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consul/website/content/docs/connect/config-entries/ingress-gateway.mdx

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---
layout: docs
page_title: Ingress gateway configuration reference
description: >-
The ingress gateway configuration entry kind defines behavior for securing incoming communication between the service mesh and external sources. Learn about `""ingress-gateway""` config entry parameters for exposing TCP and HTTP listeners.
---
# Ingress gateway configuration reference
<Note>
Ingress gateway is deprecated and will not be enhanced beyond its current capabilities. Ingress gateway is fully supported in this version but will be removed in a future release of Consul.
Consul's API gateway is the recommended alternative to ingress gateway.
</Note>
This topic provides configuration reference information for the ingress gateway configuration entry. An ingress gateway is a type of proxy you register as a service in Consul to enable network connectivity from external services to services inside of the service mesh. Refer to [Ingress gateways overview](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway) for additional information.
## Configuration model
The following list describes the configuration hierarchy, language-specific data types, default values if applicable, and requirements for the configuration entry. Click on a property name to view additional details.
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="HCL and JSON" group="hcl">
- [`Kind`](#kind): string | must be `ingress-gateway` | required
- [`Name`](#name): string | required
- [`Namespace`](#namespace): string | `default` | <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`Meta`](#meta): map of strings
- [`Partition`](#partition): string | `default` | <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`TLS`](#tls): map
- [`Enabled`](#tls-enabled): boolean | `false`
- [`TLSMinVersion`](#tls-tlsminversion): string | `TLSv1_2`
- [`TLSMaxVersion`](#tls-tlsmaxversion): string
- [`CipherSuites`](#tls-ciphersuites): list of strings
- [`SDS`](#tls-sds): map of strings
- [`ClusterName`](#tls-sds): string
- [`CertResource`](#tls-sds): string
- [`Defaults`](#defaults): map
- [`MaxConnections`](#defaults-maxconnections): number
- [`MaxPendingRequests`](#defaults-maxpendingrequests): number
- [`MaxConcurrentRequests`](#defaults-maxconcurrentrequests): number
- [`PassiveHealthCheck`](#defaults-passivehealthcheck): map
- [`Interval`](#defaults-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`MaxFailures`](#defaults-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`EnforcingConsecutive5xx`](#defaults-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`MaxEjectionPercent`](#defaults-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`BaseEjectionTime`](#defaults-passivehealthcheck): string
- [`Listeners`](#listeners): list of maps
- [`Port`](#listeners-port): number | `0`
- [`Protocol`](#listeners-protocol): number | `tcp`
- [`Services`](#listeners-services): list of objects
- [`Name`](#listeners-services-name): string
- [`Namespace`](#listeners-services-namespace): string | <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`Partition`](#listeners-services-partition): string | <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`Hosts`](#listeners-services-hosts): List of strings | `.ingress.*`
- [`RequestHeaders`](#listeners-services-requestheaders): map
- [`Add`](#listeners-services-requestheaders): map of strings
- [`Set`](#listeners-services-requestheaders): map of strings
- [`Remove`](#listeners-services-requestheaders): list of strings
- [`ResponseHeaders`](#listeners-services-responseheaders): map
- [`Add`](#listeners-services-responseheaders): map of strings
- [`Set`](#listeners-services-responseheaders): map of strings
- [`Remove`](#listeners-services-responseheaders): list of strings
- [`TLS`](#listeners-services-tls): map
- [`SDS`](#listeners-services-tls-sds): map of strings
- [`ClusterName`](#listeners-services-tls-sds): string
- [`CertResource`](#listeners-services-tls-sds): string
- [`MaxConnections`](#listeners-services-maxconnections): number | `0`
- [`MaxPendingRequests`](#listeners-services-maxconnections): number | `0`
- [`MaxConcurrentRequests`](#listeners-services-maxconnections): number | `0`
- [`PassiveHealthCheck`](#listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): map
- [`Interval`](#listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`MaxFailures`](#listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`EnforcingConsecutive5xx`](#listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`MaxEjectionPercent`](#listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`BaseEjectionTime`](#listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): string
- [`TLS`](#listeners-tls): map
- [`Enabled`](#listeners-tls-enabled): boolean | `false`
- [`TLSMinVersion`](#listeners-tls-tlsminversion): string | `TLSv1_2`
- [`TLSMaxVersion`](#listeners-tls-tlsmaxversion): string
- [`CipherSuites`](#listeners-tls-ciphersuites): list of strings
- [`SDS`](#listeners-tls-sds): map of strings
- [`ClusterName`](#listeners-tls-sds): string
- [`CertResource`](#listeners-tls-sds): string
</Tab>
<Tab heading="Kubernetes YAML" group="yaml">
- [ `apiVersion`](#apiversion): string | must be set to `consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1` | required
- [`kind`](#kind): string | must be `IngressGateway` | required
- [`metadata`](#metadata): map of strings
- [`name`](#metadata-name): string | required
- [`namespace`](#metadata-namespace): string | `default` | <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`spec`](#spec): map
- [`tls`](#spec-tls): map
- [`enabled`](#spec-tls-enabled): boolean | `false`
- [`tlsMinVersion`](#spec-tls-tlsminversion): string | `TLSv1_2`
- [`tlsMaxVersion`](#spec-tls-tlsmaxversion): string
- [`cipherSuites`](#spec-tls-ciphersuites): list of strings
- [`sds`](#spec-tls-sds): map of strings
- [`clusterName`](#spec-tls-sds): string
- [`certResource`](#spec-tls-sds): string
- [`defaults`](#spec-defaults): map
- [`maxConnections`](#spec-defaults-maxconnections): number
- [`maxPendingRequests`](#spec-defaults-maxpendingrequests): number
- [`maxConcurrentRequests`](#spec-defaults-maxconcurrentrequests): number
- [`passiveHealthCheck`](#spec-defaults-passivehealthcheck): map
- [`interval`](#spec-defaults-passivehealthcheck): string
- [`maxFailures`](#spec-defaults-passivehealthcheck): integer
- [`enforcingConsecutive5xx`](#spec-defaults-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`maxEjectionPercent`](#spec-defaults-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`baseEjectionTime`](#spec-defaults-passivehealthcheck): string
- [`listeners`](#spec-listeners): list of maps
- [`port`](#spec-listeners-port): number | `0`
- [`protocol`](#spec-listeners-protocol): number | `tcp`
- [`services`](#spec-listeners-services): list of maps
- [`name`](#spec-listeners-services-name): string
- [`namespace`](#spec-listeners-services-namespace): string | current namespace | <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`partition`](#spec-listeners-services-partition): string | current partition | <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`hosts`](#spec-listeners-services-hosts): list of strings | `.ingress.*`
- [`requestHeaders`](#spec-listeners-services-requestheaders): map
- [`add`](#spec-listeners-services-requestheaders): map of strings
- [`set`](#spec-listeners-services-requestheaders): map of strings
- [`remove`](#spec-listeners-services-requestheaders): list of strings
- [`responseHeaders`](#spec-listeners-services-responseheaders): map
- [`add`](#spec-listeners-services-responseheaders): map of strings
- [`set`](#spec-listeners-services-responseheaders): map of strings
- [`remove`](#spec-listeners-services-responseheaders): list of strings
