, to make full-reload if there something changed:
 			if self._conf.get("interactive", False):
-				print('  ## load configuration ... ')
+				output('  ## load configuration ... ')
 				self.resetConf()
 				ret = self.initCmdLine(self._argv)
 				if ret is not None:
 					return ret
 			if self._conf.get("interactive", False):
-				print('  ## start ... ')
+				output('  ## start ... ')
 			return self.__processCommand(['start'])
 
 		elif len(cmd) >= 1 and cmd[0] == "reload":
@@ -283,7 +294,9 @@ class Fail2banClient(Fail2banCmdLine, Thread):
 			return False
 		return True
 
-	def __waitOnServer(self, alive=True, maxtime=30):
+	def __waitOnServer(self, alive=True, maxtime=None):
+		if maxtime is None:
+			maxtime = MAX_WAITTIME
 		# Wait for the server to start (the server has 30 seconds to answer ping)
 		starttime = time.time()
 		with VisualWait(self._conf["verbose"]) as vis:
@@ -301,53 +314,59 @@ class Fail2banClient(Fail2banCmdLine, Thread):
 
 	def start(self, argv):
 		# Install signal handlers
-		signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, self.__sigTERMhandler)
-		signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self.__sigTERMhandler)
-
-		# Command line options
-		if self._argv is None:
-			ret = self.initCmdLine(argv)
-			if ret is not None:
-				return ret
-
-		# Commands
-		args = self._args
-
-		# Interactive mode
-		if self._conf.get("interactive", False):
-			try:
-				import readline
-			except ImportError:
-				logSys.error("Readline not available")
-				return False
-			try:
-				ret = True
-				if len(args) > 0:
-					ret = self.__processCommand(args)
-				if ret:
-					readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
-					self.dispInteractive()
-					while True:
-						cmd = raw_input(self.PROMPT)
-						if cmd == "exit" or cmd == "quit":
-							# Exit
-							return True
-						if cmd == "help":
-							self.dispUsage()
-						elif not cmd == "":
-							try:
-								self.__processCommand(shlex.split(cmd))
-							except Exception, e:
-								logSys.error(e)
-			except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
-				print
-				return True
-		# Single command mode
-		else:
-			if len(args) < 1:
-				self.dispUsage()
-				return False
-			return self.__processCommand(args)
+		_prev_signals = {}
+		if _thread_name() == '_MainThread':
+			for s in (signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIGINT):
+				_prev_signals[s] = signal.getsignal(s)
+				signal.signal(s, self.__sigTERMhandler)
+		try:
+			# Command line options
+			if self._argv is None:
+				ret = self.initCmdLine(argv)
+				if ret is not None:
+					return ret
+
+			# Commands
+			args = self._args
+
+			# Interactive mode
+			if self._conf.get("interactive", False):
+				try:
+					import readline
+				except ImportError:
+					logSys.error("Readline not available")
+					return False
+				try:
+					ret = True
+					if len(args) > 0:
+						ret = self.__processCommand(args)
+					if ret:
+						readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
+						self.dispInteractive()
+						while True:
+							cmd = raw_input(self.PROMPT)
+							if cmd == "exit" or cmd == "quit":
+								# Exit
+								return True
+							if cmd == "help":
+								self.dispUsage()
+							elif not cmd == "":
+								try:
+									self.__processCommand(shlex.split(cmd))
+								except Exception, e:
+									logSys.error(e)
+				except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
+					output("")
+					return True
+			# Single command mode
+			else:
+				if len(args) < 1:
+					self.dispUsage()
+					return False
+				return self.__processCommand(args)
+		finally:
+			for s, sh in _prev_signals.iteritems():
+				signal.signal(s, sh)
 
 
 class ServerExecutionException(Exception):
@@ -361,7 +380,8 @@ class ServerExecutionException(Exception):
 class _VisualWait:
 	pos = 0
 	delta = 1
-	maxpos = 10
+	def __init__(self, maxpos=10):
+		self.maxpos = maxpos
 	def __enter__(self):
 		return self
 	def __exit__(self, *args):
@@ -390,14 +410,14 @@ class _NotVisualWait:
 	def heartbeat(self):
 		pass
 
-def VisualWait(verbose):
-	return _VisualWait() if verbose > 1 else _NotVisualWait()
+def VisualWait(verbose, *args, **kwargs):
+	return _VisualWait(*args, **kwargs) if verbose > 1 else _NotVisualWait()
 
 
-def exec_command_line(): # pragma: no cover - can't test main
+def exec_command_line(argv):
 	client = Fail2banClient()
 	# Exit with correct return value
-	if client.start(sys.argv):
+	if client.start(argv):
 		exit(0)
 	else:
 		exit(-1)
diff --git a/fail2ban/client/fail2bancmdline.py b/fail2ban/client/fail2bancmdline.py
index e23f9b19..2ed6a499 100644
--- a/fail2ban/client/fail2bancmdline.py
+++ b/fail2ban/client/fail2bancmdline.py
@@ -33,7 +33,12 @@ from ..helpers import getLogger
 # Gets the instance of the logger.
 logSys = getLogger("fail2ban")
 
