consul/website/content/docs/k8s/deployment-configurations/servers-outside-kubernetes.mdx

---
layout: docs
page_title: Join Kubernetes Clusters to external Consul Servers
description: >-
  Kubernetes clusters can be joined to existing Consul clusters in a much simpler way with the introduction of Consul Dataplane. Learn how to add Kubernetes Clusters into an existing Consul cluster and bootstrap ACLs by configuring the Helm chart.
---

# Join Kubernetes Clusters to external Consul Servers

If you have a Consul cluster already running, you can configure your
Consul on Kubernetes installation to join this existing cluster.

The below `values.yaml` file shows how to configure the Helm chart to install
Consul so that it joins an existing Consul server cluster.

The `global.enabled` value first disables all chart components by default
so that each component is opt-in.

Next, configure `externalServers` to point it to Consul servers.
The `externalServers.hosts` value must be provided and should be set to a DNS, an IP,
or an `exec=` string with a command returning Consul IPs. Please see [this documentation](https://github.com/hashicorp/go-netaddrs)
on how the `exec=` string works.
Other values in the `externalServers` section are optional. Please refer to
[Helm Chart configuration](/consul/docs/k8s/helm#h-externalservers) for more details.

<CodeBlockConfig filename="values.yaml">

```yaml
global:
  enabled: false

externalServers:
  hosts: [<consul server DNS, IP or exec= string>]
```

</CodeBlockConfig>

With the introduction of [Consul Dataplane](/consul/docs/connect/dataplane#what-is-consul-dataplane), Consul installation on Kubernetes is simplified by removing the Consul Client agents.
This requires the Helm installation and rest of the consul-k8s components installed on Kubernetes to talk to Consul Servers directly on various ports.
Before starting the installation, ensure that the Consul Servers are configured to have the gRPC port enabled `8502/tcp` using the [`ports.grpc = 8502`](/consul/docs/agent/config/config-files#grpc) configuration option.


## Configuring TLS

-> **Note:** Consul on Kubernetes currently does not support external servers that require mutual authentication
for the HTTPS clients of the Consul servers, that is when servers have either
`tls.defaults.verify_incoming` or `tls.https.verify_incoming` set to `true`.
As noted in the [Security Model](/consul/docs/security#secure-configuration),
that setting isn't strictly necessary to support Consul's threat model as it is recommended that
all requests contain a valid ACL token.

If the Consul server has TLS enabled, you need to provide the CA certificate so that Consul on Kubernetes can communicate with the server. Save the certificate in a Kubernetes secret and then provide it in your Helm values, as demonstrated in the following example:

<CodeBlockConfig filename="values.yaml" highlight="2-8">

```yaml
global:
  tls:
    enabled: true
    caCert:
      secretName: <CA certificate secret name>
      secretKey: <CA Certificate secret key>
externalServers:
  enabled: true
  hosts: [<consul server DNS, IP or exec= string>]
```

</CodeBlockConfig>

If your HTTPS port is different from Consul's default `8501`, you must also set
`externalServers.httpsPort`. If the Consul servers are not running TLS enabled, use this config to set the HTTP port the servers are configured with (default `8500`).

## Configuring ACLs

If you are running external servers with ACLs enabled, there are a couple of ways to configure the Helm chart
to help initialize ACL tokens for Consul clients and consul-k8s components for you.

### Manually Bootstrapping ACLs

If you would like to call the [ACL bootstrapping API](/consul/api-docs/acl#bootstrap-acls) yourself or if your cluster has already been bootstrapped with ACLs,
you can provide the bootstrap token to the Helm chart. The Helm chart will then use this token to configure ACLs
for Consul clients and any consul-k8s components you are enabling.

First, create a Kubernetes secret containing your bootstrap token:

```shell
kubectl create secret generic bootstrap-token --from-literal='token=<your bootstrap token>'
```

Then provide that secret to the Helm chart:

<CodeBlockConfig filename="values.yaml" highlight="4-6">

```yaml
global:
  acls:
    manageSystemACLs: true
    bootstrapToken:
      secretName: bootstrap-token
      secretKey: token
```

</CodeBlockConfig>

The bootstrap token requires the following minimal permissions:

- `acl:write`
- `operator:write` if enabling Consul namespaces
- `agent:read` if using WAN federation over mesh gateways

Next, configure external servers. The Helm chart will use this configuration to talk to the Consul server's API
to create policies, tokens, and an auth method. If you are [enabling Consul service mesh](/consul/docs/k8s/connect),
`k8sAuthMethodHost` should be set to the address of your Kubernetes API server
so that the Consul servers can validate a Kubernetes service account token when using the [Kubernetes auth method](/consul/docs/security/acl/auth-methods/kubernetes)
with `consul login`.

-> **Note:** If `externalServers.k8sAuthMethodHost` is set and you are also using WAN federation 
(`global.federation.enabled` is set to `true`), ensure that `global.federation.k8sAuthMethodHost` is set to the same 
value as `externalServers.k8sAuthMethodHost`.

<CodeBlockConfig filename="values.yaml">

```yaml
externalServers:
  enabled: true
  hosts: [<consul server DNS, IP or exec= string>]
  k8sAuthMethodHost: 'https://kubernetes.example.com:443'
```

</CodeBlockConfig>

Your resulting Helm configuration will end up looking similar to this:

<CodeBlockConfig filename="values.yaml">

```yaml
global:
  enabled: false
  acls:
    manageSystemACLs: true
    bootstrapToken:
      secretName: bootstrap-token
      secretKey: token
externalServers:
  enabled: true
  hosts: [<consul server DNS, IP or exec= string>]
  k8sAuthMethodHost: 'https://kubernetes.example.com:443'
```

</CodeBlockConfig>

### Bootstrapping ACLs via the Helm chart

If you would like the Helm chart to call the bootstrapping API and set the server tokens for you, then the steps are similar.
The only difference is that you don't need to set the bootstrap token. The Helm chart will save the bootstrap token as a Kubernetes secret.

<CodeBlockConfig filename="values.yaml">

```yaml
global:
  enabled: false
  acls:
    manageSystemACLs: true
externalServers:
  enabled: true
  hosts: [<consul server DNS, IP or exec= string>]
  k8sAuthMethodHost: 'https://kubernetes.example.com:443'
```

</CodeBlockConfig>