- [`tls`](#spec-listeners-services-tls): map
- [`sds`](#spec-listeners-services-tls-sds): map of strings
- [`clusterName`](#spec-listeners-services-tls-sds): string
- [`certResource`](#spec-listeners-services-tls-sds): string
- [`maxConnections`](#spec-listeners-services-maxconnections): number | `0`
- [`maxPendingRequests`](#spec-listeners-services-maxconnections): number | `0`
- [`maxConcurrentRequests`](#spec-listeners-services-maxconnections): number | `0`
- [`passiveHealthCheck`](#spec-listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): map
- [`interval`](#spec-listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): string
- [`maxFailures`](#spec-listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`enforcingConsecutive5xx`](#spec-listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): number
- [`maxEjectionPercent`](#spec-listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): integer
- [`baseEjectionTime`](#spec-listeners-services-passivehealthcheck): string
- [`tls`](#spec-listeners-tls): map
- [`enabled`](#spec-listeners-tls-enabled): boolean | `false`
- [`tlsMinVersion`](#spec-listeners-tls-tlsminversion): string | `TLSv1_2`
- [`tlsMaxVersion`](#spec-listeners-tls-tlsmaxversion): string
- [`cipherSuites`](#spec-listeners-tls-ciphersuites): list of strings
- [`sds`](#spec-listeners-tls-sds): map of strings
- [`clusterName`](#spec-listeners-tls-sds): string
- [`certResource`](#spec-listeners-tls-sds): string
</Tab>
</Tabs>
## Complete configuration
When every field is defined, an ingress gateway configuration entry has the following form:
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="HCL" group="hcl">
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "<name of the gateway>"
Namespace = "<namespace to register the gateway>"
Partition = "<partition to register the gateway>"
Meta = {
<key> = "<value>"
}
TLS = {
Enabled = false
TLSMinVersion = "TLSv1_2"
TLSMaxVersion = "<max version of TLS supported for this gateway>"
CipherSuites = [
"<cipher>"
]
SDS = {
ClusterName = "<name of SDS cluster>"
CertResource = "<SDS resource name>"
}
}
Defaults = {
MaxConnections = <number>
MaxPendingRequests = <number>
MaxConcurrentRequests = <number>
PassiveHealthCheck = {
Interval = "<the time between checks>"
MaxFailures = <number>
EnforcingConsecutive5xx = <number>
MaxEjectionPercent = <number>
BaseEjectionTime = "<the base time that a host is ejected for>"
}
}
Listeners = [
{
Port = 0
Protocol = "tcp"
Services = [
{
Name = "<name of external service>"
Namespace = "<namespace containing the external service>"
Partition = "<partition containing the external service>"
Hosts = [
".ingress.*"
]
RequestHeaders = {
Add = {
RequestHeaderName = "<request header value to add>"
}
Set = {
RequestHeaderName = "<request header value to set>"
}
Remove = [
"<request header to remove>"
]
}
ResponseHeaders = {
Add = {
ResponseHeaderName = "<response header value to add>"
}
Set = {
ResponseHeaderName = "<response header value to set>"
}
Remove = [
"<response header remove>"
]
}
TLS = {
SDS = {
ClusterName = "<name of SDS cluster>"
CertResource = "<name of SDS source>"
}
}
MaxConnections = <number>
MaxPendingRequests = <number>
MaxConcurrentRequests = <number>
PassiveHealthCheck = {
Interval = "<the time between checks>"
MaxFailures = <number>
EnforcingConsecutive5xx = <number>
MaxEjectionPercent = <number>
BaseEjectionTime = "<the base time that a host is ejected for>"
}
}]
TLS = {
Enabled = false
TLSMinVersion = "TLSv1_2"
TLSMaxVersion = "<max supported version for the listener>"
CipherSuites = [
"<ciphersuite>"
]
SDS = {
ClusterName = "<name of SDS cluster>"
CertResource = "<SDS resource name>"
}
}
}
]
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="YAML" group="yaml">
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: <name of the gateway>
namespace: "<namespace to register the gateway>"
spec:
tls:
enabled: false
tlsSMinVersion: TLSv1_2
tlsMaxVersion: "<max version of TLS supported for this gateway>"
cipherSuites:
- <cipher>
sds:
clusterName: <name of SDS cluster>
certResource: <SDS resource name>
defaults:
maxConnections: <number>
maxPendingRequests: <number>
maxConcurrentRequests: <number>
passiveHealthCheck:
interval: "<the time between checks>"
maxFailures: <number>
enforcingConsecutive5xx:<number>
maxEjectionPercent: <number>
baseEjectionTime: "<the base time that a host is ejected for>"
listeners:
- port: 0
protocol: tcp
services:
- name: <name of external service>
namespace: <namespace containing the external service>
partition: <partition containing the external service>
hosts:
- .ingress.*
requestHeaders:
add:
requestHeaderName: <request header value to add>
set:
requestHeaderName: <request header value to set>
remove:
- <request header to remove>
responseHeaders:
add:
responseHeaderName: <response header value to add>
set:
responseHeaderName: <response header value to set>
remove:
- <response header remove>
tls:
sds:
clusterName: <name of SDS cluster>
certResource: <name of SDS source>
maxConnections: <number>
maxPendingRequests: <number>
maxConcurrentRequests: <number>
passiveHealthCheck:
interval: "<the time between checks>"
maxFailures: <number>
enforcingConsecutive5xx:<number>
maxEjectionPercent: <number>
baseEjectionTime: "<the base time that a host is ejected for>"
tls:
enabled: false
tlsMinVersion: TLSv1_2
tlsMaxVersion: <max supported version for the listener>
cipherSuites:
- <ciphersuite>
sds:
clusterName: <name of SDS cluster>
certResource: <SDS resource name>
```
</Tab>
<Tab heading="JSON" group="json">
```json
{
"Kind" : "ingress-gateway",
"Name" : "<name of the gateway>",
"Namespace" : "<namespace to register the gateway>",
"Partition" : "<partition to register the gateway>",
"Meta": {
"<key>" : "<value>"
},
"TLS" : {
"Enabled" : false,
"TLSMinVersion" : "TLSv1_2",
"TLSMaxVersion" : "<max version of TLS supported for this gateway>",
"CipherSuites" : [
"<cipher>"
],
"SDS": {
"ClusterName" : "<name of SDS cluster>",
"CertResource" : "<SDS resource name>"
}
},
"Defaults" : {
"MaxConnections" : <number>,
"MaxPendingRequests" : <number>,
"MaxConcurrentRequests": <number>,
"PassiveHealthCheck" : {
"interval": "<the time between checks>",
"maxFailures": <number>,
"enforcingConsecutive5xx": <number>,
"maxEjectionPercent": <number>,
"baseEjectionTime": "<the base time that a host is ejected for>"
}
},
"Listeners" : [
{
"Port" : 0,
"Protocol" : "tcp",
"Services" : [
{
"Name" : "<name of external service>",
"Namespace" : "<namespace containing the external service>",
"Partition" : "<partition containing the external service>",
"Hosts" : [
".ingress.*"
],
"RequestHeaders" : {
"Add" : {
"RequestHeaderName" : "<request header value to add>"
},
"Set" : {
"RequestHeaderName" : "<request header value to set>"
},
"Remove" : [
"<request header to remove>"
]
},
"ResponseHeaders" : {
"Add" : {
"ResponseHeaderName" : "<response header value to add>"
},
"Set" : {
"ResponseHeaderName" : "<response header value to set>"
},
"Remove" : [
"<response header remove>"
]
},
"TLS" : {
"SDS" : {
"ClusterName" : "<name of SDS cluster>",
"CertResource" : "<name of SDS source>"
}
},
"MaxConnections" : <number>,
"MaxPendingRequests" : <number>,
"MaxConcurrentRequests" : <number>,
"PassiveHealthCheck" : {
"interval": "<the time between checks>",
"maxFailures": <number>,
"enforcingConsecutive5xx":<number>,
"maxEjectionPercent": <number>,
"baseEjectionTime": "<the base time that a host is ejected for>"
}
}
],
"TLS" : {
"Enabled" : false,
"TLSMinVersion" : "TLSv1_2",
"TLSMaxVersion" : "<max supported version for the listener>",
"CipherSuites" : [
"<ciphersuite>"
],
"SDS" : {
"ClusterName" : "<name of SDS cluster>",
"CertResource" : "<SDS resource name>"
}
}
}
]
}
```
</Tab>
</Tabs>
## Specification
This section provides details about the fields you can configure in the ingress gateway configuration entry.