+def output(s):
+	print(s)
+
 CONFIG_PARAMS = ("socket", "pidfile", "logtarget", "loglevel", "syslogsocket",)
+# Used to signal - we are in test cases (ex: prevents change logging params, log capturing, etc)
+PRODUCTION = True
 
 
 class Fail2banCmdLine():
@@ -71,50 +76,50 @@ class Fail2banCmdLine():
 			self.__dict__[o] = obj.__dict__[o]
 
 	def dispVersion(self):
-		print "Fail2Ban v" + version
-		print
-		print "Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Cyril Jaquier, 2008- Fail2Ban Contributors"
-		print "Copyright of modifications held by their respective authors."
-		print "Licensed under the GNU General Public License v2 (GPL)."
-		print
-		print "Written by Cyril Jaquier <cyril.jaquier@fail2ban.org>."
-		print "Many contributions by Yaroslav O. Halchenko <debian@onerussian.com>."
+		output("Fail2Ban v" + version)
+		output("")
+		output("Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Cyril Jaquier, 2008- Fail2Ban Contributors")
+		output("Copyright of modifications held by their respective authors.")
+		output("Licensed under the GNU General Public License v2 (GPL).")
+		output("")
+		output("Written by Cyril Jaquier <cyril.jaquier@fail2ban.org>.")
+		output("Many contributions by Yaroslav O. Halchenko <debian@onerussian.com>.")
 
 	def dispUsage(self):
 		""" Prints Fail2Ban command line options and exits
 		"""
 		caller = os.path.basename(self._argv[0])
-		print "Usage: "+caller+" [OPTIONS]" + (" <COMMAND>" if not caller.endswith('server') else "")
-		print
-		print "Fail2Ban v" + version + " reads log file that contains password failure report"
-		print "and bans the corresponding IP addresses using firewall rules."
-		print
-		print "Options:"
-		print "    -c <DIR>                configuration directory"
-		print "    -s <FILE>               socket path"
-		print "    -p <FILE>               pidfile path"
-		print "    --loglevel <LEVEL>      logging level"
-		print "    --logtarget <FILE>|STDOUT|STDERR|SYSLOG"
-		print "    --syslogsocket auto|<FILE>"
-		print "    -d                      dump configuration. For debugging"
-		print "    -i                      interactive mode"
-		print "    -v                      increase verbosity"
-		print "    -q                      decrease verbosity"
-		print "    -x                      force execution of the server (remove socket file)"
-		print "    -b                      start server in background (default)"
-		print "    -f                      start server in foreground"
-		print "    --async                 start server in async mode (for internal usage only, don't read configuration)"
-		print "    -h, --help              display this help message"
-		print "    -V, --version           print the version"
+		output("Usage: "+caller+" [OPTIONS]" + (" <COMMAND>" if not caller.endswith('server') else ""))
+		output("")
+		output("Fail2Ban v" + version + " reads log file that contains password failure report")
+		output("and bans the corresponding IP addresses using firewall rules.")
+		output("")
+		output("Options:")
+		output("    -c <DIR>                configuration directory")
+		output("    -s <FILE>               socket path")
+		output("    -p <FILE>               pidfile path")
+		output("    --loglevel <LEVEL>      logging level")
+		output("    --logtarget <FILE>|STDOUT|STDERR|SYSLOG")
+		output("    --syslogsocket auto|<FILE>")
+		output("    -d                      dump configuration. For debugging")
+		output("    -i                      interactive mode")
+		output("    -v                      increase verbosity")
+		output("    -q                      decrease verbosity")
+		output("    -x                      force execution of the server (remove socket file)")
+		output("    -b                      start server in background (default)")
+		output("    -f                      start server in foreground")
+		output("    --async                 start server in async mode (for internal usage only, don't read configuration)")
+		output("    -h, --help              display this help message")
+		output("    -V, --version           print the version")
 		
 		if not caller.endswith('server'):
-			print
-			print "Command:"
+			output("")
+			output("Command:")
 			# Prints the protocol
 			printFormatted()
 
-		print
-		print "Report bugs to https://github.com/fail2ban/fail2ban/issues"
+		output("")
+		output("Report bugs to https://github.com/fail2ban/fail2ban/issues")
 
 	def __getCmdLineOptions(self, optList):
 		""" Gets the command line options
@@ -147,71 +152,80 @@ class Fail2banCmdLine():
 				self._conf["background"] = False
 			elif o in ["-h", "--help"]:
 				self.dispUsage()
-				exit(0)
+				return True
 			elif o in ["-V", "--version"]:
 				self.dispVersion()
-				exit(0)
+				return True
+		return None
 
 	def initCmdLine(self, argv):
-		# First time?
-		initial = (self._argv is None)
+		try:
+			# First time?
+			initial = (self._argv is None)
 
-		# Command line options
-		self._argv = argv
+			# Command line options
+			self._argv = argv
+			logSys.info("Using start params %s", argv[1:])
 
