diff --git a/internal/bootstrap/data/setting.go b/internal/bootstrap/data/setting.go
index 17a63af2..bbb633e3 100644
--- a/internal/bootstrap/data/setting.go
+++ b/internal/bootstrap/data/setting.go
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ func InitialSettings() []model.SettingItem {
 		{Key: conf.ForwardDirectLinkParams, Value: "false", Type: conf.TypeBool, Group: model.GLOBAL},
 		{Key: conf.IgnoreDirectLinkParams, Value: "sign,alist_ts", Type: conf.TypeString, Group: model.GLOBAL},
 		{Key: conf.WebauthnLoginEnabled, Value: "false", Type: conf.TypeBool, Group: model.GLOBAL, Flag: model.PUBLIC},
+		{Key: conf.MaxDevices, Value: "0", Type: conf.TypeNumber, Group: model.GLOBAL},
+		{Key: conf.DeviceEvictPolicy, Value: "deny", Type: conf.TypeSelect, Options: "deny,evict_oldest", Group: model.GLOBAL},
+		{Key: conf.DeviceSessionTTL, Value: "86400", Type: conf.TypeNumber, Group: model.GLOBAL},
 
 		// single settings
 		{Key: conf.Token, Value: token, Type: conf.TypeString, Group: model.SINGLE, Flag: model.PRIVATE},
diff --git a/internal/conf/const.go b/internal/conf/const.go
index 0bf0cd67..1a558163 100644
--- a/internal/conf/const.go
+++ b/internal/conf/const.go
@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ const (
 	ForwardDirectLinkParams = "forward_direct_link_params"
 	IgnoreDirectLinkParams  = "ignore_direct_link_params"
 	WebauthnLoginEnabled    = "webauthn_login_enabled"
+	MaxDevices              = "max_devices"
+	DeviceEvictPolicy       = "device_evict_policy"
+	DeviceSessionTTL        = "device_session_ttl"
 
 	// index
 	SearchIndex     = "search_index"
diff --git a/internal/db/db.go b/internal/db/db.go
index 0d8ab421..4577059d 100644
--- a/internal/db/db.go
+++ b/internal/db/db.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ var db *gorm.DB
 
 func Init(d *gorm.DB) {
 	db = d
-	err := AutoMigrate(new(model.Storage), new(model.User), new(model.Meta), new(model.SettingItem), new(model.SearchNode), new(model.TaskItem), new(model.SSHPublicKey), new(model.Role), new(model.Label), new(model.LabelFileBinding), new(model.ObjFile))
+	err := AutoMigrate(new(model.Storage), new(model.User), new(model.Meta), new(model.SettingItem), new(model.SearchNode), new(model.TaskItem), new(model.SSHPublicKey), new(model.Role), new(model.Label), new(model.LabelFileBinding), new(model.ObjFile), new(model.Session))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("failed migrate database: %s", err.Error())
 	}
diff --git a/internal/db/session.go b/internal/db/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b0f7333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/db/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package db
+
+import (
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+)
+
+func GetSession(userID uint, deviceKey string) (*model.Session, error) {
+	s := model.Session{UserID: userID, DeviceKey: deviceKey}
+	if err := db.Where(&s).First(&s).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed find session")
+	}
+	return &s, nil
+}
+
+func CreateSession(s *model.Session) error {
+	return errors.WithStack(db.Create(s).Error)
+}
+
+func UpsertSession(s *model.Session) error {
+	return errors.WithStack(db.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{UpdateAll: true}).Create(s).Error)
+}
+
+func DeleteSession(userID uint, deviceKey string) error {
+	return errors.WithStack(db.Where("user_id = ? AND device_key = ?", userID, deviceKey).Delete(&model.Session{}).Error)
+}
+
+func CountSessionsByUser(userID uint) (int64, error) {
+	var count int64
+	err := db.Model(&model.Session{}).Where("user_id = ?", userID).Count(&count).Error
+	return count, errors.WithStack(err)
+}
+
+func DeleteSessionsBefore(ts int64) error {
+	return errors.WithStack(db.Where("last_active < ?", ts).Delete(&model.Session{}).Error)
+}
+
+func GetOldestSession(userID uint) (*model.Session, error) {
+	var s model.Session
+	if err := db.Where("user_id = ?", userID).Order("last_active ASC").First(&s).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed get oldest session")
+	}
+	return &s, nil
+}
+
+func UpdateSessionLastActive(userID uint, deviceKey string, lastActive int64) error {
+	return errors.WithStack(db.Model(&model.Session{}).Where("user_id = ? AND device_key = ?", userID, deviceKey).Update("last_active", lastActive).Error)
+}
diff --git a/internal/device/session.go b/internal/device/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f608e735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/device/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/conf"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/db"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/errs"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/model"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/setting"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+// Handle verifies device sessions for a user and upserts current session.
+func Handle(userID uint, deviceKey string) error {
+	ttl := setting.GetInt(conf.DeviceSessionTTL, 86400)
+	if ttl > 0 {
+		_ = db.DeleteSessionsBefore(time.Now().Unix() - int64(ttl))
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	sess, err := db.GetSession(userID, deviceKey)
+	if err == nil {
+		sess.LastActive = now
+		sess.Status = model.SessionActive
+		return db.UpsertSession(sess)
+	}
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	max := setting.GetInt(conf.MaxDevices, 0)
+	if max > 0 {
+		count, err := db.CountSessionsByUser(userID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if count >= int64(max) {
+			policy := setting.GetStr(conf.DeviceEvictPolicy, "deny")
+			if policy == "evict_oldest" {
+				oldest, err := db.GetOldestSession(userID)
+				if err == nil {
+					_ = db.DeleteSession(userID, oldest.DeviceKey)
+				}
+			} else {
+				return errors.WithStack(errs.TooManyDevices)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	s := &model.Session{UserID: userID, DeviceKey: deviceKey, LastActive: now, Status: model.SessionActive}
+	return db.CreateSession(s)
+}
+
+// Refresh updates last_active for the session.
+func Refresh(userID uint, deviceKey string) {
+	_ = db.UpdateSessionLastActive(userID, deviceKey, time.Now().Unix())
+}
diff --git a/internal/errs/device.go b/internal/errs/device.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d3bd744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/errs/device.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package errs
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	TooManyDevices = errors.New("too many active devices")
+)
diff --git a/internal/model/session.go b/internal/model/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de89845a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/model/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package model
+
+// Session represents a device session of a user.
+type Session struct {
+	UserID     uint   `json:"user_id" gorm:"index"`
+	DeviceKey  string `json:"device_key" gorm:"primaryKey;size:64"`
+	LastActive int64  `json:"last_active"`
+	Status     int    `json:"status"`
+}
+
+const (
+	SessionActive = iota
+	SessionInactive
+)
diff --git a/server/middlewares/auth.go b/server/middlewares/auth.go
index c0743c9c..7e93c950 100644
--- a/server/middlewares/auth.go
+++ b/server/middlewares/auth.go
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/conf"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/device"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/model"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/op"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/setting"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/server/common"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -24,7 +26,9 @@ func Auth(c *gin.Context) {
 			c.Abort()
 			return
 		}
-		c.Set("user", admin)
+		if !handleSession(c, admin) {
+			return
+		}
 		log.Debugf("use admin token: %+v", admin)
 		c.Next()
 		return
@@ -50,7 +54,9 @@ func Auth(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 			guest.RolesDetail = roles
 		}
-		c.Set("user", guest)
+		if !handleSession(c, guest) {
+			return
+		}
 		log.Debugf("use empty token: %+v", guest)
 		c.Next()
 		return
@@ -87,11 +93,29 @@ func Auth(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 		user.RolesDetail = roles
 	}
-	c.Set("user", user)
+	if !handleSession(c, user) {
+		return
+	}
 	log.Debugf("use login token: %+v", user)
 	c.Next()
 }
 