<Tabs>
<Tab heading="HCL" group="hcl">
### `Kind`
Specifies the type of configuration entry. Must be set to `ingress-gateway`.
#### Values
- Default: None
- This field is required.
- Data type: String value that must be set to `ingress-gateway`.
### `Name`
Specifies a name for the gateway. The name is metadata that you can use to reference the configuration entry when performing Consul operations with the [`consul config` command](/consul/commands/config).
#### Values
- Default: None
- This field is required.
- Data type: String
### `Namespace` <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
Specifies the namespace to apply the configuration entry in. Refer to [Namespaces](/consul/docs/enterprise/namespaces) for additional information about Consul namespaces.
If unspecified, the ingress gateway is applied to the `default` namespace. You can override the namespace when using the [`/config` API endpoint](/consul/api-docs/config) to register the configuration entry by specifying the `ns` query parameter.
#### Values
- Default: `default`,
- Data type: String
### `Partition` <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
Specifies the admin partition that the ingress gateway applies to. The value must match the partition in which the gateway is registered. Refer to [Admin partitions](/consul/docs/enterprise/admin-partitions) for additional information.
If unspecified, the ingress gateway is applied to the `default` partition. You can override the partition when using the [`/config` API endpoint](/consul/api-docs/config) to register the configuration entry by specifying the `partition` query parameter.
#### Values
- Default: `default
- Data type: String
### `Meta`
Defines an arbitrary set of key-value pairs to store in the Consul KV.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map of one or more key-value pairs.
- keys: String
- values: String, integer, or float
### `TLS`
Specifies the TLS configuration settings for the gateway.
#### Values
- Default: No default
- Data type: Object that can contain the following fields:
- [`Enabled`](#tls-enabled)
- [`TLSMinVersion`](#tls-tlsminversion)
- [`TLSMaxVersion`](#tls-tlsmaxversion)
- [`CipherSuites`](#tls-ciphersuites)
- [`SDS`](#tls-sds)
### `TLS.Enabled`
Enables and disables TLS for the configuration entry. Set to `true` to enable built-in TLS for every listener on the gateway. TLS is disabled by default.
When enabled, Consul adds each host defined in every service's `Hosts` field to the gateway's x509 certificate as a DNS subject alternative name (SAN).
#### Values
- Default: `false`
- Data type: boolean
### `TLS.TLSMinVersion`
Specifies the minimum TLS version supported for gateway listeners.
#### Values
- Default: Depends on the version of Envoy:
- Envoy v1.22.0 and later: `TLSv1_2`
- Older versions: `TLSv1_0`
- Data type: String with one of the following values:
- `TLS_AUTO`
- `TLSv1_0`
- `TLSv1_1`
- `TLSv1_2`
- `TLSv1_3`
### `TLS.TLSMaxVersion`
Specifies the maximum TLS version supported for gateway listeners.
#### Values
- Default: Depends on the version of Envoy:
- Envoy v1.22.0 and later: `TLSv1_2`
- Older versions: `TLSv1_0`
- Data type: String with one of the following values:
- `TLS_AUTO`
- `TLSv1_0`
- `TLSv1_1`
- `TLSv1_2`
- `TLSv1_3`
### `TLS.CipherSuites[]`
Specifies a list of cipher suites that gateway listeners support when negotiating connections using TLS 1.2 or older. If unspecified, the Consul applies the default for the version of Envoy in use. Refer to the [Envoy documentation](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/api-v3/extensions/transport_sockets/tls/v3/common.proto#envoy-v3-api-field-extensions-transport-sockets-tls-v3-tls parameters-cipher-suites) for details.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of string values. Refer to the [Consul repository](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/blob/v1.11.2/types/tls.go#L154-L169) for a list of supported ciphers.
### `TLS.SDS`
Specifies parameters for loading the TLS certificates from an external SDS service. Refer to [Serve custom TLS certificates from an external service](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service) for additional information.
Consul applies the SDS configuration specified in this field as defaults for all listeners defined in the gateway. You can override the SDS settings for per listener or per service defined in the listener. Refer to the following configurations for additional information:
- [`Listeners.TLS.SDS`](#listeners-tls-sds): Configures SDS settings for all services in the listener.
- [`Listeners.Services.TLS.SDS`](#listeners-services-tls-sds): Configures SDS settings for a specific service defined in the listener.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map containing the following fields:
- `ClusterName`
- `CertResource`
The following table describes how to configure SDS parameters.
| Parameter | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `ClusterName` | Specifies the name of the SDS cluster where Consul should retrieve certificates. The cluster must be specified in the gateway's bootstrap configuration. | String |
| `CertResource` | Specifies an SDS resource name. Consul requests the SDS resource name when fetching the certificate from the SDS service. When set, Consul serves the certificate to all listeners over TLS unless a listener-specific TLS configuration overrides the SDS configuration. | String |
### `Defaults`
Specifies default configurations for connecting upstream services.
#### Values
- Default: None
- The data type is a map containing the following parameters:
- [`MaxConnections`](#defaults-maxconnections)
- [`MaxPendingRequests`](#defaults-maxpendingrequests)
- [`MaxConcurrentRequests`](#defaults-maxconcurrentrequests)
### `Defaults.MaxConnections`
Specifies the maximum number of HTTP/1.1 connections a service instance is allowed to establish against the upstream.
#### Values
- Default value is `0`, which instructs Consul to use the proxy's configuration. For Envoy, the default is `1024`.
- Data type: Integer
### `Defaults.MaxPendingRequests`
Specifies the maximum number of requests that are allowed to queue while waiting to establish a connection. Listeners must use an L7 protocol for this configuration to take effect. Refer to [`Listeners.Protocol`](#listeners-protocol).
#### Values
- Default value is `0`, which instructs Consul to use the proxy's configuration. For Envoy, the default is `1024`.
- Data type: Integer
### `Defaults.MaxConcurrentRequests`
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent HTTP/2 traffic requests that are allowed at a single point in time. Listeners must use an L7 protocol for this configuration to take effect. Refer to [`Listeners.Protocol`](#listeners-protocol).
#### Values
- Default value is `0`, which instructs Consul to use the proxy's configuration. For Envoy, the default is `1024`.
- Data type: Integer
### `Defaults.PassiveHealthCheck`
Defines a passive health check configuration. Passive health checks remove hosts from the upstream cluster when they are unreachable or return errors.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map
The following table describes the configurations for passive health checks:
| Parameter | Description | Data type | Default |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `Interval` | Specifies the time between checks. | string | `0s` |
| `MaxFailures` | Specifies the number of consecutive failures allowed per check interval. If exceeded, Consul removes the host from the load balancer. | integer | `0` |
| `EnforcingConsecutive5xx` | Specifies a percentage that indicates how many times out of 100 that Consul ejects the host when it detects an outlier status. The outlier status is determined by consecutive errors in the 500-599 response range. | integer | `100` |
| `MaxEjectionPercent` | Specifies the maximum percentage of an upstream cluster that Consul ejects when the proxy reports an outlier. Consul ejects at least one host when an outlier is detected regardless of the value. | integer | `10` |
| `BaseEjectionTime` | Specifies the minimum amount of time that an ejected host must remain outside the cluster before rejoining. The real time is equal to the value of the `BaseEjectionTime` multiplied by the number of times the host has been ejected. | string | `30s` |
### `Listeners[]`
Specifies a list of listeners in the mesh for the gateway. Listeners are uniquely identified by their port number.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of maps containing the following fields:
- [`Port`](#listeners-port)
- [`Protocol`](#listeners-protocol)
- [`Services[]`](#listeners-services)
- [`TLS`](#listeners-tls)
### `Listeners[].Port`
Specifies the port that the listener receives traffic on. The port is bound to the IP address specified in the [`-address`](/consul/commands/connect/envoy#address) flag when starting the gateway. The listener port must not conflict with the health check port.