-		# Reads the command line options.
-		try:
-			cmdOpts = 'hc:s:p:xfbdviqV'
-			cmdLongOpts = ['loglevel=', 'logtarget=', 'syslogsocket=', 'async', 'help', 'version']
-			optList, self._args = getopt.getopt(self._argv[1:], cmdOpts, cmdLongOpts)
-		except getopt.GetoptError:
-			self.dispUsage()
-			exit(-1)
-
-		self.__getCmdLineOptions(optList)
-
-		if initial:
-			verbose = self._conf["verbose"]
-			if verbose <= 0:
-				logSys.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
-			elif verbose == 1:
-				logSys.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
-			elif verbose == 2:
-				logSys.setLevel(logging.INFO)
-			elif verbose == 3:
-				logSys.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
-			else:
-				logSys.setLevel(logging.HEAVYDEBUG)
-			# Add the default logging handler to dump to stderr
-			logout = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
-			# set a format which is simpler for console use
-			formatter = logging.Formatter('%(levelname)-6s %(message)s')
-			# tell the handler to use this format
-			logout.setFormatter(formatter)
-			logSys.addHandler(logout)
-
-		# Set expected parameters (like socket, pidfile, etc) from configuration,
-		# if those not yet specified, in which read configuration only if needed here:
-		conf = None
-		for o in CONFIG_PARAMS:
-			if self._conf.get(o, None) is None:
-				if not conf:
-					self.configurator.readEarly()
-					conf = self.configurator.getEarlyOptions()
-				self._conf[o] = conf[o]
-
-		logSys.info("Using socket file %s", self._conf["socket"])
-
-		logSys.info("Using pid file %s, [%s] logging to %s",
-			self._conf["pidfile"], self._conf["loglevel"], self._conf["logtarget"])
-
-		if self._conf.get("dump", False):
-			ret, stream = self.readConfig()
-			self.dumpConfig(stream)
-			return ret
-
-		# Nothing to do here, process in client/server
-		return None
+			# Reads the command line options.
+			try:
+				cmdOpts = 'hc:s:p:xfbdviqV'
+				cmdLongOpts = ['loglevel=', 'logtarget=', 'syslogsocket=', 'async', 'help', 'version']
+				optList, self._args = getopt.getopt(self._argv[1:], cmdOpts, cmdLongOpts)
+			except getopt.GetoptError:
+				self.dispUsage()
+				return False
+
+			ret = self.__getCmdLineOptions(optList)
+			if ret is not None:
+				return ret
+
+			if initial and PRODUCTION: # pragma: no cover - can't test
+				verbose = self._conf["verbose"]
+				if verbose <= 0:
+					logSys.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+				elif verbose == 1:
+					logSys.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+				elif verbose == 2:
+					logSys.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+				elif verbose == 3:
+					logSys.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+				else:
+					logSys.setLevel(logging.HEAVYDEBUG)
+				# Add the default logging handler to dump to stderr
+				logout = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
+				# set a format which is simpler for console use
+				formatter = logging.Formatter('%(levelname)-6s %(message)s')
+				# tell the handler to use this format
+				logout.setFormatter(formatter)
+				logSys.addHandler(logout)
+
+			# Set expected parameters (like socket, pidfile, etc) from configuration,
+			# if those not yet specified, in which read configuration only if needed here:
+			conf = None
+			for o in CONFIG_PARAMS:
+				if self._conf.get(o, None) is None:
+					if not conf:
+						self.configurator.readEarly()
+						conf = self.configurator.getEarlyOptions()
+					self._conf[o] = conf[o]
+
+			logSys.info("Using socket file %s", self._conf["socket"])
+
+			logSys.info("Using pid file %s, [%s] logging to %s",
+				self._conf["pidfile"], self._conf["loglevel"], self._conf["logtarget"])
+
+			if self._conf.get("dump", False):
+				ret, stream = self.readConfig()
+				self.dumpConfig(stream)
+				return ret
+
+			# Nothing to do here, process in client/server
+			return None
+		except Exception as e:
+			output("ERROR: %s" % (e,))
+			#logSys.exception(e)
+			return False
 
 	def readConfig(self, jail=None):
 		# Read the configuration
@@ -244,4 +258,8 @@ class Fail2banCmdLine():
 			sys.exit(code)
 
 # global exit handler:
-exit = Fail2banCmdLine.exit
\ No newline at end of file
+exit = Fail2banCmdLine.exit
+
+
+class ExitException:
+	pass
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/fail2ban/client/fail2banserver.py b/fail2ban/client/fail2banserver.py
index 6c1dd694..da8e57b8 100644
--- a/fail2ban/client/fail2banserver.py
+++ b/fail2ban/client/fail2banserver.py
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ from ..server.server import Server, ServerDaemonize
 from ..server.utils import Utils
 from .fail2bancmdline import Fail2banCmdLine, logSys, exit
 
+MAX_WAITTIME = 30
+
 SERVER = "fail2ban-server"
+
+
 ##
 # \mainpage Fail2Ban
 #
@@ -72,8 +76,15 @@ class Fail2banServer(Fail2banCmdLine):
 
 	@staticmethod
 	def startServerAsync(conf):
-		# Forks the current process.
-		pid = os.fork()
+		# Directory of client (to try the first start from the same directory as client):
+		startdir = sys.path[0]
+		if startdir in ("", "."): # may be uresolved in test-cases, so get bin-directory:
+			startdir = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])
+		# Forks the current process, don't fork if async specified (ex: test cases)
+		pid = 0
+		frk = not conf["async"]
+		if frk:
+			pid = os.fork()
 		if pid == 0:
 			args = list()
 			args.append(SERVER)
@@ -96,14 +107,20 @@ class Fail2banServer(Fail2banCmdLine):
 
 			try:
 				# Use the current directory.
-				exe = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(sys.path[0], SERVER))
+				exe = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(startdir, SERVER))
 				logSys.debug("Starting %r with args %r", exe, args)
-				os.execv(exe, args)
-			except OSError:
+				if frk:
+					os.execv(exe, args)
+				else:
+					os.spawnv(os.P_NOWAITO, exe, args)
+			except OSError as e:
 				try:
 					# Use the PATH env.
-					logSys.warning("Initial start attempt failed.  Starting %r with the same args", SERVER)
-					os.execvp(SERVER, args)
+					logSys.warning("Initial start attempt failed (%s). Starting %r with the same args", e, SERVER)
+					if frk:
+						os.execvp(SERVER, args)
+					else:
+						os.spawnvp(os.P_NOWAITO, SERVER, args)
 				except OSError:
 					exit(-1)
 