+func handleSession(c *gin.Context, user *model.User) bool {
+	clientID := c.GetHeader("Client-Id")
+	if clientID == "" {
+		clientID = c.Query("client_id")
+	}
+	key := utils.GetMD5EncodeStr(fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s-%s-%s", user.ID, c.Request.UserAgent(), c.ClientIP(), clientID))
+	if err := device.Handle(user.ID, key); err != nil {
+		common.ErrorResp(c, err, 403)
+		c.Abort()
+		return false
+	}
+	c.Set("device_key", key)
+	c.Set("user", user)
+	return true
+}
+
 func Authn(c *gin.Context) {
 	token := c.GetHeader("Authorization")
 	if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(token), []byte(setting.GetStr(conf.Token))) == 1 {
diff --git a/server/middlewares/session_refresh.go b/server/middlewares/session_refresh.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cedbc4ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/middlewares/session_refresh.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package middlewares
+
+import (
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/device"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/model"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+// SessionRefresh updates session's last_active after successful requests.
+func SessionRefresh(c *gin.Context) {
+	c.Next()
+	if c.Writer.Status() >= 400 {
+		return
+	}
+	userVal, uok := c.Get("user")
+	keyVal, kok := c.Get("device_key")
+	if uok && kok {
+		user := userVal.(*model.User)
+		device.Refresh(user.ID, keyVal.(string))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/server/router.go b/server/router.go
index e8902f7a..bb239ed0 100644
--- a/server/router.go
+++ b/server/router.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ func Init(e *gin.Engine) {
 		})
 	}
 	Cors(e)
+	e.Use(middlewares.SessionRefresh)
 	g := e.Group(conf.URL.Path)
 	if conf.Conf.Scheme.HttpPort != -1 && conf.Conf.Scheme.HttpsPort != -1 && conf.Conf.Scheme.ForceHttps {
 		e.Use(middlewares.ForceHttps)
diff --git a/server/webdav.go b/server/webdav.go
index 582c469d..932c039c 100644
--- a/server/webdav.go
+++ b/server/webdav.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package server
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/subtle"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
@@ -12,9 +13,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/server/middlewares"
 
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/conf"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/device"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/model"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/op"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/internal/setting"
+	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/server/common"
 	"github.com/alist-org/alist/v3/server/webdav"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -69,6 +72,13 @@ func WebDAVAuth(c *gin.Context) {
 					c.Abort()
 					return
 				}
+				key := utils.GetMD5EncodeStr(fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", admin.ID, c.ClientIP()))
+				if err := device.Handle(admin.ID, key); err != nil {
+					c.Status(http.StatusForbidden)
+					c.Abort()
+					return
+				}
+				c.Set("device_key", key)
 				c.Set("user", admin)
 				c.Next()
 				return
@@ -146,6 +156,13 @@ func WebDAVAuth(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Abort()
 		return
 	}
+	key := utils.GetMD5EncodeStr(fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", user.ID, c.ClientIP()))
+	if err := device.Handle(user.ID, key); err != nil {
+		c.Status(http.StatusForbidden)
+		c.Abort()
+		return
+	}
+	c.Set("device_key", key)
 	c.Set("user", user)
 	c.Next()
 }