#### Values
- Default: `0`
- Data type: Integer
### `Listeners[].Protocol`
Specifies the protocol associated with the listener. To enable L7 network management capabilities, specify one of the following values:
- `http`
- `http2`
- `grpc`
#### Values
- Default: `tcp`
- Data type: String that contains one of the following values:
- `tcp`
- `http`
- `http2`
- `grpc`
### `Listeners[].Services[]`
Specifies a list of services that the listener exposes to services outside the mesh. Each service must have a unique name. The `Namespace` field is required for Consul Enterprise datacenters. If the [`Listeners.Protocol`] field is set to `tcp`, then Consul can only expose one service. You can expose multiple services if the listener uses any other supported protocol.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of maps that can contain the following fields:
- [`Name`](#listeners-services-name)
- [`Namespace`](#listeners-services-namespace) <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`Partition`](#listeners-services-partition) <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`Hosts`](#listeners-services-hosts)
- [`RequestHeaders`](#listeners-services-requestheaders)
- [`ResponseHeaders`](#listeners-services-responseheaders)`
- [`TLS`](#listeners-services-tls)
- [`MaxConnections`](#listeners-services-maxconnections)
- [`MaxPendingRequests`](#listeners-services-maxpendingrequests)
- [`MaxConcurrentRequests`](#listeners-services-maxconcurrentrequests)
- [`PassiveHealthCheck`](#listeners-services-passivehealthcheck)
### `Listeners[].Services[].Name`
Specifies the name of a service to expose to the listener. You can specify services in the following ways:
- Provide the name of a service registered in the Consul catalog.
- Provide the name of a service defined in other configuration entries. Refer to [Service Mesh Traffic Management Overview](/consul/docs/connect/manage-traffic) for additional information.
- Provide a `*` wildcard to expose all services in the datacenter. Wild cards are not supported for listeners configured for TCP. Refer to [`Listeners[].Protocol`](#listeners-protocol) for additional information.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: String
### `Listeners[].Services[].Namespace` <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
Specifies the namespace to use when resolving the location of the service.
#### Values
- Default: Current namespace
- Data type: String
### `Listeners[].Services[].Partition` <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
Specifies the admin partition to use when resolving the location of the service.
#### Values
- Default: Current partition
- Data type: String
### `Listeners[].Services[].Hosts[]`
Specifies one or more hosts that the listening services can receive requests on. The ingress gateway proxies external traffic to the specified services when external requests include `host` headers that match a host specified in this field.
If unspecified, Consul matches requests to services using the `<service>.ingress.*` domain. You cannot specify a host for listeners that communicate over TCP. You cannot specify a host when service names are specified with a `*` wildcard. Requests must include the correct host for Consul to proxy traffic to the service.
When TLS is disabled, you can use the `*` wildcard to match all hosts. Disabling TLS may be suitable for testing and learning purposes, but we recommend enabling TLS in production environments.
You can use the wildcard in the left-most DNS label to match a set of hosts. For example, `*.example.com` is valid, but `example.*` and `*-suffix.example.com` are invalid.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of strings or `*`
### `Listeners[].Services[].RequestHeaders`
Specifies a set of HTTP-specific header modification rules applied to requests routed through the gateway. You cannot configure request headers if the listener protocol is set to `tcp`. Refer to [HTTP listener with Path-based Routing](#http-listener-with-path-based-routing) for an example configuration.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Object containing one or more fields that define header modification rules:
- `Add`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
- `Set`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
- `Remove`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
The following table describes how to configure values for request headers:
| Rule | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `Add` | Defines a set of key-value pairs to add to the header. Use header names as the keys. Header names are not case-sensitive. If header values with the same name already exist, the value is appended and Consul applies both headers. You can [use variable placeholders](#use-variable-placeholders). | Map of strings |
| `Set` | Defines a set of key-value pairs to add to the request header or to replace existing header values with. Use header names as the keys. Header names are not case-sensitive. If header values with the same names already exist, Consul replaces the header values. You can [use variable placeholders](#use-variable-placeholders). | Map of strings |
| `Remove` | Defines a list of headers to remove. Consul removes only headers containing exact matches. Header names are not case-sensitive. | List of strings |
##### Use variable placeholders
For `Add` and `Set`, if the service is configured to use Envoy as the proxy, the value may contain variables to interpolate dynamic metadata into the value. For example, using the variable `%DOWNSTREAM_REMOTE_ADDRESS%` in your configuration entry allows you to pass a value that is generated at runtime.
### `Listeners[].Services[].ResponseHeaders`
Specifies a set of HTTP-specific header modification rules applied to responses routed through the gateway. You cannot configure response headers if the listener protocol is set to `tcp`. Refer to [HTTP listener with Path-based Routing](#http-listener-with-path-based-routing) for an example configuration.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map containing one or more fields that define header modification rules:
- `Add`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
- `Set`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
- `Remove`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
The following table describes how to configure values for request headers:
| Rule | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `Add` | Defines a set of key-value pairs to add to the header. Use header names as the keys. Header names are not case-sensitive. If header values with the same name already exist, the value is appended and Consul applies both headers. You can [use variable placeholders](#use-variable-placeholders). | Map of strings |
| `Set` | Defines a set of key-value pairs to add to the response header or to replace existing header values with. Use header names as the keys. Header names are not case-sensitive. If header values with the same names already exist, Consul replaces the header values. You can [use variable placeholders](#use-variable-placeholders). | Map of strings |
| `Remove` | Defines a list of headers to remove. Consul removes only headers containing exact matches. Header names are not case-sensitive. | List of strings |
##### Use variable placeholders
For `Add` and `Set`, if the service is configured to use Envoy as the proxy, the value may contain variables to interpolate dynamic metadata into the value. For example, using the variable `%DOWNSTREAM_REMOTE_ADDRESS%` in your configuration entry allows you to pass a value that is generated at runtime.
### `Listeners[].Services[].TLS`
Specifies a TLS configuration for a specific service. The settings in this configuration overrides the main [`TLS`](#tls) settings for the configuration entry.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map
### `Listeners[].Services[].TLS.SDS`
Specifies parameters that configure the listener to load TLS certificates from an external SDS. Refer to [Serve custom TLS certificates from an external service](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service) for additional information.
This configuration overrides the main [`TLS.SDS`](#tls-sds) settings for configuration entry. If unspecified, Consul applies the top-level [`TLS.SDS`](#tls-sds) settings.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map containing the following fields:
- `ClusterName`
- `CertResource`
The following table describes how to configure SDS parameters. Refer to [Configure static SDS clusters](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service#configure-static-sds-clusters) for usage information:
| Parameter | Description | Data type |
| `ClusterName` | Specifies the name of the SDS cluster where Consul should retrieve certificates. The cluster must be specified in the gateway's bootstrap configuration. | String |
| `CertResource` | Specifies an SDS resource name. Consul requests the SDS resource name when fetching the certificate from the SDS service. When set, Consul serves the certificate to all listeners over TLS unless a listener-specific TLS configuration overrides the SDS configuration. | String |
### `Listeners[].Services[].MaxConnections`
Specifies the maximum number of HTTP/1.1 connections a service instance is allowed to establish against the upstream.
When defined, this field overrides the [`Defaults.MaxConnections`](#defaults-maxconnections) configuration.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Integer
### `Listeners[].Services.MaxPendingRequests`
Specifies the maximum number of requests that are allowed to queue while waiting to establish a connection. When defined, this field overrides the value specified in the [`Defaults.MaxPendingRequests`](#defaults-maxpendingrequests) field of the configuration entry.