@@ -143,8 +160,8 @@ class Fail2banServer(Fail2banCmdLine):
 				phase = dict()
 				logSys.debug('Configure via async client thread')
 				cli.configureServer(async=True, phase=phase)
-				# wait up to 30 seconds, do not continue if configuration is not 100% valid:
-				Utils.wait_for(lambda: phase.get('ready', None) is not None, 30)
+				# wait up to MAX_WAITTIME, do not continue if configuration is not 100% valid:
+				Utils.wait_for(lambda: phase.get('ready', None) is not None, MAX_WAITTIME)
 				if not phase.get('start', False):
 					return False
 
@@ -158,7 +175,7 @@ class Fail2banServer(Fail2banCmdLine):
 
 			# wait for client answer "done":
 			if not async and cli:
-				Utils.wait_for(lambda: phase.get('done', None) is not None, 30)
+				Utils.wait_for(lambda: phase.get('done', None) is not None, MAX_WAITTIME)
 				if not phase.get('done', False):
 					if server:
 						server.quit()
@@ -179,9 +196,9 @@ class Fail2banServer(Fail2banCmdLine):
 			logSys.error("Could not start %s", SERVER)
 		exit(code)
 
-def exec_command_line(): # pragma: no cover - can't test main
+def exec_command_line(argv):
 	server = Fail2banServer()
-	if server.start(sys.argv):
+	if server.start(argv):
 		exit(0)
 	else:
 		exit(-1)
diff --git a/fail2ban/protocol.py b/fail2ban/protocol.py
index 857d5fa6..648666a1 100644
--- a/fail2ban/protocol.py
+++ b/fail2ban/protocol.py
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ __license__ = "GPL"
 
 import textwrap
 
+def output(s):
+	print(s)
+
 ##
 # Describes the protocol used to communicate with the server.
 
@@ -143,7 +146,7 @@ def printFormatted():
 	firstHeading = False
 	for m in protocol:
 		if m[0] == '' and firstHeading:
-			print
+			output("")
 		firstHeading = True
 		first = True
 		if len(m[0]) >= MARGIN:
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ def printFormatted():
 				first = False
 			else:
 				line = ' ' * (INDENT + MARGIN) + n.strip()
-			print line
+			output(line)
 
 
 ##
@@ -165,20 +168,20 @@ def printWiki():
 	for m in protocol:
 		if m[0] == '':
 			if firstHeading:
-				print "|}"
+				output("|}")
 			__printWikiHeader(m[1], m[2])
 			firstHeading = True
 		else:
-			print "|-"
-			print "| <span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><tt>" + m[0] + "</tt></span> || || " + m[1]
-	print "|}"
+			output("|-")
+			output("| <span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><tt>" + m[0] + "</tt></span> || || " + m[1])
+	output("|}")
 
 
 def __printWikiHeader(section, desc):
-	print
-	print "=== " + section + " ==="
-	print
-	print desc
-	print
-	print "{|"
-	print "| '''Command''' || || '''Description'''"
+	output("")
+	output("=== " + section + " ===")
+	output("")
+	output(desc)
+	output("")
+	output("{|")
+	output("| '''Command''' || || '''Description'''")
diff --git a/fail2ban/server/server.py b/fail2ban/server/server.py
index d7f212c8..d4786f29 100644
--- a/fail2ban/server/server.py
+++ b/fail2ban/server/server.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ __author__ = "Cyril Jaquier"
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2004 Cyril Jaquier"
 __license__ = "GPL"
 
+import threading
 from threading import Lock, RLock
 import logging
 import logging.handlers
@@ -42,6 +43,10 @@ from ..helpers import getLogger, excepthook
 # Gets the instance of the logger.
 logSys = getLogger(__name__)
 
+DEF_SYSLOGSOCKET = "auto"
+DEF_LOGLEVEL = "INFO"
+DEF_LOGTARGET = "STDOUT"
+
 try:
 	from .database import Fail2BanDb
 except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
@@ -49,6 +54,10 @@ except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
 	Fail2BanDb = None
 
 
+def _thread_name():
+	return threading.current_thread().__class__.__name__
+
+
 class Server:
 	
 	def __init__(self, daemon = False):
@@ -67,11 +76,7 @@ class Server:
 			'FreeBSD': '/var/run/log',
 			'Linux': '/dev/log',
 		}
-		# todo: remove that, if test cases are fixed
-		self.setSyslogSocket("auto")
-		# Set logging level
-		self.setLogLevel("INFO")
-		self.setLogTarget("STDOUT")
+		self.__prev_signals = {}
 
 	def __sigTERMhandler(self, signum, frame):
 		logSys.debug("Caught signal %d. Exiting" % signum)
@@ -93,9 +98,12 @@ class Server:
 				raise ServerInitializationError("Could not create daemon")
 		