Listeners must use an L7 protocol for this configuration to take effect. Refer to [`Listeners.Protocol`](#listeners-protocol) for more information.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Integer
### `Listeners[].Services[].MaxConcurrentRequests`
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent HTTP/2 traffic requests that the service is allowed at a single point in time. This field overrides the value set in the [`Defaults.MaxConcurrentRequests`](#defaults-maxconcurrentrequests) field of the configuration entry.
Listeners must use an L7 protocol for this configuration to take effect. Refer to [`Listeners.Protocol`](#listeners-protocol) for more information.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Integer
### `Listeners[].Services[].PassiveHealthCheck`
Defines a passive health check configuration for the service. Passive health checks remove hosts from the upstream cluster when the service is unreachable or returns errors. This field overrides the value set in the [`Defaults.PassiveHealthCheck`](#defaults-passivehealthcheck) field of the configuration entry.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map
The following table describes the configurations for passive health checks:
| Parameter | Description | Data type | Default |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `Interval` | Specifies the time between checks. | string | `0s` |
| `MaxFailures` | Specifies the number of consecutive failures allowed per check interval. If exceeded, Consul removes the host from the load balancer. | integer | `0` |
| `EnforcingConsecutive5xx` | Specifies a percentage that indicates how many times out of 100 that Consul ejects the host when it detects an outlier status. The outlier status is determined by consecutive errors in the 500-599 response range. | integer | `100` |
| `MaxEjectionPercent` | Specifies the maximum percentage of an upstream cluster that Consul ejects when the proxy reports an outlier. Consul ejects at least one host when an outlier is detected regardless of the value. | integer | `10` |
| `BaseEjectionTime` | Specifies the minimum amount of time that an ejected host must remain outside the cluster before rejoining. The real time is equal to the value of the `BaseEjectionTime` multiplied by the number of times the host has been ejected. | string | `30s` |
### `Listeners[].TLS`
Specifies the TLS configuration for the listener. If unspecified, Consul applies any [service-specific TLS configurations](#listeners-services-tls). If neither the listener- nor service-specific TLS configurations are specified, Consul applies the main [`TLS`](#tls) settings for the configuration entry.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map that can contain the following fields:
- [`Enabled`](#listeners-tls-enabled)
- [`TLSMinVersion`](#listeners-tls-tlsminversion)
- [`TLSMaxVersion`](#listeners-tls-tlsmaxversion)
- [`CipherSuites`](#listeners-tls-ciphersuites)
- [`SDS`](#listeners-tls-sds)
### `Listeners[].TLS.Enabled`
Set to `true` to enable built-in TLS for the listener. If enabled, Consul adds each host defined in every service's `Hosts` field to the gateway's x509 certificate as a DNS subject alternative name (SAN).
#### Values
- Default: `false`
- Data type: boolean
### `Listeners[].TLS.TLSMinVersion`
Specifies the minimum TLS version supported for the listener.
#### Values
- Default: Depends on the version of Envoy:
- Envoy v1.22.0 and later: `TLSv1_2`
- Older versions: `TLSv1_0`
- Data type: String with one of the following values:
- `TLS_AUTO`
- `TLSv1_0`
- `TLSv1_1`
- `TLSv1_2`
- `TLSv1_3`
### `Listeners[].TLS.TLSMaxVersion`
Specifies the maximum TLS version supported for the listener.
#### Values
- Default: Depends on the version of Envoy:
- Envoy v1.22.0 and later: `TLSv1_2`
- Older versions: `TLSv1_0`
- Data type: String with one of the following values:
- `TLS_AUTO`
- `TLSv1_0`
- `TLSv1_1`
- `TLSv1_2`
- `TLSv1_3`
### `Listeners[].TLS.CipherSuites`
Specifies a list of cipher suites that the listener supports when negotiating connections using TLS 1.2 or older. If unspecified, the Consul applies the default for the version of Envoy in use. Refer to the [Envoy documentation](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/api-v3/extensions/transport_sockets/tls/v3/common.proto#envoy-v3-api-field-extensions-transport-sockets-tls-v3-tls parameters-cipher-suites) for details.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of string values. Refer to the [Consul repository](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/blob/v1.11.2/types/tls.go#L154-L169) for a list of supported ciphers.
### `Listeners[].TLS.SDS`
Specifies parameters for loading the TLS certificates from an external SDS service. Refer to [Serve custom TLS certificates from an external service](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service) for additional information.
Consul applies the SDS configuration specified in this field to all services in the listener. You can override the `Listeners.TLS.SDS` configuration per service by configuring the [`Listeners.Services.TLS.SDS`](#listeners-services-tls-sds) settings for each service.
#### Values
- Default: None
- The data type is a map containing `ClusterName` and `CertResource` fields.
The following table describes how to configure SDS parameters. Refer to [Configure static SDS clusters](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service#configure-static-sds-clusters) for usage information:
| Parameter | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `ClusterName` | Specifies the name of the SDS cluster where Consul should retrieve certificates. The cluster must be specified in the gateway's bootstrap configuration. | String |
| `CertResource` | Specifies an SDS resource name. Consul requests the SDS resource name when fetching the certificate from the SDS service. When set, Consul serves the certificate to all listeners over TLS unless a listener-specific TLS configuration overrides the SDS configuration. | String |
</Tab>
<Tab heading="Kubernetes YAML" group="yaml">
### `apiVersion`
Kubernetes-only parameter that specifies the version of the Consul API that the configuration entry maps to Kubernetes configurations. The value must be `consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1`.
### `kind`
Specifies the type of configuration entry to implement. Must be set to `IngressGateway`.
#### Values
- Default: None
- This field is required.
- Data type: String value that must be set to `IngressGateway`.
### `metadata`
Specifies metadata for the gateway.
#### Values
- Default: None
- This field is required
- Data type: Map the contains the following fields:
- [`name`](#metadata-name)
- [`namespace`](#metadata-namespace)
### `metadata.name`
Specifies a name for the gateway. The name is metadata that you can use to reference the configuration entry when performing Consul operations with the [`consul config` command](/consul/commands/config).
#### Values
- Default: None
- This field is required.
- Data type: String
### `metadata.namespace` <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
Specifies the namespace to apply the configuration entry in. Refer to [Namespaces](/consul/docs/enterprise/namespaces) for additional information about Consul namespaces.
If unspecified, the ingress gateway is applied to the `default` namespace. You can override the namespace when using the [`/config` API endpoint](/consul/api-docs/config) to register the configuration entry by specifying the `ns` query parameter.
#### Values
- Default: `default`,
- Data type: String
### `spec`
Kubernetes-only field that contains all of the configurations for ingress gateway pods.
#### Values
- Default: None
- This field is required.
- Data type: Map containing the following fields:
- [`tls`](#tls)
- [`defaults`](#defaults)
- [`listeners`](#listeners)
### `spec.tls`
Specifies the TLS configuration settings for the gateway.
#### Values
- Default: No default
- Data type: Object that can contain the following fields:
- [`enabled`](#tls-enabled)
- [`tlsMinVersion`](#spec-tls-tlsminversion)
- [`tlsMaxVersion`](#spec-tls-tlsmaxversion)
- [`cipherSuites`](#spec-tls-tlsciphersuites)
- [`sds`](#spec-tls-sds)
### `spec.tls.enabled`
Enables and disables TLS for the configuration entry. Set to `true` to enable built-in TLS for every listener on the gateway. TLS is disabled by default.
When enabled, Consul adds each host defined in every service's `Hosts` field to the gateway's x509 certificate as a DNS subject alternative name (SAN).
#### Values
- Default: `false`
- Data type: boolean
### `spec.tls.tlsMinVersion`
Specifies the minimum TLS version supported for gateway listeners.
#### Values
- Default: Depends on the version of Envoy:
- Envoy v1.22.0 and later: `TLSv1_2`
- Older versions: `TLSv1_0`
- Data type: String with one of the following values:
- `TLS_AUTO`
- `TLSv1_0`
- `TLSv1_1`
- `TLSv1_2`
- `TLSv1_3`
### `spec.tls.tlsMaxVersion`
Specifies the maximum TLS version supported for gateway listeners.
#### Values
- Default: Depends on the version of Envoy:
- Envoy v1.22.0 and later: `TLSv1_2`
- Older versions: `TLSv1_0`
- Data type: String with one of the following values:
- `TLS_AUTO`
- `TLSv1_0`
- `TLSv1_1`
- `TLSv1_2`
- `TLSv1_3`
### `spec.tls.cipherSuites[]`
Specifies a list of cipher suites that gateway listeners support when negotiating connections using TLS 1.2 or older. If unspecified, the Consul applies the default for the version of Envoy in use. Refer to the [Envoy documentation](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/api-v3/extensions/transport_sockets/tls/v3/common.proto#envoy-v3-api-field-extensions-transport-sockets-tls-v3-tls parameters-cipher-suites) for details.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of string values. Refer to the [Consul repository](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/blob/v1.11.2/types/tls.go#L154-L169) for a list of supported ciphers.
### `spec.tls.sds`
Specifies parameters for loading the TLS certificates from an external SDS service. Refer to [Serve custom TLS certificates from an external service](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service) for additional information.
Consul applies the SDS configuration specified in this field as defaults for all listeners defined in the gateway. You can override the SDS settings for per listener or per service defined in the listener. Refer to the following configurations for additional information:
- [`spec.listeners.tls.sds`](#spec-listeners-tls-sds): Configures SDS settings for all services in the listener.
- [`spec.listeners.services.tls.sds`](#spec-listeners-services-tls-sds): Configures SDS settings for a specific service defined in the listener.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map containing the following fields:
- [`clusterName`]
- [`certResource`]
The following table describes how to configure SDS parameters.
| Parameter | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `clusterName` | Specifies the name of the SDS cluster where Consul should retrieve certificates. The cluster must be specified in the gateway's bootstrap configuration. | String |
| `certResource` | Specifies an SDS resource name. Consul requests the SDS resource name when fetching the certificate from the SDS service. When set, Consul serves the certificate to all listeners over TLS unless a listener-specific TLS configuration overrides the SDS configuration. | String |
### `spec.defaults`
Specifies default configurations for upstream connections.
#### Values
- Default: None
- The data type is a map containing the following parameters:
- [`maxConnections`](#spec-defaults-maxconnections)
- [`maxPendingRequests`](#spec-defaults-maxpendingrequests)
- [`maxConcurrentRequests`](#spec-defaults-maxconcurrentrequests)
### `spec.defaults.maxConnections`
Specifies the maximum number of HTTP/1.1 connections a service instance is allowed to establish against the upstream. If unspecified, Consul uses Envoy's configuration. The default configuration for Envoy is `1024`.
#### Values
- Default: `0`
- Data type: Integer
### `spec.defaults.maxPendingRequests`
Specifies the maximum number of requests that are allowed to queue while waiting to establish a connection. Listeners must use an L7 protocol for this configuration to take effect. Refer to [`spec.listeners.Protocol`](#spec-listeners-protocol).
If unspecified, Consul uses Envoy's configuration. The default for Envoy is `1024`.
#### Values
- Default: `0`
- Data type: Integer
### `spec.defaults.maxConcurrentRequests`
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent HTTP/2 traffic requests that are allowed at a single point in time. Listeners must use an L7 protocol for this configuration to take effect. Refer to [`spec.listeners.protocol`](#spec-listeners-protocol).
If unspecified, Consul uses Envoy's configuration. The default for Envoy is `1024`.
#### Values
- Default: `0`
- Data type: Integer
### `spec.defaults.passiveHealthCheck`
Defines a passive health check configuration. Passive health checks remove hosts from the upstream cluster when they are unreachable or return errors.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map
The following table describes the configurations for passive health checks:
| Parameter | Description | Data type | Default |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `Interval` | Specifies the time between checks. | string | `0s` |
| `MaxFailures` | Specifies the number of consecutive failures allowed per check interval. If exceeded, Consul removes the host from the load balancer. | integer | `0` |
| `EnforcingConsecutive5xx` | Specifies a percentage that indicates how many times out of 100 that Consul ejects the host when it detects an outlier status. The outlier status is determined by consecutive errors in the 500-599 response range. | integer | `100` |
| `MaxEjectionPercent` | Specifies the maximum percentage of an upstream cluster that Consul ejects when the proxy reports an outlier. Consul ejects at least one host when an outlier is detected regardless of the value. | integer | `10` |
| `BaseEjectionTime` | Specifies the minimum amount of time that an ejected host must remain outside the cluster before rejoining. The real time is equal to the value of the `BaseEjectionTime` multiplied by the number of times the host has been ejected. | string | `30s` |
### `spec.listeners[]`
Specifies a list of listeners in the mesh for the gateway. Listeners are uniquely identified by their port number.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of maps containing the following fields:
- [`port`](#spec-listeners-port)
- [`protocol`](#spec-listeners-protocol)
- [`services[]`](#spec-listeners-services)
- [`tls`](#spec-listeners-tls)
### `spec.listeners[].port`
Specifies the port that the listener receives traffic on. The port is bound to the IP address specified in the [`-address`](/consul/commands/connect/envoy#address) flag when starting the gateway. The listener port must not conflict with the health check port.
#### Values
- Default: `0`
- Data type: Integer
### `spec.listeners[].protocol`
Specifies the protocol associated with the listener. To enable L7 network management capabilities, specify one of the following values:
- `http`
- `http2`
- `grpc`
#### Values
- Default: `tcp`
- Data type: String that contains one of the following values:
- `tcp`
- `http`
- `http2`
- `grpc`
### `spec.listeners[].services[]`
Specifies a list of services that the listener exposes to services outside the mesh. Each service must have a unique name. The `namespace` field is required for Consul Enterprise datacenters. If the listener's [`protocol`](#spec-listeners-protocol) field is set to `tcp`, then Consul can only expose one service. You can expose multiple services if the listener uses any other supported protocol.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of maps that can contain the following fields:
- [`name`](#spec-listeners-services-name)
- [`namespace`](#spec-listeners-services-namespace) <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`partition`](#spec-listeners-services-partition) <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
- [`hosts`](#spec-listeners-services-hosts)
- [`requestHeaders`](#spec-listeners-services-requestheaders)
- [`responseHeaders`](#spec-listeners-services-responseheaders)`
- [`tlsLS`](#spec-listeners-services-tls)
- [`maxConnections`](#spec-listeners-services-maxconnections)
- [`maxPendingRequests`](#spec-listeners-services-maxpendingrequests)
- [`maxConcurrentRequests`](#spec-listeners-services-maxconcurrentrequests)
- [`passiveHealthCheck`](#spec-listeners-services-passivehealthcheck)
### `spec.listeners[].services[].name`
Specifies the name of a service to expose to the listener. You can specify services in the following ways:
- Provide the name of a service registered in the Consul catalog.
- Provide the name of a service defined in other configuration entries. Refer to [Service Mesh Traffic Management Overview](/consul/docs/connect/manage-traffic) for additional information. Refer to [HTTP listener with path-based routes](#http-listener-with-path-based-routes) for an example.
- Provide a `*` wildcard to expose all services in the datacenter. Wild cards are not supported for listeners configured for TCP. Refer to [`spec.listeners.protocol`](#spec-listeners-protocol) for additional information.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: String
### `spec.listeners[].services[].namespace` <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
Specifies the namespace to use when resolving the location of the service.