 		# Set all logging parameters (or use default if not specified):
-		self.setSyslogSocket(conf.get("syslogsocket", self.__syslogSocket))
-		self.setLogLevel(conf.get("loglevel", self.__logLevel))
-		self.setLogTarget(conf.get("logtarget", self.__logTarget))
+		self.setSyslogSocket(conf.get("syslogsocket", 
+			self.__syslogSocket if self.__syslogSocket is not None else DEF_SYSLOGSOCKET))
+		self.setLogLevel(conf.get("loglevel", 
+			self.__logLevel if self.__logLevel is not None else DEF_LOGLEVEL))
+		self.setLogTarget(conf.get("logtarget", 
+			self.__logTarget if self.__logTarget is not None else DEF_LOGTARGET))
 
 		logSys.info("-"*50)
 		logSys.info("Starting Fail2ban v%s", version.version)
@@ -104,10 +112,10 @@ class Server:
 			logSys.info("Daemon started")
 
 		# Install signal handlers
-		signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, self.__sigTERMhandler)
-		signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self.__sigTERMhandler)
-		signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, self.__sigUSR1handler)
-		
+		if _thread_name() == '_MainThread':
+			for s in (signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGUSR1):
+				self.__prev_signals[s] = signal.getsignal(s)
+				signal.signal(s, self.__sigTERMhandler if s != signal.SIGUSR1 else self.__sigUSR1handler)
 		# Ensure unhandled exceptions are logged
 		sys.excepthook = excepthook
 
@@ -150,6 +158,10 @@ class Server:
 		with self.__loggingLock:
 			logging.shutdown()
 
+		# Restore default signal handlers:
+		for s, sh in self.__prev_signals.iteritems():
+			signal.signal(s, sh)
+
 	def addJail(self, name, backend):
 		self.__jails.add(name, backend, self.__db)
 		if self.__db is not None:
@@ -405,8 +417,13 @@ class Server:
 	
 	def setLogTarget(self, target):
 		with self.__loggingLock:
+			# don't set new handlers if already the same
+			# or if "INHERITED" (foreground worker of the test cases, to prevent stop logging):
 			if self.__logTarget == target:
 				return True
+			if target == "INHERITED":
+				self.__logTarget = target
+				return True
 			# set a format which is simpler for console use
 			formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(name)-24s[%(process)d]: %(levelname)-7s %(message)s")
 			if target == "SYSLOG":
@@ -549,7 +566,10 @@ class Server:
 		# We need to set this in the parent process, so it gets inherited by the
 		# child process, and this makes sure that it is effect even if the parent
 		# terminates quickly.
-		signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, signal.SIG_IGN)
+		if _thread_name() == '_MainThread':
+			for s in (signal.SIGHUP,):
+				self.__prev_signals[s] = signal.getsignal(s)
+				signal.signal(s, signal.SIG_IGN)
 
 		try:
 			# Fork a child process so the parent can exit.  This will return control
diff --git a/fail2ban/tests/fail2banclienttestcase.py b/fail2ban/tests/fail2banclienttestcase.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7db48fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fail2ban/tests/fail2banclienttestcase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+# emacs: -*- mode: python; py-indent-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
+# vi: set ft=python sts=4 ts=4 sw=4 noet :
+
+# This file is part of Fail2Ban.
+#
+# Fail2Ban is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Fail2Ban is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Fail2Ban; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+
+# Fail2Ban developers
+
+__author__ = "Serg Brester"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2014- Serg G. Brester (sebres), 2008- Fail2Ban Contributors"
+__license__ = "GPL"
+
+import fileinput
+import os
+import re
+import time
+import unittest
+
+from threading import Thread
+
+from ..client import fail2banclient, fail2banserver, fail2bancmdline
+from ..client.fail2banclient import Fail2banClient, exec_command_line as _exec_client, VisualWait
+from ..client.fail2banserver import Fail2banServer, exec_command_line as _exec_server
+from .. import protocol
+from ..server import server
+from ..server.utils import Utils
+from .utils import LogCaptureTestCase, logSys, withtmpdir, shutil, logging
+
+
+STOCK_CONF_DIR = "config"
+STOCK = os.path.exists(os.path.join(STOCK_CONF_DIR,'fail2ban.conf'))
+TEST_CONF_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "config")
+if STOCK:
+	CONF_DIR = STOCK_CONF_DIR
+else:
+	CONF_DIR = TEST_CONF_DIR
+
+CLIENT = "fail2ban-client"
+SERVER = "fail2ban-server"
+BIN = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))), "bin")
+
+MAX_WAITTIME = 10
+MAX_WAITTIME = unittest.F2B.maxWaitTime(MAX_WAITTIME)
+
+##
+# Several wrappers and settings for proper testing:
+#
+
+fail2banclient.MAX_WAITTIME = \
+fail2banserver.MAX_WAITTIME = MAX_WAITTIME
+
+
+fail2bancmdline.logSys = \
+fail2banclient.logSys = \
+fail2banserver.logSys = logSys
+
+LOG_LEVEL = logSys.level
+
+server.DEF_LOGTARGET = "/dev/null"
+
+def _test_output(*args):
+	logSys.info(args[0])
+fail2bancmdline.output = \
+fail2banclient.output = \
+fail2banserver.output = \
+protocol.output = _test_output
+
+def _test_exit(code=0):
+	logSys.debug("Exit with code %s", code)
+	if code == 0:
+		raise ExitException()
+	else:
+		raise FailExitException()   
+fail2bancmdline.exit = \
+fail2banclient.exit = \
+fail2banserver.exit = _test_exit
+
+INTERACT = []
+def _test_raw_input(*args):
+	if len(INTERACT):
+		#print('--- interact command: ', INTERACT[0])
+		return INTERACT.pop(0)
+	else:
+		return "exit" 
+fail2banclient.raw_input = _test_raw_input
+
+# prevents change logging params, log capturing, etc:
+fail2bancmdline.PRODUCTION = False
+
+
+class ExitException(fail2bancmdline.ExitException):
+	pass
+class FailExitException(fail2bancmdline.ExitException):
+	pass
+
+
+def _out_file(fn): # pragma: no cover
+	logSys.debug('---- ' + fn + ' ----')
+	for line in fileinput.input(fn):
+		line = line.rstrip('\n')
+		logSys.debug(line)
+	logSys.debug('-'*30)
+
+def _start_params(tmp, use_stock=False, logtarget="/dev/null"):
+	cfg = tmp+"/config"
+	if use_stock and STOCK:
+		# copy config:
+		def ig_dirs(dir, files):
+			return [f for f in files if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(dir, f))]
+		shutil.copytree(STOCK_CONF_DIR, cfg, ignore=ig_dirs)
+		os.symlink(STOCK_CONF_DIR+"/action.d", cfg+"/action.d")
+		os.symlink(STOCK_CONF_DIR+"/filter.d", cfg+"/filter.d")
+		# replace fail2ban params (database with memory):
+		r = re.compile(r'^dbfile\s*=')
+		for line in fileinput.input(cfg+"/fail2ban.conf", inplace=True):
+			line = line.rstrip('\n')
+			if r.match(line):
+				line = "dbfile = :memory:"
+			print(line)
+		# replace jail params (polling as backend to be fast in initialize):
+		r = re.compile(r'^backend\s*=')
+		for line in fileinput.input(cfg+"/jail.conf", inplace=True):
+			line = line.rstrip('\n')
+			if r.match(line):
+				line = "backend = polling"
+			print(line)
+	else:
+		# just empty config directory without anything (only fail2ban.conf/jail.conf):
+		os.mkdir(cfg)
+		f = open(cfg+"/fail2ban.conf", "wb")
+		f.write('\n'.join((
+			"[Definition]",
+			"loglevel = INFO",
+			"logtarget = " + logtarget,
+			"syslogsocket = auto",
+			"socket = "+tmp+"/f2b.sock",
+			"pidfile = "+tmp+"/f2b.pid",
+			"backend = polling",
+			"dbfile = :memory:",
+			"dbpurgeage = 1d",
+			"",
+		)))
+		f.close()
+		f = open(cfg+"/jail.conf", "wb")
+		f.write('\n'.join((
+			"[INCLUDES]", "",
+			"[DEFAULT]", "",
+			"",
+		)))
+		f.close()
+		if LOG_LEVEL < logging.DEBUG: # if HEAVYDEBUG
+			_out_file(cfg+"/fail2ban.conf")
+			_out_file(cfg+"/jail.conf")
+	# parameters:
+	return ("-c", cfg, 
+					"--logtarget", logtarget, "--loglevel", "DEBUG", "--syslogsocket", "auto",
+					"-s", tmp+"/f2b.sock", "-p", tmp+"/f2b.pid")
+
+
+class Fail2banClientTest(LogCaptureTestCase):
+
+	def setUp(self):
+		"""Call before every test case."""
+		LogCaptureTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+	def tearDown(self):
+		"""Call after every test case."""
+		LogCaptureTestCase.tearDown(self)
+
+	def testClientUsage(self):
+		self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+			(CLIENT, "-h",))
+		self.assertLogged("Usage: " + CLIENT)
+		self.assertLogged("Report bugs to ")
+
+	@withtmpdir
+	def testClientStartBackgroundInside(self, tmp):
+		# always add "--async" by start inside, should don't fork by async (not replace client with server, just start in new process)
+		# (we can't fork the test cases process):
+		startparams = _start_params(tmp, True)
+		# start:
+		self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+			(CLIENT, "--async", "-b") + startparams + ("start",))
+		self.assertLogged("Server ready")
+		self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+		try:
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("echo", "TEST-ECHO",))
+			self.assertRaises(FailExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("~~unknown~cmd~failed~~",))
+		finally:
+			self.pruneLog()
+			# stop:
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("stop",))
+			self.assertLogged("Shutdown successful")
+			self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+
+	@withtmpdir
+	def testClientStartBackgroundCall(self, tmp):
+		global INTERACT
+		startparams = _start_params(tmp)
+		# start (without async in new process):
+		cmd = os.path.join(os.path.join(BIN), CLIENT)
+		logSys.debug('Start %s ...', cmd)
+		Utils.executeCmd((cmd,) + startparams + ("start",), 
+			timeout=MAX_WAITTIME, shell=False, output=False)
+		self.pruneLog()
+		try:
+			# echo from client (inside):
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("echo", "TEST-ECHO",))
+			self.assertLogged("TEST-ECHO")
+			self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+			self.pruneLog()
+			# interactive client chat with started server:
+			INTERACT += [
+				"echo INTERACT-ECHO",
+				"status",
+				"exit"
+			]
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("-i",))
+			self.assertLogged("INTERACT-ECHO")