#### Values
- Default: Current namespace
- Data type: String
### `spec.listeners[].services[].partition` <EnterpriseAlert inline/>
Specifies the admin partition to use when resolving the location of the service.
#### Values
- Default: Current partition
- Data type: String
### `spec.listeners[].services[].hosts[]`
Specifies one or more hosts that the listening services can receive requests on. The ingress gateway proxies external traffic to the specified services when external requests include `host` headers that match a host specified in this field.
If unspecified, Consul matches requests to services using the `<service>.ingress.*` domain. You cannot specify a host for listeners that communicate over TCP. You cannot specify a host when service names are specified with a `*` wildcard. Requests must include the correct host for Consul to proxy traffic to the service.
When TLS is disabled, you can use the `*` wildcard to match all hosts. Disabling TLS may be suitable for testing and learning purposes, but we recommend enabling TLS in production environments.
You can use the wildcard in the left-most DNS label to match a set of hosts. For example, `*.example.com` is valid, but `example.*` and `*-suffix.example.com` are invalid.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of strings or `*`
### `spec.listeners[].services[].requestHeaders`
Specifies a set of HTTP-specific header modification rules applied to requests routed through the gateway. You cannot configure request headers if the listener protocol is set to `tcp`. Refer to [HTTP listener with path-based routing](#http-listener-with-path-based-routing) for an example configuration.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Object containing one or more fields that define header modification rules:
- `add`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
- `set`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
- `remove`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
The following table describes how to configure values for request headers:
| Rule | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `add` | Defines a set of key-value pairs to add to the header. Use header names as the keys. Header names are not case-sensitive. If header values with the same name already exist, the value is appended and Consul applies both headers. You can [use variable placeholders](#use-variable-placeholders). | Map of strings |
| `set` | Defines a set of key-value pairs to add to the request header or to replace existing header values with. Use header names as the keys. Header names are not case-sensitive. If header values with the same names already exist, Consul replaces the header values. You can [use variable placeholders](#use-variable-placeholders). | Map of strings |
| `remove` | Defines a list of headers to remove. Consul removes only headers containing exact matches. Header names are not case-sensitive. | List of strings |
##### Use variable placeholders
For `add` and `set`, if the service is configured to use Envoy as the proxy, the value may contain variables to interpolate dynamic metadata into the value. For example, using the variable `%DOWNSTREAM_REMOTE_ADDRESS%` in your configuration entry allows you to pass a value that is generated at runtime.
### `spec.listeners[].services[].responseHeaders`
Specifies a set of HTTP-specific header modification rules applied to responses routed through the gateway. You cannot configure response headers if the listener protocol is set to `tcp`. Refer to [HTTP listener with path-based routing](#http-listener-with-path-based-routing) for an example configuration.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map containing one or more fields that define header modification rules:
- `add`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
- `set`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
- `remove`: Map of one or more key-value pairs
The following table describes how to configure values for request headers:
| Rule | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `add` | Defines a set of key-value pairs to add to the header. Use header names as the keys. Header names are not case-sensitive. If header values with the same name already exist, the value is appended and Consul applies both headers. You can [use variable placeholders](#use-variable-placeholders). | Map of strings |
| `set` | Defines a set of key-value pairs to add to the request header or to replace existing header values with. Use header names as the keys. Header names are not case-sensitive. If header values with the same names already exist, Consul replaces the header values. You can [use variable placeholders](#use-variable-placeholders). | Map of strings |
| `remove` | Defines a list of headers to remove. Consul removes only headers containing exact matches. Header names are not case-sensitive. | List of strings |
##### Use variable placeholders
For `add` and `set`, if the service is configured to use Envoy as the proxy, the value may contain variables to interpolate dynamic metadata into the value. For example, using the variable `%DOWNSTREAM_REMOTE_ADDRESS%` in your configuration entry allows you to pass a value that is generated at runtime.
### `spec.listeners[].services[].tls`
Specifies a TLS configuration for a specific service. The settings in this configuration overrides the main [`tls`](#spec.tls) settings for the configuration entry.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map
### `spec.listeners[].services[].tls.sds`
Specifies parameters that configure the listener to load TLS certificates from an external SDS. Refer to [Serve custom TLS certificates from an external service](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service) for additional information.
If unspecified, Consul applies the [`sds`](#spec-tls-sds) settings configured for the ingress gateway. If both are specified, this configuration overrides the settings for configuration entry.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map containing the following fields:
- `clusterName`
- `certResource`
The following table describes how to configure SDS parameters. Refer to [Serve custom TLS certificates from an external service](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service) for usage information:
| Parameter | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `clusterName` | Specifies the name of the SDS cluster where Consul should retrieve certificates. The cluster must be specified in the gateway's bootstrap configuration. | String |
| `certResource` | Specifies an SDS resource name. Consul requests the SDS resource name when fetching the certificate from the SDS service. When set, Consul serves the certificate to all listeners over TLS unless a listener-specific TLS configuration overrides the SDS configuration. | String |
### `spec-listeners[].services[].maxConnections`
Specifies the maximum number of HTTP/1.1 connections a service instance is allowed to establish against the upstream.
A value specified in this field overrides the [`maxConnections`](#spec-defaults-maxconnections) field specified in the `defaults` configuration.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Integer
### `spec.listeners[].services.maxPendingRequests`
Specifies the maximum number of requests that are allowed to queue while waiting to establish a connection. A value specified in this field overrides the [`maxPendingRequests`](#spec-defaults-maxpendingrequests) field specified in the `defaults` configuration.
Listeners must use an L7 protocol for this configuration to take effect. Refer to [`spec.listeners.protocol`](#spec-listeners-protocol) for more information.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Integer
### `spec.listeners[].services[].maxConcurrentRequests`
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent HTTP/2 traffic requests that the service is allowed at a single point in time. A value specified in this field overrides the [`maxConcurrentRequests`](#spec-defaults-maxconcurrentrequests) field specified in the `defaults` configuration entry.
Listeners must use an L7 protocol for this configuration to take effect. Refer to [`spec.listeners.protocol`](#spec-listeners-protocol) for more information.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Integer
### `spec.listeners[].services[].passiveHealthCheck`
Defines a passive health check configuration for the service. Passive health checks remove hosts from the upstream cluster when the service is unreachable or returns errors. Health checks specified for services override the health checks defined in the [`spec.defaults.passiveHealthCheck`](#spec-defaults-passivehealthcheck) configuration.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map
The following table describes the configurations for passive health checks:
| Parameter | Description | Data type | Default |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `Interval` | Specifies the time between checks. | string | `0s` |
| `MaxFailures` | Specifies the number of consecutive failures allowed per check interval. If exceeded, Consul removes the host from the load balancer. | integer | `0` |
| `EnforcingConsecutive5xx` | Specifies a percentage that indicates how many times out of 100 that Consul ejects the host when it detects an outlier status. The outlier status is determined by consecutive errors in the 500-599 response range. | integer | `100` |
| `MaxEjectionPercent` | Specifies the maximum percentage of an upstream cluster that Consul ejects when the proxy reports an outlier. Consul ejects at least one host when an outlier is detected regardless of the value. | integer | `10` |
| `BaseEjectionTime` | Specifies the minimum amount of time that an ejected host must remain outside the cluster before rejoining. The real time is equal to the value of the `BaseEjectionTime` multiplied by the number of times the host has been ejected. | string | `30s` |
### `spec.listeners[].tls`
Specifies the TLS configuration for the listener. If unspecified, Consul applies any [service-specific TLS configurations](#spec-listeners-services-tls). If neither the listener- nor service-specific TLS configurations are specified, Consul applies the main [`tls`](#tls) settings for the configuration entry.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map that can contain the following fields:
- [`enabled`](#spec-listeners-tls-enabled)
- [`tlsMinVersion`](#spec-listeners-tls-tlsminversion)
- [`tlsMaxVersion`](#spec-listeners-tls-tlsmaxversion)
- [`cipherSuites`](#spec-listeners-tls-ciphersuites)
- [`sds`](#spec-listeners-tls-sds)
### `spec.listeners[].tls.enabled`
Set to `true` to enable built-in TLS for the listener. If enabled, Consul adds each host defined in every service's `Hosts` field to the gateway's x509 certificate as a DNS subject alternative name (SAN).
#### Values
- Default: `false`
- Data type: boolean
### `spec.listeners[].tls.tlsMinVersion`
Specifies the minimum TLS version supported for the listener.
#### Values
- Default: Depends on the version of Envoy:
- Envoy v1.22.0 and later: `TLSv1_2`
- Older versions: `TLSv1_0`
- Data type: String with one of the following values:
- `TLS_AUTO`
- `TLSv1_0`
- `TLSv1_1`
- `TLSv1_2`
- `TLSv1_3`
### `spec.listeners[].tls.tlsMaxVersion`
Specifies the maximum TLS version supported for the listener.
#### Values
- Default: Depends on the version of Envoy:
- Envoy v1.22.0 and later: `TLSv1_2`
- Older versions: `TLSv1_0`
- Data type: String with one of the following values:
- `TLS_AUTO`
- `TLSv1_0`
- `TLSv1_1`
- `TLSv1_2`
- `TLSv1_3`
### `spec.listeners[].tls.cipherSuites`
Specifies a list of cipher suites that the listener supports when negotiating connections using TLS 1.2 or older. If unspecified, the Consul applies the default for the version of Envoy in use. Refer to the [Envoy documentation](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/api-v3/extensions/transport_sockets/tls/v3/common.proto#envoy-v3-api-field-extensions-transport-sockets-tls-v3-tls parameters-cipher-suites) for details.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: List of string values. Refer to the [Consul repository](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/blob/v1.11.2/types/tls.go#L154-L169) for a list of supported ciphers.
### `spec.listeners[].tls.sds`
Specifies parameters for loading the TLS certificates from an external SDS service. Refer to [Serve custom TLS certificates from an external service](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service) for additional information.
Consul applies the SDS configuration specified in this field to all services in the listener. You can override the `spec.listeners[].tls.sds` configuration per service by configuring the [`spec.listeners.services.tls.sds`](#spec-listeners-services-tls-sds) settings for each service.
#### Values
- Default: None
- Data type: Map containing the following fields
- `clusterName`
- `certResource`
The following table describes how to configure SDS parameters. Refer to [Configure static SDS clusters](/consul/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway/tls-external-service#configure-static-sds-clusters) for usage information:
| Parameter | Description | Data type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `clusterName` | Specifies the name of the SDS cluster where Consul should retrieve certificates. The cluster must be specified in the gateway's bootstrap configuration. | String |
| `certResource` | Specifies an SDS resource name. Consul requests the SDS resource name when fetching the certificate from the SDS service. When set, Consul serves the certificate to all listeners over TLS unless a listener-specific TLS configuration overrides the SDS configuration. | String |
</Tab>
</Tabs>
## Examples
Refer to the following examples for common ingress gateway configuration patterns:
- [Define a TCP listener](#define-a-tcp-listener)
- [Use wildcards to define listeners](#use-wildcards-to-define-an-http-listener)
- [HTTP listener with path-based routes](#http-listener-with-path-based-routes)
### Define a TCP listener
The following example sets up a TCP listener on an ingress gateway named `us-east-ingress` that proxies traffic to the `db` service. For Consul Enterprise, the `db` service can only listen for traffic in the `default` namespace inside the `team-frontend` admin partition:
#### Consul CE
<CodeTabs tabs={[ "HCL", "Kubernetes YAML", "JSON" ]}>
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
Listeners = [
{
Port = 3456
Protocol = "tcp"
Services = [
{
Name = "db"
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
spec:
listeners:
- port: 3456
protocol: tcp
services:
- name: db
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 3456,
"Protocol": "tcp",
"Services": [
{
"Name": "db"
}
]
}
]
}
```
</CodeTabs>
#### Consul Enterprise
<CodeTabs tabs={[ "HCL", "Kubernetes YAML", "JSON" ]}>
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
Namespace = "default"
Partition = "team-frontend"
Listeners = [
{
Port = 3456
Protocol = "tcp"
Services = [
{
Namespace = "ops"
Name = "db"
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
namespace: default
spec:
listeners:
- port: 3456
protocol: tcp
services:
- name: db
namespace: ops
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"Namespace": "default",
"Partition": "team-frontend",
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 3456,
"Protocol": "tcp",
"Services": [
{
"Namespace": "ops",
"Name": "db"
}
]
}
]
}
```
</CodeTabs>
### Use wildcards to define an HTTP listener
The following example gateway is named `us-east-ingress` and defines two listeners. The first listener is configured to listen on port `8080` and uses a wildcard (`*`) to proxy traffic to all services in the datacenter. The second listener exposes the `api` and `web` services on port `4567` at user-provided hosts.
TLS is enabled on every listener. The `max_connections` of the ingress gateway proxy to each upstream cluster is set to `4096`.
The Consul Enterprise version implements the following additional configurations:
- The ingress gateway is set up in the `default` [namespace](/consul/docs/enterprise/namespaces) and proxies traffic to all services in the `frontend` namespace.
- The `api` and `web` services are proxied to team-specific [admin partitions](/consul/docs/enterprise/admin-partitions):
#### Consul CE
<CodeTabs tabs={[ "HCL", "Kubernetes YAML", "JSON" ]}>
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
TLS {
Enabled = true
}
Defaults {
MaxConnections = 4096
}
Listeners = [
{
Port = 8080
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Name = "*"
}
]
},
{
Port = 4567
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Name = "api"
Hosts = ["foo.example.com"]
},
{
Name = "web"
Hosts = ["website.example.com"]
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
spec:
tls:
enabled: true
listeners:
- port: 8080
protocol: http
services:
- name: '*'
- port: 4567
protocol: http
services:
- name: api
hosts: ['foo.example.com']
- name: web
hosts: ['website.example.com']
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"TLS": {
"Enabled": true
},
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 8080,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Name": "*"
}
]
},
{
"Port": 4567,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Name": "api",
"Hosts": ["foo.example.com"]
},
{
"Name": "web",
"Hosts": ["website.example.com"]
}
]
}
]
}
```
</CodeTabs>
#### Consul Enterprise
<CodeTabs tabs={[ "HCL", "Kubernetes YAML", "JSON" ]}>
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
Namespace = "default"
TLS {
Enabled = true
}
Listeners = [
{
Port = 8080
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Namespace = "frontend"
Name = "*"
}
]
},
{
Port = 4567
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Namespace = "frontend"
Name = "api"
Hosts = ["foo.example.com"]
Partition = "api-team"
},
{
Namespace = "frontend"
Name = "web"
Hosts = ["website.example.com"]
Partition = "web-team"
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
namespace: default
spec:
tls:
enabled: true
listeners:
- port: 8080
protocol: http
services:
- name: '*'
namespace: frontend
- port: 4567
protocol: http
services:
- name: api
namespace: frontend
hosts: ['foo.example.com']
partition: api-team
- name: web
namespace: frontend
hosts: ['website.example.com']
partition: web-team
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"Namespace": "default",
"TLS": {
"Enabled": true
},
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 8080,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Namespace": "frontend",
"Name": "*"
}
]
},
{
"Port": 4567,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Namespace": "frontend",
"Name": "api",
"Hosts": ["foo.example.com"],
"Partition": "api-team"
},
{
"Namespace": "frontend",
"Name": "web",
"Hosts": ["website.example.com"],
"Partition": "web-team"
}
]
}
]
}
```
</CodeTabs>