+			self.assertLogged("Status", "Number of jail:")
+			self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+			self.pruneLog()
+			# test reload and restart over interactive client:
+			INTERACT += [
+				"reload",
+				"restart",
+				"exit"
+			]
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("-i",))
+			self.assertLogged("Reading config files:")
+			self.assertLogged("Shutdown successful")
+			self.assertLogged("Server ready")
+			self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+			self.pruneLog()
+		finally:
+			self.pruneLog()
+			# stop:
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("stop",))
+			self.assertLogged("Shutdown successful")
+			self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+
+	def _testClientStartForeground(self, tmp, startparams, phase):
+		# start and wait to end (foreground):
+		phase['start'] = True
+		self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+			(CLIENT, "-f") + startparams + ("start",))
+		# end :
+		phase['end'] = True
+
+	@withtmpdir
+	def testClientStartForeground(self, tmp):
+		# started directly here, so prevent overwrite test cases logger with "INHERITED"
+		startparams = _start_params(tmp, logtarget="INHERITED")
+		# because foreground block execution - start it in thread:
+		phase = dict()
+		Thread(name="_TestCaseWorker", 
+			target=Fail2banClientTest._testClientStartForeground, args=(self, tmp, startparams, phase)).start()
+		try:
+			# wait for start thread:
+			Utils.wait_for(lambda: phase.get('start', None) is not None, MAX_WAITTIME)
+			self.assertTrue(phase.get('start', None))
+			# wait for server (socket):
+			Utils.wait_for(lambda: os.path.exists(tmp+"/f2b.sock"), MAX_WAITTIME)
+			self.assertLogged("Starting communication")
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("ping",))
+			self.assertRaises(FailExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("~~unknown~cmd~failed~~",))
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("echo", "TEST-ECHO",))
+		finally:
+			self.pruneLog()
+			# stop:
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_client, 
+				(CLIENT,) + startparams + ("stop",))
+			# wait for end:
+			Utils.wait_for(lambda: phase.get('end', None) is not None, MAX_WAITTIME)
+			self.assertTrue(phase.get('end', None))
+			self.assertLogged("Shutdown successful", "Exiting Fail2ban")
+			self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+
+	@withtmpdir
+	def testClientFailStart(self, tmp):
+		self.assertRaises(FailExitException, _exec_client, 
+			(CLIENT, "--async", "-c", tmp+"/miss", "start",))
+		self.assertLogged("Base configuration directory " + tmp+"/miss" + " does not exist")
+
+		self.assertRaises(FailExitException, _exec_client, 
+			(CLIENT, "--async", "-c", CONF_DIR, "-s", tmp+"/miss/f2b.sock", "start",))
+		self.assertLogged("There is no directory " + tmp+"/miss" + " to contain the socket file")
+
+	def testVisualWait(self):
+		sleeptime = 0.035
+		for verbose in (2, 0):
+			cntr = 15
+			with VisualWait(verbose, 5) as vis:
+				while cntr:
+					vis.heartbeat()
+					if verbose and not unittest.F2B.fast:
+						time.sleep(sleeptime)
+					cntr -= 1
+
+
+class Fail2banServerTest(LogCaptureTestCase):
+
+	def setUp(self):
+		"""Call before every test case."""
+		LogCaptureTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+	def tearDown(self):
+		"""Call after every test case."""
+		LogCaptureTestCase.tearDown(self)
+
+	def testServerUsage(self):
+		self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_server, 
+			(SERVER, "-h",))
+		self.assertLogged("Usage: " + SERVER)
+		self.assertLogged("Report bugs to ")
+
+	@withtmpdir
+	def testServerStartBackground(self, tmp):
+		# don't add "--async" by start, because if will fork current process by daemonize
+		# (we can't fork the test cases process),
+		# because server started internal communication in new thread use INHERITED as logtarget here:
+		startparams = _start_params(tmp, logtarget="INHERITED")
+		# start:
+		self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_server, 
+			(SERVER, "-b") + startparams)
+		self.assertLogged("Server ready")
+		self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+		try:
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_server, 
+				(SERVER,) + startparams + ("echo", "TEST-ECHO",))
+			self.assertRaises(FailExitException, _exec_server, 
+				(SERVER,) + startparams + ("~~unknown~cmd~failed~~",))
+		finally:
+			self.pruneLog()
+			# stop:
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_server, 
+				(SERVER,) + startparams + ("stop",))
+			self.assertLogged("Shutdown successful")
+			self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+
+	def _testServerStartForeground(self, tmp, startparams, phase):
+		# start and wait to end (foreground):
+		phase['start'] = True
+		self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_server, 
+			(SERVER, "-f") + startparams + ("start",))
+		# end :
+		phase['end'] = True
+	@withtmpdir
+	def testServerStartForeground(self, tmp):
+		# started directly here, so prevent overwrite test cases logger with "INHERITED"
+		startparams = _start_params(tmp, logtarget="INHERITED")
+		# because foreground block execution - start it in thread:
+		phase = dict()
+		Thread(name="_TestCaseWorker", 
+			target=Fail2banServerTest._testServerStartForeground, args=(self, tmp, startparams, phase)).start()
+		try:
+			# wait for start thread:
+			Utils.wait_for(lambda: phase.get('start', None) is not None, MAX_WAITTIME)
+			self.assertTrue(phase.get('start', None))
+			# wait for server (socket):
+			Utils.wait_for(lambda: os.path.exists(tmp+"/f2b.sock"), MAX_WAITTIME)
+			self.assertLogged("Starting communication")
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_server, 
+				(SERVER,) + startparams + ("ping",))
+			self.assertRaises(FailExitException, _exec_server, 
+				(SERVER,) + startparams + ("~~unknown~cmd~failed~~",))
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_server, 
+				(SERVER,) + startparams + ("echo", "TEST-ECHO",))
+		finally:
+			self.pruneLog()
+			# stop:
+			self.assertRaises(ExitException, _exec_server, 
+				(SERVER,) + startparams + ("stop",))
+			# wait for end:
+			Utils.wait_for(lambda: phase.get('end', None) is not None, MAX_WAITTIME)
+			self.assertTrue(phase.get('end', None))
+			self.assertLogged("Shutdown successful", "Exiting Fail2ban")
+			self.assertLogged("Exit with code 0")
+
+	@withtmpdir
+	def testServerFailStart(self, tmp):
+		self.assertRaises(FailExitException, _exec_server, 
+			(SERVER, "-c", tmp+"/miss",))
+		self.assertLogged("Base configuration directory " + tmp+"/miss" + " does not exist")
+
+		self.assertRaises(FailExitException, _exec_server, 
+			(SERVER, "-c", CONF_DIR, "-s", tmp+"/miss/f2b.sock",))
+		self.assertLogged("There is no directory " + tmp+"/miss" + " to contain the socket file")
diff --git a/fail2ban/tests/fail2banregextestcase.py b/fail2ban/tests/fail2banregextestcase.py
index 49d6a3a6..d9f4081f 100644
--- a/fail2ban/tests/fail2banregextestcase.py
+++ b/fail2ban/tests/fail2banregextestcase.py
@@ -23,19 +23,7 @@ __author__ = "Serg Brester"
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2015 Serg G. Brester (sebres), 2008- Fail2Ban Contributors"
 __license__ = "GPL"
 
-from __builtin__ import open as fopen
-import unittest
-import getpass
 import os
-import sys
-import time
-import tempfile
-import uuid
-
-try:
-	from systemd import journal
-except ImportError:
-	journal = None
 
 from ..client import fail2banregex
 from ..client.fail2banregex import Fail2banRegex, get_opt_parser, output
diff --git a/fail2ban/tests/utils.py b/fail2ban/tests/utils.py
index a0036979..e373aa5f 100644
--- a/fail2ban/tests/utils.py
+++ b/fail2ban/tests/utils.py
@@ -26,10 +26,14 @@ import logging
 import optparse
 import os
 import re
+import tempfile
+import shutil
 import sys
 import time
 import unittest
+
 from StringIO import StringIO
+from functools import wraps
 
 from ..helpers import getLogger
 from ..server.ipdns import DNSUtils
@@ -71,6 +75,17 @@ class F2B(optparse.Values):
 		return wtime
 
 
+def withtmpdir(f):
+	@wraps(f)
+	def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+		tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="f2b-temp")
+		try:
+			return f(self, tmp, *args, **kwargs)
+		finally:
+			# clean up
+			shutil.rmtree(tmp)
+	return wrapper
+
 def initTests(opts):
 	unittest.F2B = F2B(opts)
 	# --fast :
@@ -156,6 +171,7 @@ def gatherTests(regexps=None, opts=None):
 	from . import misctestcase
 	from . import databasetestcase
 	from . import samplestestcase
+	from . import fail2banclienttestcase
 	from . import fail2banregextestcase
 
 	if not regexps: # pragma: no cover
@@ -239,6 +255,9 @@ def gatherTests(regexps=None, opts=None):
 	# Filter Regex tests with sample logs
 	tests.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(samplestestcase.FilterSamplesRegex))
 
+	# bin/fail2ban-client, bin/fail2ban-server
+	tests.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(fail2banclienttestcase.Fail2banClientTest))
+	tests.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(fail2banclienttestcase.Fail2banServerTest))
 	# bin/fail2ban-regex
 	tests.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(fail2banregextestcase.Fail2banRegexTest))
 
@@ -321,8 +340,11 @@ class LogCaptureTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 		# Let's log everything into a string
 		self._log = StringIO()
 		logSys.handlers = [logging.StreamHandler(self._log)]
+		if self._old_level <= logging.DEBUG:
+			print("")
 		if self._old_level < logging.DEBUG: # so if HEAVYDEBUG etc -- show them!
 			logSys.handlers += self._old_handlers
+			logSys.debug('--'*40)
 		logSys.setLevel(getattr(logging, 'DEBUG'))
 
 	def tearDown(self):
@@ -386,6 +408,9 @@ class LogCaptureTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 	def pruneLog(self):
 		self._log.truncate(0)
 
+	def pruneLog(self):
+		self._log.truncate(0)
+
 	def getLog(self):
 		return self._log.getvalue()